Psychology 001 - General Psychology » Spring 2021 » Exam 2

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Question #1
A student's preference for a grade of "A" rather than an "F" is most likely the result of
A.   operant conditioning
B.   counterconditioning
C.   classical conditioning
D.   taste aversion
Question #2
When Pavlov paired the bell with the food that he presented to the dogs, it is said that these two stimuli were
A.   contiguous
B.   congruent
C.   instrumental
D.   repondent
Question #3
Your mouth starts to salivate as you pass the Cookie Factory while walking at the mall. This is due to the result of
A.   observational learning
B.   counterconditioning
C.   operant conditioning
D.   classical conditioning
Question #4
While on vacation 12 years ago, Benjamin became extremely ill when he ate some shrimp. The fact that he cannot eat shrimp to this day is an example of
A.   taste aversion
B.   taste conditioning
C.   taste associations
D.   a reflex
Question #5
Your little brother learned that a cow says "moo moo". When he sees a horse, he calls it "moo moo". This is an example of
A.   positive reinforcement
B.   generalization
C.   modeling
D.   discrimination
Question #6
Your dog barks and growls to the sound of a stranger's car engine pulling into your driveway, yet wags his tail and gets excited to the sound of your car's engine. This is an example of
A.   extinction
B.   discrimination
C.   spontaneous recovery
D.   generalization
Question #7
If Pavlov stopped providing food to the dogs at the sound of the bell, then the dogs would stop salivating at the sound of the bell. This is an example of
A.   discrimination
B.   extinction
C.   spontaneous recovery
D.   generalization
Question #8
Elephants in the wild stopped visiting a watering hole after it dried up due to drought. After a big rain storm, the elephants began visiting the watering hole. This is an example of
A.   spontaneous recovery
B.   observational learning
C.   extinction
D.   generalization
Question #9
Which of the following best illustrates operant conditioning?
A.   A dog salivates at the sound of a dinner bell.
B.   A cat comes running when it hears the sound of the can opener.
C.   A dolphin is given a fish every time he jumps through a hoop.
D.   The mating behavior of salmon.
Question #10
William's dad was a gardener. William often played in the yard where his dad worked. He now has his own home and prides himself for having the best garden on the block. Most likely ________________________ learning occurred during his childhood.
A.   classical
B.   programmed
C.   association
D.   observational
Question #11
According to Albert Bandura, a person who engages in a response to be imitated is a
A.   reinforcer
B.   shaper
C.   learner
D.   model
Question #12
There is strong evidence that
A.   there is a correlation between media violence and real-life violence
B.   media violence causes real-life violence
C.   there is no connection between media violence and real-life violence
D.   there is a causal relationship between media violence and real life violence
Question #13
Howard Gardner has proposed the existence of 8 kinds of
A.   learning
B.   moods
C.   intelligence
D.   personalities
Question #14
By the age of 12, Mozart had already composed several musical pieces. According to Gardner, Mozart demonstrated a high level of _______________ intelligence.
A.   visual spatial
B.   musical
C.   interpersonal
D.   linguistic
Question #15
The area of the brain implicated in producing coherent speech is
A.   the corpus callosum
B.   the amygdala
C.   Broca's area
D.   Wernicke's area
Question #16
The part of the brain that helps in speech processing and understanding language is
A.   the hypothalamus
B.   Wernicke's area
C.   Broca's area
D.   the hippocampus
Question #17
A true story is that recently several parrots had to be separated at a zoo because they were using a lot of profanity. This is an example of
A.   intonation
B.   holographic speech
C.   facial expression
D.   vocal learning
Question #18
On cognitive tests, how do pigs perform?
A.   Pigs perform as well as 3 year-old children.
B.   Pigs only perform well if they are given a treat.
C.   Dogs perform better than pigs on cognitive tests.
D.   Pigs perform poorly because they are not very smart.
Question #19
Fish are capable of complex cognition in that they can
A.   recognize faces, use tools and build social systems
B.   recognize faces
C.   use tools and build social systems
D.   build social systems
Question #20
The correct order of events in memory processing is
A.   encoding, storage, retrieval
B.   storage, encoding, retrieval
C.   retrieval, storage, encoding
D.   encoding, retrieval, storage
Question #21
Megan can recall her friend's long-distance phone number and 5 digit extension even though the sequence is 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she combined the digits into smaller groups. This process is called
A.   chunking
B.   primacy effect
C.   storage
D.   recency effect
Question #22
The tendency to remember the beginning of a list and the end of a list is known as the
A.   state dependent memory
B.   a mnemonic device
C.   computer analogy for memory
D.   serial position effect
Question #23
Piaget identified 4 stages of cognitive development. In order, they are
A.   sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
B.   sensory operational, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
C.   preoperational, concrete operational, sensorimotor, formal operational
D.   infancy, toddlerhood, childhood, adolescence
Question #24
A 4 month-old infant is playing with keys. You place a magazine on top of the keys. The infant does not search for them. This demonstrates a lack of
A.   conservation
B.   object permanence
C.   egocentrism
D.   accommodation
Question #25
You show a child 2 tall and thin glasses filled with equal amounts of water. You pour the water from one glass into a short, wide glass and tell the child to take the glass with the most water in it. You are observing the child's capacity to
A.   understand object permanence
B.   reason deductively
C.   understand the law of conservation
D.   understand abstract concepts
Question #26
A 5-year-old boy thinks the whole world revolves around him and that only his needs matter. According to Piaget, this demonstrates
A.   the sensorimotor stage
B.   object permanence
C.   egocentrism
D.   the law of conservation
Question #27
According to Erikson, the major task for the stage of adolescence is
A.   autonomy versus shame
B.   identity versus role confusion
C.   a low-risk lifestyle
D.   economic independence
Question #28
Erikson proposed that people resolve the issue of __________________ as young adults.
A.   identity versus role confusion
B.   intimacy versus isolation
C.   integrity versus despair
D.   industry versus inferiority
Question #29
Erikson's middle adult challenge is
A.   identity versus diffusion
B.   intimacy versus isolation
C.   integrity versus despair
D.   generativity versus stagnation
Question #30
The Stages of Death and Dying according to Kubler-Ross are
A.   denial, contemplation, processing, acceptance
B.   young adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood
C.   denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
D.   sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations
Question #31
What is true about Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
A.   The more basic needs of survival are at the bottom of the pyramid.
B.   Psychological needs are satisfied before physiological.
C.   People don't try to improve themselves.
D.   One must satisfy the needs at the top of the pyramid and then work down the triangle.
Question #32
According to Maslow, "self-actualization" is
A.   at the bottom of his Hierarchy of Needs
B.   the best possible version of one's self
C.   a safety need
D.   a physiological need
Question #33
Mary compliments her 4 year-old daughter when she wears a dress, but frowns when she chooses to wear her brother's football jersey. When Joe's 6 year-old son cries after being hurt in a soccer game, Joe tells his son that "Boys don't cry", and to "walk it off". These are examples of
A.   gender typing
B.   gender constancy
C.   gender identity
D.   gender fluidity
Question #34
Most children have a clear idea of what it means to be male or female in their culture by the age of
A.   1
B.   6
C.   10
D.   3
Question #35
Kinsey suggested that sexual orientation
A.   consists of only 2 types
B.   occurs on a spectrum
C.   is dichotomous
D.   is the same for all humans
Question #36
A person who is attracted sexually and romantically to the essence of a person and not their bodily form is
A.   demisexual
B.   genderqueer
C.   pansexual
D.   asexual
Question #37
If your gender identity matches your biological or birth sex, then you are
A.   agendered
B.   nonbinary
C.   gender fluid
D.   cisgender
Question #38
The distress a person feels due to a mismatch between their gender identity and their sex assigned at birth is called
A.   intersex
B.   gender affirmation
C.   gender dysphoria
D.   gender questioning
Question #39
Which statement below is NOT a part of transgender etiquette?
A.   Don't out a transgender person.
B.   Don't say, "You look like a real man/woman".
C.   Ask personal questions about their sex life.
D.   Use the person's correct name and preferred gender pronoun.
Question #40
Discrimination or prejudice against homosexuals on the assumption that heterosexuality is the normal sexual orientation is called
A.   sexism
B.   heterosexism
C.   gender typing
D.   speciesism
Question #41
Dislike of or prejudice against transgender people is called
A.   stigma
B.   sexism
C.   homophobia
D.   transphobia
Question #42
Denoting or relating to a world view that promotes heterosexuality as the normal or preferred sexual orientation is called
A.   gender role
B.   heteronormative
C.   homophobia
D.   gender stereotype
Question #43
What is true about the refractory period according to the discoveries of Masters and Johnson?
A.   Men can have multiple orgasms
B.   Women have long refractory periods.
C.   Men have no refractory period.
D.   Older men have longer refractory periods than younger men.
Question #44
What did Masters and Johnson discover about women's sexuality?
A.   Women need men to achieve orgasm.
B.   Women and men go through different stages of the sexual response.
C.   Women are sexually inferior to men.
D.   Women are capable of multiple orgasms.
Question #45
To prevent unplanned pregnancy and also to reduce the risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection,
A.   the man should "pull out" before ejaculating
B.   take a shower after sex
C.   there is nothing you can do to prevent pregnancy and STI's
D.   use a condom

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