Biology 006 - Genera Biology I » Spring 2021 » Exam 5
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Biology 006 - Genera Biology I ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here
Question #1
If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the gray crescent is shifted into one of the two blastomeres following division, what is the expected fate of these cells?
A.
Both cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage.
B.
Only the cell with the gray crescent will develop normally.
C.
The cell with the entire gray crescent will die.
D.
Both cells will die immediately.
E.
Both cells will develop abnormally.
Question #2
Which of the following represents the proper order of events in embryonic development?
A.
fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, neurulation, organogenesis
B.
fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, cleavage, organogenesis
C.
fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, organogenesis, neurulation
D.
fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis
E.
fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation
Question #3
Development of all the structures listed below occur during neurulation EXCEPT:
A.
cells that will form future pigment cells and certain facial bones.
B.
the central nervous system.
C.
somites.
D.
the archenteron.
E.
the neural crest.
Question #4
The yolk
A.
is concentrated at the animal pole.
B.
is homogeneously arranged in the egg.
C.
can lead to unequal cleavage of cells in the animal pole compared to those in the vegetal pole.
D.
prevents gastrulation.
E.
impedes the formation of a primitive streak.
Question #5
You buy a pie that contains a mixture of cherries and blueberries. You grab a knife and begin to cut it up. When you are done, you notice that some slices have more blueberries than cherries than other slices. This uneven distribution of cherries and blueberries amongst the slices is most like the uneven distribution of
A.
nuclei in a zygote.
B.
nuclei in an egg.
C.
cytoplasmic determinants in a zygote.
D.
nuclei in an early embryo.
E.
cytoplasmic determinants in an early embryo.
Question #6
During frog gastrulation, involution occurs at the
A.
blastocoel.
B.
archenteron.
C.
endometrium.
D.
blastopore
E.
trophoblast.
Question #7
The enzymes at the tip of a sperm are contained within the
A.
blastopore
B.
Acrosome
Question #8
Which of the following is TRUE of fate mapping?
A.
It determines the ultimate structure/function of a particular cell type during embryonic development.
B.
It determines hereditable disorders in the embryo.
C.
It maps the genes of an embryo.
D.
It maps the proteins within a morphogenic field.
E.
It assesses the quality of a developing embryo.
Question #9
The central nervous system first forms during
A.
fertilization.
B.
gastrulation.
C.
organogenesis.
D.
neurulation.
E.
cleavage.
Question #10
The process by which cells acquire specialized forms and functions is called
A.
cell differentiation.
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
cell elasticity.
D.
cell growth.
E.
cell replication.
Question #11
Human eggs undergo holoblastic cleavage during development.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #12
The fast block to polyspermy occurs through a rapid increase in cytosolic calcium within the egg.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #13
In a frog embryo, gastrulation
A.
proceeds by invagination and involution as cells roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore.
B.
produces a blastocoel displaced into the animal hemisphere.
C.
is impossible because of the large amount of yolk in the egg.
D.
occurs along the primitive streak in the animal hemisphere.
E.
occurs within the inner cell mass that is embedded in the large amount of yolk.
Question #14
During gastrulation, the migrating cells known as the endoderm “push” the cells of the ____________________________ to the side
A.
preformation.
B.
histogenesis.
C.
hypoblast
D.
gastrulation
Question #15
The two primary mechanisms of cell differentiation are conditional specification and
A.
organogenesis.
B.
polar cap fusion.
C.
autonomous specification.
D.
fertilization.
E.
gastrulation.
Question #16
A puppy is born with a malformed right leg. A veterinarian studies the animal and determines that all of the correct types of cells are present, but that the leg simply took on the wrong shape. This is most likely a problem of
A.
fertilization.
B.
histogenesis.
C.
cell differentiation.
D.
morphogenesis.
E.
preformation.
Question #17
You observe an embryo with meroblastic cleavage, several extra-embryonic membranes, and a definite primitive streak. How would you identify this organism, based on this information?
A.
fish
B.
sea urchin
C.
amphibian
D.
insect
E.
bird
Question #18
Changes in the shape of a cell usually involve a reorganization of the
A.
extracellular matrix.
B.
cytoskeleton.
C.
nucleus.
D.
transport proteins.
Question #19
The stage of development that involves cell division without cell growth is
A.
Cleavage
B.
Neurulation
C.
Organogenesis
D.
Gastrulation
E.
Fertilization
Question #20
Which of the following is not involved in positional information for pattern formation of the limbs?
A.
apical ectodermal ridge
B.
HOX genes
C.
zone of polarizing activity
D.
cadherins
E.
Sonic hedgehog
Question #21
Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold conducted pioneering experiments in which they transplanted the dorsal lip of the blastopore in an early gastrula newt to the ventral side of another early gastrula newt. What was the outcome of this experiment?
A.
Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.
B.
The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant.
C.
Discovery of Spemann's organizer.
D.
Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures.
E.
Discovery of a group of embryonic cells in the dorsal lip that ultimately produce specific body structures. The development of dorsal structures (neural tube, notochord) on both the dorsal and ventral parts of the gastrula that received the transplant. Identification of a morphogenic field in the dorsal lip of the blastopore of an early gastrula. Discovery of Spemann's organizer.
Question #22
The ____________________________________________ is an extra-embryonic membrane that functions in gas exchange
A.
Notochord
B.
Epidermis
C.
Chorion
D.
Archenteron
Question #23
In chordates, which mesoderm structure forms as a result of gastrulation and provides structural rigidity along the dorsal anterio-posterior axis of the embryo?
A.
Epidermis
B.
Neural tube
C.
Notochord
D.
Archenteron
E.
Intestinal tract
Question #24
True or False? I absolutely LOVED Biology 6 this semester??,,
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #25
Which of the following sequence of events of fertilization is in the proper order?
A.
binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium
B.
acrosomal reaction, binding of sperm to egg membrane, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy
C.
acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, slow block to polyspermy, and then an increase in egg cytosolic calcium
D.
binding of sperm to egg membrane, acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy
E.
acrosomal reaction, fast block to polyspermy, binding of sperm to egg membrane, increase in egg cytosolic calcium, and then the slow block to polyspermy
Question #26
The greatest amount of yolk would be found in the egg of a
A.
bird.
B.
placental mammal.
C.
reptile.
D.
frog.
E.
fish.
Question #27
As an embryo develops, new cells are formed and different types of cells develop by the process of?
A.
preformation and cell differentiation.
B.
preformation and morphogenesis.
C.
cell division and differentiation.
D.
E.
differentiation and morphogenesis.
F.
preformation and epigenesis.
Question #28
An animal is which the blastopore forms the mouth is called a
A.
chromosome
B.
blastopore
C.
protostome
D.
acrosome
Question #29
Neural crest cells at the dorsal surface of the neural tube
A.
form the overlying ectoderm.
B.
differentiate into the brain.
C.
control the segmentation of somatic mesoderm.
D.
form the notochord.
E.
migrate to many different regions of the body.
Question #30
Which one of the following functions in eliminating nitrogenous wastes in a human embryo?
A.
allantois
B.
yolk sac
C.
trophoblast
D.
chorion
E.
amnion
Question #31
In _____________________________ neighboring cells give "instructions" to influence the development of a cell
A.
specification
B.
gastrulation
C.
induction
D.
cleavage
E.
fertilization
Question #32
The archenteron of the developing frog eventually develops into which structure?
A.
reproductive organs
B.
the blastocoel
C.
brain and spinal cord
D.
heart and lungs
E.
digestive tract
Question #33
The primitive streak in chick gastrulation is the functional equivalent of
A.
the archenteron in a frog.
B.
polar bodies in a sea urchin.
C.
the notochord in a mammal.
D.
neural crest cells in a mammal.
E.
the lip of the blastopore in the frog.
Question #34
Once an egg has been fertilized, what event(s) are crucial for preventing additional sperm from fertilizing the egg?
A.
the acrosomal reaction
B.
the fast block to polyspermy
C.
the cortical reaction
D.
both the acrosomal and cortical reactions
E.
both the cortical reaction and fast block to polyspermy
Question #35
Put the following events of sea urchin fertilization into their correct order, starting with the arrival of the sperm at the oocyte I. fast block to polyspermy II. depolarization of the oocyte plasma membrane III. release of hydrolytic enzymes IV. extension of the acrosomal process V. binding of the acrosome to the jelly layer
A.
V, III, IV, II, I
B.
IV, V, I, III, II
C.
IV, III, V, I, II
D.
V, IV, II, III, I
E.
III, V, II, IV, I
Question #36
Which event listed below occurs first in fertilization ?
A.
the cortical reaction
B.
the slow block to polyspermy
C.
the entry of sperm DNA into the egg
D.
the acrosomal reaction
E.
fast block to polyspermy
Question #37
A.
blastopore
B.
primitive streak
C.
blastocoel
D.
archenteron
E.
point of sperm entry
Question #38
Which of the following is TRUE of a morphogen? It is a signaling molecule that
A.
is produced as a gradient & induces the differentiation of cells within the embryo.
B.
that separates out cytoplasmic factors to their respective cells within the developing embryo.
C.
is produced as a gradient & is required for cell-to-cell contact within the embryo.
D.
induces blastulation of the developing embryo.
E.
induces implantation of the embryo into the uterus of mammals.
Question #39
Which of the following is a function of the acrosome during frog fertilization?
A.
to help propel the sperm toward the egg
B.
to digest the jelly coat
C.
to nourish the mitochondria of the sperm
D.
to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell
E.
to trigger the release of cortical granules
Question #40
How does the vegetal pole differ from the animal pole of a zygote?
A.
The polar bodies bud from this region
B.
The vegetal pole can have a higher concentration of yolk.
C.
The posterior end of the embryo forms at the vegetal pole.
D.
The animal pole cells undergo mitosis but not cytokinesis.
E.
The blastomeres originate only in the vegetal pole.
Question #41
_____________________________ is a process that results in the establishment cell fate?
A.
cleavage
B.
specification
C.
gastrulation
D.
fertilization
E.
induction
Question #42
The release of cortical granule contents outside the egg results in the ______________________________________block to polyspermy
A.
constant
B.
slow
C.
fast
D.
moderate
Question #43
Which of the following is/are a function of calcium release inside the mammalian oocyte?
A.
to trigger the release of cortical granules and to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell
B.
to nourish the oocyte
C.
to help propel the sperm toward the egg
D.
to trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell and to nourish the oocyte
E.
to digest the jelly coat
F.
to trigger the release of cortical granules
Question #44
The cortical reaction causes
A.
the sperm to bind to the egg membrane.
B.
fast block polyspermy.
C.
the embryo to embed into the uterus.
D.
egg membrane depolarization.
E.
the zona pellucida or vitelline layer to harden.
Question #45
Which one of the following does not occur in mammalian fertilization?
A.
hydrolytic enzymes are spilled from the acrosome
B.
a fast block to polyspermy
C.
a slow block to polyspermy
D.
a fusion of the egg and sperm membranes
E.
the binding of a sperm cell to the egg
Question #46
Cells destined to develop into muscle tissue are transplanted to an area where cells are destined to become epithelial cells. If these cells are under autonomous specification what will happen to these cells following transplantation? The cells will
A.
not develop if transplanted.
B.
develop into connective tissue.
C.
develop into epithelial tissue.
D.
E.
develop into both muscle and epithelial tissue.
F.
develop into muscle tissue.
Question #47
The ____________________________________________________ is the embryonic tissue in which the primitive streak forms
A.
hypoblast
B.
epiblast
C.
fertilization.
D.
blastopore
Question #48
Which of the following is TRUE of cell cleavage?
A.
It forms a blastula.
B.
It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth and forms a blastula.
C.
It is a rather slow event of embryonic development involving consecutive cycles of cell division.
D.
It involves consecutive cycles of cell division without cell growth.
E.
It is a rather slow event of embryonic development.
Question #49
The entry of multiple sperm into an oocyte would be called
A.
trophoblast
B.
polyspermal
C.
polyspermy
D.
fertilization
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Biology 006 - Genera Biology I ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here