Biology 006 - Genera Biology I » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 1
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Question #1
The feature of carbon important for producing a wide diversity of organic molecules is
A.
carbon can form up to two covalent bonds with other elements.
B.
carbon bonds cannot be broken inthe range of temperatures associated with life.
C.
carbon bonds are stronger than any other bond.
D.
carbon can form hydrogen bonds with water.
E.
carbon can form both polar and nonpolar covalent bonds with various elements.
Question #2
The molecule below that is polar and acts like a base is
A.
R-SH
B.
R-PO 4
C.
R-NH 2
D.
R-CO-R
E.
R-OH
Question #3
Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would
A.
always alter the biological activity or function of the protein.
B.
alter the primary structure of the protein. In addition, it may alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and affect its biological activity.
C.
always alter the primary structure of the protein and disrupt its biological activity.
D.
cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold.
E.
only alter the primary structure of the protein
Question #4
The substance listed below that would be most rich in mono-unsaturated fats is
A.
fat that is solid at room temperature.
B.
olive oil.
C.
beef fat.
D.
butter.
E.
vegetable oil
Question #5
The LEAST hydrophilic substance is
A.
an ion.
B.
a gas.
C.
an amphipathic molecule.
D.
oil.
E.
salt.
Question #6
The functional group that forms covalent bonds between R groups within a polypeptide and that stabilizes tertiary structure is
A.
−PO 4
B.
−OH
C.
−NH 2
D.
E.
−COOH
F.
−SH
Question #7
The addition of a strong acid like HCl to an aqueous solution would result in
A.
both the release of H + and an increase in pH.
B.
the release of H + into the solution.
C.
both the release of H + and a decrease in pH.
D.
an increase in pH.
E.
a decrease in pH.
Question #8
Which of the following could represent the correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual organism?
A.
organism, nervous system, nervous tissue, brain
B.
organism, nervous system, nervous tissue, molecule, cell
C.
organism, nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell
D.
organism, brain, nervous system, nerve cell, nervous tissue
E.
organism, nervous system, tissue, cell, organ
Question #9
The unique characteristics of ribosomes include
A.
an RNA composition, composition of two subunits, and ribosomal proteins being produced in the cytosol.
B.
ribosomal proteins being produced in the cytosol.
C.
an RNA composition.
D.
composition of two subunits.
E.
ribosomes being made of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and ribosomal proteins being produced in the cytosol.
F.
the cytosol site where all ribosomal components are produced.
Question #10
Which type of cell would have the hardest time exporting waste?
A.
smooth and cuboidal
B.
large and round
C.
long and wide
D.
irregular and long
Question #11
1 mole = 1000 millimoles (mmol); 1millimole = 1000 micromoles (µmol). If a solution contains 38231 µmol, what is that amount in mmol?
A.
38.231 mmol
B.
3.8231 mmol
C.
3823.1 mmol
D.
382.31 mmol
Question #12
Nitrogen has 7 electrons and can form a maximum of ________ bonds with other elements.
A.
5
B.
3
C.
1
D.
4
E.
2
Question #13
A disaccharide, such as maltose, consists of two molecules of glucose linked by what type of bond?
A.
glycosidic
B.
hydrogen
C.
phosphodiester
D.
peptide
E.
steroid
Question #14
When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood sugar levels drop back to normal, insulin secretion stops. Alternatively, when the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. When levels return to normal, glucagon secretion stops. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of what kind of regulation mechanism?
A.
catalytic feedback.
B.
positive feedback.
C.
protein-protein interactions.
D.
bio-informatic regulation.
E.
negative feedback.
Question #15
Which bonds are created during the formation of the secondary structure of a protein?
A.
peptide bonds
B.
hydrogen bonds
C.
disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds
D.
hydrogen bonds and peptide bonds
E.
van der waals interactions
F.
hydrophobic bonds
Question #16
Which level of organization is common to all life forms?
A.
cell
B.
tissue
C.
organ
D.
organelle
E.
colony
Question #17
A scientist isolates a single-celled organism from the bottom of a sulfur hot spring. When examined under the microscope, it is clear that the cell is very small and contains no nucleus. Based on this evidence alone, in what domain of life is this organism?
A.
It is impossible to determine anything based on this evidence alone
B.
Either bacteria or archaea
C.
Archaea
D.
Bacteria
E.
Eukarya
Question #18
The smallest functional units of matter that cannot be further broken down by ordinary chemical or physical means are
A.
molecules.
B.
atoms.
C.
shells.
D.
proteins.
E.
bonds.
Question #19
A dehydration reaction
A.
forms glucose monomers fromglycogen.
B.
results in the splitting of a water molecule.
C.
form glycerol and fatty acids from triglycerides.
D.
is used to form polymers.
E.
breaks down complex molecules to simple ones.
Question #20
Sulfur 35 ( 35S) is an isotope of 32S. These elements differ in their number of neutrons.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #21
Systems biology is mainly an attempt to
A.
understand the behavior of entire biological systems by creating models
B.
speed up the technological application of scientific knowledge.
C.
build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data
D.
analyze genomes from different species.
E.
simplify complex problems by scaling up the problem
Question #22
The cell wall is a common feature to
A.
all cells.
B.
prokaryotic cells only.
C.
animal cells only.
D.
plant cells only.
E.
prokaryotic and plant cells.
Question #23
The molarity of a solution is
A.
often expressed as grams per unit volume.
B.
a scientific term for determining the solubility of a substance in water.
C.
reflects a measure of the amount of oil dissolved in water.
D.
a measure of solute concentration.
E.
the weight of a solid substance.
Question #24
Acetic acid gives vinegar its sour taste. The functional group of this acid is
A.
−OH.
B.
−CO.
C.
−COOH.
D.
−SH.
E.
−NH 2.
Question #25
All organic molecules contain
A.
hydrogen and oxygen.
B.
nitrogen and oxygen.
C.
carbon and nitrogen.
D.
oxygen and carbon.
E.
hydrogen and carbon.
Question #26
The nucleus is to eukaryotes as the ________ is to prokaryotes.
A.
nucleoid
B.
ribosome
C.
nucleolus
D.
plasmid
E.
RNA strand
Question #27
When placed in an aqueous solution, amphipathic molecules will orient themselves with
A.
hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains in the middle and hydrophilic head groups facing the water.
B.
hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains facing the water and hydrophilic head groups in the middle.
C.
hydrophilic hydrocarbon chains facing the water and hydrophobic head groups in the middle.
D.
hydrophilic hydrocarbon chains in the middle and hydrophobic head groups facing the water.
Question #28
The function of eukaryotes membranes include
A.
cell signaling and unselective transportation.
B.
cell-to-cell adhesion, barriers separating extracellular and intracellular environments, and cell signaling.
C.
barriers separating extracellular and intracellular environments.
D.
unselective transportation.
E.
cell-to-cell adhesion.
F.
ATP synthesis.
Question #29
Cell theory or cell doctrine is based on some basic principles. Choose the description that best addresses these principles.
A.
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.
B.
Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms, and new cells form from pre-existing cells by cell division.
C.
New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.
D.
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
E.
All life is composed of two or more cells, the smallest unit of life are cells, and cell division from pre-existing cells is the only way cell continue to exist.
Question #30
You have two beakers. One contains pure water, the other contains pure methanol (wood alcohol). The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are non-polar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. You pour crystals of table salt (NaCl) into beaker one and beaker two. What will happen?
A.
When the first crystals of NaCl are added to water or to methanol, they will not dissolve; but as more crystals are added, the crystals will begin to dissolve faster and faster.
B.
Equal amounts of NaCl crystals will dissolve in both water and methanol.
C.
The NaCl crystals will NOT dissolve in either water or methanol.
D.
The NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in methanol but will not dissolve in water.
E.
The NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol.
Question #31
Whether the external temperature is hot or cold, birds maintain an internal body temperature of approximately 40°C. This is an example of.
A.
growth and development.
B.
metabolism.
C.
proteomics.
D.
homeostasis.
E.
cellular respiration.
Question #32
Which of the following statements is correct about cis-trans isomers?
A.
They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.
B.
Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.
C.
They have different molecular formulas.
D.
They differ in their arrangement around a double bond.
E.
They possess the same chemical properties.
Question #33
Proteins are largely responsible for the traits of living organisms, while ________ provides the blueprint for the organization, development, and function of living things.
A.
lipid
B.
DNA
C.
metabolite
D.
protein
E.
carbohydrate
Question #34
If orange juice has a pH of 4, then it can be described as
A.
None of these choices are correct.
B.
having a H+ concentration of 4.
C.
an acidic solution.
D.
an acidic solution with a H + concentration of 4.
E.
an alkaline solution.
Question #35
If lithium has an atomic number of 3 then it will have one valence electron.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #36
“All living organisms are composed of cells” is an example of what type of scientific statement?
A.
a theory
B.
a hypothesis
C.
a discovery
D.
a prediction
E.
a fact
Question #37
A.
hepternary
B.
secondary
C.
primary
D.
quaternary
E.
tertiary
Question #38
Amphipathic molecules
A.
tend not to interact with other molecules.
B.
possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
C.
possess only hydrophobic properties.
D.
possess neither hydrophilic nor hydrophobic properties.
E.
possess only hydrophilic properties.
Question #39
Two molecules with identical molecular formulas but different structures are called
A.
monomers.
B.
dimers.
C.
isotopes.
D.
isomers.
E.
polymers.
Question #40
You are given two nucleic acids; one RNA and the other DNA. What are the main features to determine which is the DNA?
A.
DNA will have ribose as the sugar in its backbone and DNA will have uracil instead of thymine in its nitrogenous bases.
B.
DNA will have thymine instead of uracil in its nitrogenous bases.
C.
DNA will have a double-stranded structure and DNA will have thymine instead of uracil in its nitrogenous bases.
D.
Adenine will be present in the DNA.
E.
DNA will have a double-stranded structure.
F.
DNA will have uracil instead of thymine in its nitrogenous bases.
Question #41
Tritiated hydrogen ( 3H) differs from hydrogen ( 1H) in that
A.
3H has the same number of neutrons as 1H.
B.
3H has a different electron configuration than 1H.
C.
3H has 2 more electrons than 1H.
D.
3H has 2 more neutrons than 1H.
E.
3H has 2 more protons than 1H.
Question #42
You are injecting a dye into a eukaryotic cell to detect a specific functional enzyme in the cytosol. Where would you need to inject the dye?
A.
The Golgi apparatus holds the cytosol, and therefore the dye must be injected there.
B.
You would have to inject the dye into the membrane of the rough ER.
C.
Injection of the dye must occur in the inner membrane space of the mitochondria.
D.
The dye would go between the plasma membrane and membrane of the organelles.
Question #43
The first, innermost energy shell of an atom
A.
can have a maximum of 2 electrons.
B.
is called the 2p orbital and can have a maximum of 2 electrons.
C.
D.
can have a maximum of 8 electrons.
E.
is called the 1s orbital and can have a maximum of 8 electrons.
F.
is called the 2p orbital.
Question #44
Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?
A.
C2H4
B.
C2H6
C.
CH4
D.
C2H2
E.
C3H8
Question #45
What structure best represents a polymer?
A.
a fatty acid
B.
a protein
C.
a nucleotide
D.
an amino acid
E.
a monosaccharide
Question #46
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
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