Biology 006 - Genera Biology I » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 1

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Question #1
The feature of carbon important for producing a wide diversity of organic molecules is
A.   carbon can form up to two covalent bonds with other elements.
B.   carbon bonds are stronger than any other bond.
C.   carbon can form both polar and nonpolar covalent bonds with various elements.
D.   carbon bonds cannot be broken inthe range of temperatures associated with life.
E.   carbon can form hydrogen bonds with water.
Question #2
The molecule below that is polar and acts like a base is
A.   R-OH
B.   R-CO-R
C.   R-PO 4
D.   R-NH 2
E.   R-SH
Question #3
Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would
A.   only alter the primary structure of the protein
B.   always alter the biological activity or function of the protein.
C.   always alter the primary structure of the protein and disrupt its biological activity.
D.   alter the primary structure of the protein. In addition, it may alter the tertiary structure of the protein, and affect its biological activity.
E.   cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold.
Question #4
The substance listed below that would be most rich in mono-unsaturated fats is
A.   fat that is solid at room temperature.
B.   olive oil.
C.   butter.
D.   beef fat.
E.   vegetable oil
Question #5
The LEAST hydrophilic substance is
A.   an amphipathic molecule.
B.   a gas.
C.   salt.
D.   oil.
E.   an ion.
Question #6
The functional group that forms covalent bonds between R groups within a polypeptide and that stabilizes tertiary structure is
A.   −NH 2
B.   −PO 4
C.     
D.   −COOH
E.   −SH
F.   −OH
Question #7
The addition of a strong acid like HCl to an aqueous solution would result in
A.   a decrease in pH.
B.   both the release of H + and a decrease in pH.
C.   both the release of H + and an increase in pH.
D.   an increase in pH.
E.   the release of H + into the solution.
Question #8
Which of the following could represent the correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual organism?
A.   organism, nervous system, nervous tissue, brain
B.   organism, nervous system, tissue, cell, organ
C.   organism, nervous system, nervous tissue, molecule, cell
D.   organism, nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell
E.   organism, brain, nervous system, nerve cell, nervous tissue
Question #9
The unique characteristics of ribosomes include
A.   an RNA composition, composition of two subunits, and ribosomal proteins being produced in the cytosol.
B.   ribosomes being made of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and ribosomal proteins being produced in the cytosol.
C.   an RNA composition.
D.   ribosomal proteins being produced in the cytosol.
E.   the cytosol site where all ribosomal components are produced.
F.   composition of two subunits.
Question #10
Which type of cell would have the hardest time exporting waste?
A.   large and round
B.   smooth and cuboidal
C.   irregular and long
D.   long and wide
Question #11
1 mole = 1000 millimoles (mmol); 1millimole = 1000 micromoles (µmol). If a solution contains 38231 µmol, what is that amount in mmol?
A.   382.31 mmol
B.   3823.1 mmol
C.   38.231 mmol
D.   3.8231 mmol
Question #12
Nitrogen has 7 electrons and can form a maximum of ________ bonds with other elements.
A.   5
B.   3
C.   2
D.   4
E.   1
Question #13
A disaccharide, such as maltose, consists of two molecules of glucose linked by what type of bond?
A.   glycosidic
B.   phosphodiester
C.   hydrogen
D.   steroid
E.   peptide
Question #14
When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood sugar levels drop back to normal, insulin secretion stops. Alternatively, when the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. When levels return to normal, glucagon secretion stops. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of what kind of regulation mechanism?
A.   positive feedback.
B.   negative feedback.
C.   protein-protein interactions.
D.   catalytic feedback.
E.   bio-informatic regulation.
Question #15
Which bonds are created during the formation of the secondary structure of a protein?
A.   disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds
B.   hydrogen bonds and peptide bonds
C.   peptide bonds
D.   hydrophobic bonds
E.   hydrogen bonds
F.   van der waals interactions
Question #16
Which level of organization is common to all life forms?
A.   colony
B.   organelle
C.   cell
D.   tissue
E.   organ
Question #17
A scientist isolates a single-celled organism from the bottom of a sulfur hot spring. When examined under the microscope, it is clear that the cell is very small and contains no nucleus. Based on this evidence alone, in what domain of life is this organism?
A.   Bacteria
B.   It is impossible to determine anything based on this evidence alone
C.   Either bacteria or archaea
D.   Archaea
E.   Eukarya
Question #18
The smallest functional units of matter that cannot be further broken down by ordinary chemical or physical means are
A.   molecules.
B.   atoms.
C.   proteins.
D.   shells.
E.   bonds.
Question #19
A dehydration reaction
A.   results in the splitting of a water molecule.
B.   is used to form polymers.
C.   breaks down complex molecules to simple ones.
D.   form glycerol and fatty acids from triglycerides.
E.   forms glucose monomers fromglycogen.
Question #20
Sulfur 35 ( 35S) is an isotope of 32S. These elements differ in their number of neutrons.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #21
Systems biology is mainly an attempt to
A.   build high-throughput machines for the rapid acquisition of biological data
B.   simplify complex problems by scaling up the problem
C.   understand the behavior of entire biological systems by creating models
D.   speed up the technological application of scientific knowledge.
E.   analyze genomes from different species.
Question #22
The cell wall is a common feature to
A.   animal cells only.
B.   plant cells only.
C.   all cells.
D.   prokaryotic cells only.
E.   prokaryotic and plant cells.
Question #23
The molarity of a solution is
A.   the weight of a solid substance.
B.   a scientific term for determining the solubility of a substance in water.
C.   often expressed as grams per unit volume.
D.   a measure of solute concentration.
E.   reflects a measure of the amount of oil dissolved in water.
Question #24
Acetic acid gives vinegar its sour taste. The functional group of this acid is
A.   −COOH.
B.   −SH.
C.   −CO.
D.   −OH.
E.   −NH 2.
Question #25
All organic molecules contain
A.   oxygen and carbon.
B.   hydrogen and oxygen.
C.   nitrogen and oxygen.
D.   hydrogen and carbon.
E.   carbon and nitrogen.
Question #26
The nucleus is to eukaryotes as the ________ is to prokaryotes.
A.   RNA strand
B.   ribosome
C.   plasmid
D.   nucleolus
E.   nucleoid
Question #27
When placed in an aqueous solution, amphipathic molecules will orient themselves with
A.   hydrophilic hydrocarbon chains in the middle and hydrophobic head groups facing the water.
B.   hydrophilic hydrocarbon chains facing the water and hydrophobic head groups in the middle.
C.   hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains in the middle and hydrophilic head groups facing the water.
D.   hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains facing the water and hydrophilic head groups in the middle.
Question #28
The function of eukaryotes membranes include
A.   barriers separating extracellular and intracellular environments.
B.   ATP synthesis.
C.   cell signaling and unselective transportation.
D.   unselective transportation.
E.   cell-to-cell adhesion, barriers separating extracellular and intracellular environments, and cell signaling.
F.   cell-to-cell adhesion.
Question #29
Cell theory or cell doctrine is based on some basic principles. Choose the description that best addresses these principles.
A.   New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.
B.   All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the smallest units of life, and new cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division.
C.   All living things are composed of one or more cells.
D.   All life is composed of two or more cells, the smallest unit of life are cells, and cell division from pre-existing cells is the only way cell continue to exist.
E.   Cells are the smallest unit of living organisms, and new cells form from pre-existing cells by cell division.
Question #30
You have two beakers. One contains pure water, the other contains pure methanol (wood alcohol). The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are non-polar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. You pour crystals of table salt (NaCl) into beaker one and beaker two. What will happen?
A.   The NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in methanol but will not dissolve in water.
B.   Equal amounts of NaCl crystals will dissolve in both water and methanol.
C.   The NaCl crystals will dissolve readily in water but will not dissolve in methanol.
D.   The NaCl crystals will NOT dissolve in either water or methanol.
E.   When the first crystals of NaCl are added to water or to methanol, they will not dissolve; but as more crystals are added, the crystals will begin to dissolve faster and faster.
Question #31
Whether the external temperature is hot or cold, birds maintain an internal body temperature of approximately 40°C. This is an example of.
A.   cellular respiration.
B.   growth and development.
C.   proteomics.
D.   metabolism.
E.   homeostasis.
Question #32
Which of the following statements is correct about cis-trans isomers?
A.   They possess the same chemical properties.
B.   They differ in their arrangement around a double bond.
C.   They have different molecular formulas.
D.   They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.
E.   Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.
Question #33
Proteins are largely responsible for the traits of living organisms, while ________ provides the blueprint for the organization, development, and function of living things.
A.   carbohydrate
B.   lipid
C.   DNA
D.   protein
E.   metabolite
Question #34
If orange juice has a pH of 4, then it can be described as
A.   an acidic solution with a H + concentration of 4.
B.   an alkaline solution.
C.   having a H+ concentration of 4.
D.   None of these choices are correct.
E.   an acidic solution.
Question #35
If lithium has an atomic number of 3 then it will have one valence electron.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #36
“All living organisms are composed of cells” is an example of what type of scientific statement?
A.   a hypothesis
B.   a discovery
C.   a prediction
D.   a fact
E.   a theory
Question #37
  
A.   quaternary
B.   primary
C.   hepternary
D.   tertiary
E.   secondary
Question #38
Amphipathic molecules
A.   tend not to interact with other molecules.
B.   possess only hydrophilic properties.
C.   possess only hydrophobic properties.
D.   possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
E.   possess neither hydrophilic nor hydrophobic properties.
Question #39
Two molecules with identical molecular formulas but different structures are called
A.   polymers.
B.   monomers.
C.   dimers.
D.   isomers.
E.   isotopes.
Question #40
You are given two nucleic acids; one RNA and the other DNA. What are the main features to determine which is the DNA?
A.   DNA will have ribose as the sugar in its backbone and DNA will have uracil instead of thymine in its nitrogenous bases.
B.   DNA will have a double-stranded structure and DNA will have thymine instead of uracil in its nitrogenous bases.
C.   DNA will have uracil instead of thymine in its nitrogenous bases.
D.   DNA will have thymine instead of uracil in its nitrogenous bases.
E.   Adenine will be present in the DNA.
F.   DNA will have a double-stranded structure.
Question #41
Tritiated hydrogen ( 3H) differs from hydrogen ( 1H) in that
A.   3H has a different electron configuration than 1H.
B.   3H has 2 more neutrons than 1H.
C.   3H has the same number of neutrons as 1H.
D.   3H has 2 more protons than 1H.
E.   3H has 2 more electrons than 1H.
Question #42
You are injecting a dye into a eukaryotic cell to detect a specific functional enzyme in the cytosol. Where would you need to inject the dye?
A.   The dye would go between the plasma membrane and membrane of the organelles.
B.   The Golgi apparatus holds the cytosol, and therefore the dye must be injected there.
C.   Injection of the dye must occur in the inner membrane space of the mitochondria.
D.   You would have to inject the dye into the membrane of the rough ER.
Question #43
The first, innermost energy shell of an atom
A.   can have a maximum of 2 electrons.
B.   can have a maximum of 8 electrons.
C.   is called the 2p orbital and can have a maximum of 2 electrons.
D.   is called the 2p orbital.
E.     
F.   is called the 1s orbital and can have a maximum of 8 electrons.
Question #44
Which of the following hydrocarbons has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?
A.   C2H2
B.   CH4
C.   C3H8
D.   C2H6
E.   C2H4
Question #45
What structure best represents a polymer?
A.   an amino acid
B.   a nucleotide
C.   a monosaccharide
D.   a fatty acid
E.   a protein
Question #46
  
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE

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