Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Complement facilitates inflammation by activating basophils and mast cells and byattracting macrophages and neutrophils.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #2
Which type of cell is the most effective to attack multicellular parasites such as tapeworms?
A.
Eosinophils
B.
Macrophages
C.
Basophils
D.
Neutrophils
Question #3
Inflammation is a(n)
A.
antigen-specific process that occurs in avascular tissue.
B.
nonspecific processthat occurs in avascular tissue.
C.
nonspecific processthat occurs in vascularized tissue.
D.
antigen-specific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.
Question #4
The second signal during B-lymphocyte activation involves stimulation from
A.
antibodiesreleased by antigens.
B.
bradykinin released by antigen-presenting cells.
C.
IL-2 released bycytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
D.
IL-4 released byhelper T-lymphocytes.
Question #5
A variety of lymphatic cells are involved in the immune response. Which is not part of the process?
A.
Production of antibodies
B.
Replication of antigens
C.
Formation of memory cells
D.
Direct attack and destruction of foreign or abnormal agents
Question #6
Cytokines are agents that affect neighboring cells without triggering systemic effects.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #7
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by
A.
decreasing thepermeability of infected cells and preventing apoptosis.
B.
increasing thepermeability of infected cells and preventing apoptosis.
C.
increasing thepermeability of infected cells and inducing apoptosis.
D.
decreasing thepermeability of infected cells and inducing apoptosis.
Question #8
The second signal during cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation involves stimulation of the cell by interleukin 2 released by helper T-lymphocytes.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
Elevated antibody production during a primary response generally lasts for months or years, whereas antibody production in secondary responses decreases to baseline levelgenerally within a couple of weeks.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #10
Opsonization involves
A.
activation of NK cells, and it is a function of the antigen-binding site of the antibody.
B.
marking a target for phagocytosis, and it is facilitated by interaction of the Fc region of the antibody with a phagocyte.
C.
cross-linkingseveral antigens together so that they are no longer soluble, and it isfacilitated by the Fc region of the antibody.
D.
fixation ofantibodies in the IgG and IgM classes, and it involves the antigen-binding siteof the antibody.
Question #11
A delayed response to a specific antigen is provided by
A.
inflammation.
B.
adaptiveimmunity.
C.
innateimmunity.
Question #12
When a chemical messenger has a short half-life, it means that
A.
it will not beeliminated quickly from the blood.
B.
it will not have anextremely prolonged effecton target cells.
Question #13
Which is not one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?
A.
Redness
B.
Loss of function
C.
Heat
D.
Numbness
E.
Swelling
Question #14
The microglia of the brain are macrophages.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
When compared to a primary response, the antibody levels in a secondary response
A.
rise more rapidlyand with a smaller proportion of IgG antibodies.
B.
rise more rapidlyand with a greater proportion of IgG antibodies.
C.
rise moregradually and with a smaller proportion of IgG antibodies.
D.
rise moregradually and with a greater proportion of IgG antibodies.
Question #16
Epinephrine, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone each cause an increase in blood pressure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #17
When resistance is high, a larger blood pressure gradient must be produced to maintain adequate blood flow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #18
The stomach needs the celiac artery blood supply in order to receive blood.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #19
Systolic pressure is greater than diastolic pressure due to the force generated by ventricular contraction.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
What branches arise directlyfrom the celiac trunk?
A.
Left gastric, left gastroepiploic, and splenic arteries
B.
Left gastric and splenic arteries
C.
Left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries
D.
Left gastric and common hepatic arteries
E.
Left gastroepiploic and splenic arteries
Question #21
The artery that bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery is the
A.
brachiocephalicartery.
B.
right common iliacartery.
C.
superior venacava.
D.
right coronaryartery.
E.
right brachialartery.
Question #22
High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate
A.
chemoreceptors toactivate the vasomotor center.
B.
baroreceptors toactivate the vasomotor center.
C.
baroreceptors toactivate the cardioinhibitory center and inhibit the cardioacceleratorycenter.
D.
chemoreceptors toinhibit the vasomotor center.
E.
baroreceptors andchemoreceptors to activate the cardioinhibitory center and inhibit thevasomotor center.
Question #23
Which of the following supplies blood to the abdominal wall?
A.
Subclavian arteries
B.
Posterior intercostal arteries
C.
Lumbar arteries
D.
Median sacral artery
Question #24
Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?
A.
Systemicarteries
B.
Pulmonaryarteries
C.
Pulmonary veins
D.
Systemic veins
Question #25
Low blood pressure may cause the net hydrostatic pressure of a capillary to be less than normal. This will result in a(n) ______ net filtration pressure.
A.
unchanged
B.
increased
C.
decreased
Question #26
Which statement is accurate?
A.
Filtrationdominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostaticpressure.
B.
Filtrationdominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostaticpressure.
C.
Filtrationdominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmoticpressure.
D.
Filtrationdominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmoticpressure.
Question #27
The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it
A.
passes above thetenth thoracic vertebra.
B.
passes above theinguinal ligament.
C.
merges with thepopliteal vein.
D.
merges with theinternal iliacvein.
Question #28
A portal system
A.
is one in which multiple arteriesconverge on one organ or body region.
B.
is one in whichcirculation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal)vein.
C.
includes afunctional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis.
D.
is a simplecirculatory system with an areriovenous anastomosis.
E.
is one in whichblood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.
Question #29
Slow blood flow in the capillaries allows time for exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #30
The internal thoracic artery will become the _________, which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.
A.
inferior epigastricartery
B.
musculophrenicartery
C.
None of the answers is correct.
D.
superior epigastricartery
E.
anteriorintercostal arteries
Question #31
The popliteal artery supplies the
A.
knee joint.
B.
hip joint.
C.
elbow joint.
D.
palmar region.
Question #32
Precapillary sphincters will
A.
open when thetissue needs nutrients.
B.
cause blood to flowdirectly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
C.
close when thetissue’s needs have been met.
D.
control blood flowinto the true capillaries.
E.
control blood flowinto the true capillaries,close when thetissue’s needs have been met, open when thetissue needs nutrients, and cause blood to flowdirectly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
Question #33
Filtration and reabsorption are processes that involve water (a solvent) but not solutes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
Which is the most common type of capillary?
A.
Sinusoids
B.
Venules
C.
Continuous
D.
Fenestrated
E.
Discontinuous
Question #35
Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper appendage?
A.
Subclavian artery - brachial artery - axillary artery - radial artery
B.
Axillary artery - brachial artery - subclavian artery - ulnar artery
C.
Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery
D.
Axillary artery - subclavian artery - radial artery - ulnar artery
E.
Brachial artery - subclavian artery - axillary artery - radial artery
Question #36
The pulsing of arteries that are adjacent to lymphatic vessels provides a pressure on the vessels that helps them propel the lymph.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #37
A.
removal of fatsfrom the blood and inflammatory responses.
B.
neural support andblood sugar control.
C.
blood cellproduction and endocrine function.
D.
immunity and fluidbalance.
E.
endocrine functionand neural support.
Question #38
Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?
A.
Cervical lymph nodes
B.
Inguinal lymph nodes
C.
Axillary lymph nodes
D.
Abdominal lymph nodes
E.
Thoracic lymph nodes
Question #39
Lymph contains protein.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #40
Subclavian trunks drain lymph from the
A.
deep thoracicstructures.
B.
head and neck.
C.
upper limbs,breasts, and superficial thorax.
D.
abdominopelvicwall.
Question #41
Which lymphatic organ contains red pulp and white pulp?
A.
Thymus gland and lymph nodes
B.
Thymus gland
C.
Lymph nodes
D.
Spleen and lymph nodes
E.
Spleen
Question #42
The cortex of a lymph node contains multiple lymphatic nodules.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
The walls of lymphatic capillaries are only one cell thick.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lymph contains red blood cells.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #45
The thymus is at its maximum size
A.
in old age.
B.
at puberty.
C.
at birth.
D.
between 30 and 50years of age.
Question #46
Lymphatic capillaries originate in the
A.
tissue spacesbetween cells.
B.
peripheral nervoussystem ganglia.
C.
red bonemarrow.
D.
cisternachyli.
E.
yellow bonemarrow.
Question #47
The spleen is considered a primary lymphatic structure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #48
In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?
A.
Left lower quadrant
B.
Left upper quadrant
C.
Right lower quadrant
D.
Right upper quadrant
Question #49
The walls ofthe smallest lymphatic vessels contain muscle tissue that rhythmically propels lymph through the system.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
The thymus gland begins to atrophy immediatelyafter birth.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
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