Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2
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Question #1
Complement facilitates inflammation by activating basophils and mast cells and byattracting macrophages and neutrophils.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #2
Which type of cell is the most effective to attack multicellular parasites such as tapeworms?
A.
Neutrophils
B.
Macrophages
C.
Eosinophils
D.
Basophils
Question #3
Inflammation is a(n)
A.
nonspecific processthat occurs in vascularized tissue.
B.
antigen-specific process that occurs in vascularized tissue.
C.
nonspecific processthat occurs in avascular tissue.
D.
antigen-specific process that occurs in avascular tissue.
Question #4
The second signal during B-lymphocyte activation involves stimulation from
A.
IL-4 released byhelper T-lymphocytes.
B.
IL-2 released bycytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
C.
bradykinin released by antigen-presenting cells.
D.
antibodiesreleased by antigens.
Question #5
A variety of lymphatic cells are involved in the immune response. Which is not part of the process?
A.
Direct attack and destruction of foreign or abnormal agents
B.
Replication of antigens
C.
Formation of memory cells
D.
Production of antibodies
Question #6
Cytokines are agents that affect neighboring cells without triggering systemic effects.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #7
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by
A.
decreasing thepermeability of infected cells and preventing apoptosis.
B.
increasing thepermeability of infected cells and preventing apoptosis.
C.
decreasing thepermeability of infected cells and inducing apoptosis.
D.
increasing thepermeability of infected cells and inducing apoptosis.
Question #8
The second signal during cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation involves stimulation of the cell by interleukin 2 released by helper T-lymphocytes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #9
Elevated antibody production during a primary response generally lasts for months or years, whereas antibody production in secondary responses decreases to baseline levelgenerally within a couple of weeks.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #10
Opsonization involves
A.
activation of NK cells, and it is a function of the antigen-binding site of the antibody.
B.
marking a target for phagocytosis, and it is facilitated by interaction of the Fc region of the antibody with a phagocyte.
C.
cross-linkingseveral antigens together so that they are no longer soluble, and it isfacilitated by the Fc region of the antibody.
D.
fixation ofantibodies in the IgG and IgM classes, and it involves the antigen-binding siteof the antibody.
Question #11
A delayed response to a specific antigen is provided by
A.
innateimmunity.
B.
adaptiveimmunity.
C.
inflammation.
Question #12
When a chemical messenger has a short half-life, it means that
A.
it will not beeliminated quickly from the blood.
B.
it will not have anextremely prolonged effecton target cells.
Question #13
Which is not one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?
A.
Loss of function
B.
Swelling
C.
Redness
D.
Numbness
E.
Heat
Question #14
The microglia of the brain are macrophages.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
When compared to a primary response, the antibody levels in a secondary response
A.
rise moregradually and with a greater proportion of IgG antibodies.
B.
rise more rapidlyand with a smaller proportion of IgG antibodies.
C.
rise more rapidlyand with a greater proportion of IgG antibodies.
D.
rise moregradually and with a smaller proportion of IgG antibodies.
Question #16
Epinephrine, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone each cause an increase in blood pressure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #17
When resistance is high, a larger blood pressure gradient must be produced to maintain adequate blood flow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #18
The stomach needs the celiac artery blood supply in order to receive blood.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #19
Systolic pressure is greater than diastolic pressure due to the force generated by ventricular contraction.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
What branches arise directlyfrom the celiac trunk?
A.
Left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries
B.
Left gastric and common hepatic arteries
C.
Left gastroepiploic and splenic arteries
D.
Left gastric, left gastroepiploic, and splenic arteries
E.
Left gastric and splenic arteries
Question #21
The artery that bifurcates into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery is the
A.
right brachialartery.
B.
brachiocephalicartery.
C.
right coronaryartery.
D.
right common iliacartery.
E.
superior venacava.
Question #22
High carbon dioxide levels and low pH in blood of the carotid arteries will stimulate
A.
baroreceptors andchemoreceptors to activate the cardioinhibitory center and inhibit thevasomotor center.
B.
chemoreceptors toactivate the vasomotor center.
C.
chemoreceptors toinhibit the vasomotor center.
D.
baroreceptors toactivate the cardioinhibitory center and inhibit the cardioacceleratorycenter.
E.
baroreceptors toactivate the vasomotor center.
Question #23
Which of the following supplies blood to the abdominal wall?
A.
Lumbar arteries
B.
Posterior intercostal arteries
C.
Subclavian arteries
D.
Median sacral artery
Question #24
Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?
A.
Pulmonaryarteries
B.
Pulmonary veins
C.
Systemicarteries
D.
Systemic veins
Question #25
Low blood pressure may cause the net hydrostatic pressure of a capillary to be less than normal. This will result in a(n) ______ net filtration pressure.
A.
unchanged
B.
increased
C.
decreased
Question #26
Which statement is accurate?
A.
Filtrationdominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostaticpressure.
B.
Filtrationdominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostaticpressure.
C.
Filtrationdominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmoticpressure.
D.
Filtrationdominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmoticpressure.
Question #27
The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it
A.
merges with theinternal iliacvein.
B.
passes above thetenth thoracic vertebra.
C.
passes above theinguinal ligament.
D.
merges with thepopliteal vein.
Question #28
A portal system
A.
is one in whichcirculation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal)vein.
B.
includes afunctional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis.
C.
is one in whichblood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.
D.
is one in which multiple arteriesconverge on one organ or body region.
E.
is a simplecirculatory system with an areriovenous anastomosis.
Question #29
Slow blood flow in the capillaries allows time for exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #30
The internal thoracic artery will become the _________, which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.
A.
inferior epigastricartery
B.
musculophrenicartery
C.
None of the answers is correct.
D.
anteriorintercostal arteries
E.
superior epigastricartery
Question #31
The popliteal artery supplies the
A.
knee joint.
B.
hip joint.
C.
elbow joint.
D.
palmar region.
Question #32
Precapillary sphincters will
A.
control blood flowinto the true capillaries.
B.
control blood flowinto the true capillaries,close when thetissue’s needs have been met, open when thetissue needs nutrients, and cause blood to flowdirectly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
C.
close when thetissue’s needs have been met.
D.
cause blood to flowdirectly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
E.
open when thetissue needs nutrients.
Question #33
Filtration and reabsorption are processes that involve water (a solvent) but not solutes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
Which is the most common type of capillary?
A.
Sinusoids
B.
Venules
C.
Continuous
D.
Discontinuous
E.
Fenestrated
Question #35
Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper appendage?
A.
Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery
B.
Axillary artery - brachial artery - subclavian artery - ulnar artery
C.
Axillary artery - subclavian artery - radial artery - ulnar artery
D.
Brachial artery - subclavian artery - axillary artery - radial artery
E.
Subclavian artery - brachial artery - axillary artery - radial artery
Question #36
The pulsing of arteries that are adjacent to lymphatic vessels provides a pressure on the vessels that helps them propel the lymph.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #37
A.
blood cellproduction and endocrine function.
B.
neural support andblood sugar control.
C.
removal of fatsfrom the blood and inflammatory responses.
D.
immunity and fluidbalance.
E.
endocrine functionand neural support.
Question #38
Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?
A.
Thoracic lymph nodes
B.
Inguinal lymph nodes
C.
Abdominal lymph nodes
D.
Axillary lymph nodes
E.
Cervical lymph nodes
Question #39
Lymph contains protein.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #40
Subclavian trunks drain lymph from the
A.
upper limbs,breasts, and superficial thorax.
B.
head and neck.
C.
deep thoracicstructures.
D.
abdominopelvicwall.
Question #41
Which lymphatic organ contains red pulp and white pulp?
A.
Spleen
B.
Spleen and lymph nodes
C.
Thymus gland and lymph nodes
D.
Thymus gland
E.
Lymph nodes
Question #42
The cortex of a lymph node contains multiple lymphatic nodules.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
The walls of lymphatic capillaries are only one cell thick.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Lymph contains red blood cells.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #45
The thymus is at its maximum size
A.
at puberty.
B.
between 30 and 50years of age.
C.
at birth.
D.
in old age.
Question #46
Lymphatic capillaries originate in the
A.
peripheral nervoussystem ganglia.
B.
cisternachyli.
C.
yellow bonemarrow.
D.
red bonemarrow.
E.
tissue spacesbetween cells.
Question #47
The spleen is considered a primary lymphatic structure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #48
In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?
A.
Left lower quadrant
B.
Right lower quadrant
C.
Left upper quadrant
D.
Right upper quadrant
Question #49
The walls ofthe smallest lymphatic vessels contain muscle tissue that rhythmically propels lymph through the system.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
The thymus gland begins to atrophy immediatelyafter birth.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
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