Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2 (1)
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Question #1
The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the _____ and _____ arteries.
A.
axillary; subclavian
B.
axillary; brachial
C.
ulnar; brachial
D.
radial; ulnar
E.
radial; brachial
Question #2
The hepatic portal system allows for the processing of
A.
drugs and toxinsin the blood so that they are secreted directly into the urine.
B.
hormones that aresecreted by glands and must be directed to their target organs.
C.
nutrients andtoxins absorbed from the gastrointestinal system into the blood.
D.
bacteria that growin the large intestine but need to be regulated.
Question #3
Which statement is accurate?
A.
Filtrationdominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmoticpressure.
B.
Filtrationdominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostaticpressure.
C.
Filtrationdominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmoticpressure.
D.
Filtrationdominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostaticpressure.
Question #4
Filtration and reabsorption are processes that involve water (a solvent) but not solutes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #5
Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper appendage?
A.
Brachial artery - subclavian artery - axillary artery - radial artery
B.
Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery
C.
Subclavian artery - brachial artery - axillary artery - radial artery
D.
Axillary artery - brachial artery - subclavian artery - ulnar artery
E.
Axillary artery - subclavian artery - radial artery - ulnar artery
Question #6
Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?
A.
Systemicarteries
B.
Pulmonaryarteries
C.
Systemic veins
D.
Pulmonary veins
Question #7
In general, as an artery’s diameter decreases, the artery walls show
A.
a decrease in bothsmooth muscle and elastic fibers and an increase in areolar connectivetissue.
B.
a decrease in therelative amountof smooth muscle and an increase in the relativeamountof elastic fibers.
C.
an increase inrelative amounts ofsmooth muscle and elastic fibers and a decrease inendothelium.
D.
an increase in therelativeamount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the relativeamountof elastic fibers.
Question #8
The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form ________ veins; all of these veins are _______ veins.
A.
cephalic,superficial
B.
cephalic, deep
C.
brachial, deep
D.
brachial,superficial
Question #9
As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins
A.
show no change intheir lumen size.
B.
get larger.
C.
get smaller.
Question #10
A venule becomes a vein when its diameter is greater than ____ micrometers.
A.
1
B.
1000
C.
10
D.
100
Question #11
The internal thoracic artery will become the _________, which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.
A.
superior epigastricartery
B.
None of the answers is correct.
C.
inferior epigastricartery
D.
musculophrenicartery
E.
anteriorintercostal arteries
Question #12
Which of the following supplies blood to the abdominal wall?
A.
Median sacral artery
B.
Lumbar arteries
C.
Subclavian arteries
D.
Posterior intercostal arteries
Question #13
Blood hydrostatic pressure in systemic capillaries is greater than interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #14
The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the
A.
brachiocephalicartery.
B.
None of these answers is correct.
C.
subclavianarteries.
D.
common carotidarteries.
E.
common iliacarteries.
Question #15
Pulmonary veins carry blood toward the left atrium of the heart.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Which of the following vessel types typically has the thickest tunica media?
A.
Veins
B.
Capillaries
C.
Arteries
Question #17
During a dangerous situation, the sympathetic nervous system causes widespread vasoconstriction, raising systemic blood pressure. This is an example of the myogenic response.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #18
Imagine someone who drank too much water before running a race. Their very watery blood would have
A.
high viscosity andtherefore havelow resistance.
B.
low viscosity andtherefore havehigh resistance.
C.
high viscosity andtherefore havehigh resistance.
D.
low viscosity andtherefore havelow resistance.
Question #19
Precapillary sphincters will
A.
open when thetissue needs nutrients.
B.
open when thetissue needs nutrients, control blood flowinto the true capillaries, and cause blood to flowdirectly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
C.
close when thetissue’s needs have been met.
D.
control blood flowinto the true capillaries.
E.
cause blood to flowdirectly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
Question #20
Tissue damage can trigger local release of histamine, which can
A.
stimulate releaseof nitric oxide, a vasoconstrictor.
B.
stimulate releaseof nitric oxide, a vasodilator.
C.
inhibit release ofnitric oxide, a vasoconstrictor.
D.
inhibit release ofnitric oxide, a vasodilator.
Question #21
The thymus is at its maximum size
A.
in old age.
B.
between 30 and 50years of age.
C.
at birth.
D.
at puberty.
Question #22
Which would be the route taken by lymph traveling from lymphatic vessels in the right leg to the bloodstream?
A.
Right femoral trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein
B.
Right femoral trunk - right lumbar trunk - right lymphatic duct - superior vena cava
C.
Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein
D.
Right lumbar trunk - right intestinal trunk - right lymphatic duct - right subclavian vein
E.
Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - right subclavian vein
Question #23
Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?
A.
Thoracic lymph nodes
B.
Abdominal lymph nodes
C.
Cervical lymph nodes
D.
Axillary lymph nodes
E.
Inguinal lymph nodes
Question #24
The cortex of a lymph node contains multiple lymphatic nodules.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #25
Because lymphatic vessels have three tunics (intima, media, and externa) and valves, they structurally resemble
A.
arterioles.
B.
veins.
C.
capillaries.
D.
arteries.
Question #26
Tonsils are secondary lymphatic structures.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #27
When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why?
A.
The axillarylymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.
B.
It is impossibleto remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes.
C.
The nerves thatsupply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery.
D.
With the removalof the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering inthat part of the body.
E.
In removing thebreast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably ceaseto function.
Question #28
Which part of a thymic lobule contains mature lymphocytes?
A.
Capsule
B.
Trabecula
C.
Medulla
D.
Cortex
Question #29
One of the functions of the spleen is phagocytosis of bacteria in the blood.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #30
The spleen is essentially a giant lymph node, because it is encapsulated, has trabeculae, and filters lymph to remove antigens.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #31
Which are not tonsils?
A.
Palatoglossal tonsils
B.
Adenoids
C.
Lingual tonsils
D.
Palatine tonsils
E.
Pharyngeal tonsils
Question #32
Red marrow is found within
A.
all osseous tissueof the appendicular skeleton.
B.
the large cavitiescontained within the shafts of long bone.
C.
compact bonecanals.
D.
spaces withinspongy bone.
Question #33
Lymph contains protein.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are
A.
secreted bysalivary glands.
B.
in the blood.
C.
ingested orinhaled.
D.
in the lymph.
Question #35
MALT is found in which layer of the wall of a hollow organ?
A.
Epithelial
B.
Submucosa
C.
Lamina propria
D.
Muscularisexterna
Question #36
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by releasing
A.
bradykinin andhistamine.
B.
perforin andgranzymes.
C.
antibodies.
D.
CD4 +.
Question #37
Which type of cell is the most effective to attack multicellular parasites such as tapeworms?
A.
Neutrophils
B.
Basophils
C.
Macrophages
D.
Eosinophils
Question #38
Dendritic cells of the skin are derived from
A.
neutrophils.
B.
T-lymphocytes.
C.
monocytes.
D.
macrophages.
E.
B-lymphocytes.
Question #39
Which type of antibody is formed in response to parasitic infections and allergies, and has the effect of activating mast cells and basophils?
A.
IgG
B.
IgD
C.
IgE
D.
IgB
E.
IgA
Question #40
B-lymphocytes cannot bind directly with an antigen, and so require presentation by another type of cell.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #41
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that have killed a foreign cell may transform into
A.
helperT-lymphocytes.
B.
memoryB-lymphocytes.
C.
None of the choices is correct.
D.
plasma cells.
E.
natural killercells.
Question #42
Cytokines are agents that affect neighboring cells without triggering systemic effects.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
What are considered the effectors of humoral immunity?
A.
CytotoxicT-lymphocytes
B.
Antibodies
C.
HelperT-lymphocytes
D.
Natural killer cells
E.
Macrophages
Question #44
Nonspecific immunity is another name for
A.
adaptive immunity.
B.
cell-mediatedimmunity.
C.
innateimmunity.
D.
acquired immunity.
Question #45
A fever __________ reproduction of bacteria and ___________ CAMs on the endothelium of capillaries of lymph nodes.
A.
stimulates; decreases
B.
stimulates; increases
C.
inhibits; decreases
D.
inhibits; increases
Question #46
One of the goals of an inflammatory response is to prevent the spread of an infection.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #47
Negative selection is the process by which cells learn self-tolerance.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #48
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by
A.
increasing thepermeability of infected cells and inducing apoptosis.
B.
decreasing thepermeability of infected cells and inducing apoptosis.
C.
increasing thepermeability of infected cells and preventing apoptosis.
D.
decreasing thepermeability of infected cells and preventing apoptosis.
Question #49
Interleukin 1 and interferons act as
A.
pyrogens andtrigger an elevation of body temperature.
B.
pyrogens andtrigger a decreaseof body temperature.
C.
defervescents andtrigger an elevation of body temperature.
D.
defervescents andtrigger a decrease of body temperature.
Question #50
The second signal during B-lymphocyte activation involves stimulation from
A.
IL-2 released bycytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
B.
IL-4 released byhelper T-lymphocytes.
C.
bradykinin released by antigen-presenting cells.
D.
antibodiesreleased by antigens.
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