Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2 (1)
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Question #1
The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the _____ and _____ arteries.
A.
axillary; brachial
B.
ulnar; brachial
C.
radial; brachial
D.
radial; ulnar
E.
axillary; subclavian
Question #2
The hepatic portal system allows for the processing of
A.
nutrients andtoxins absorbed from the gastrointestinal system into the blood.
B.
hormones that aresecreted by glands and must be directed to their target organs.
C.
drugs and toxinsin the blood so that they are secreted directly into the urine.
D.
bacteria that growin the large intestine but need to be regulated.
Question #3
Which statement is accurate?
A.
Filtrationdominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmoticpressure.
B.
Filtrationdominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostaticpressure.
C.
Filtrationdominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostaticpressure.
D.
Filtrationdominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmoticpressure.
Question #4
Filtration and reabsorption are processes that involve water (a solvent) but not solutes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #5
Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper appendage?
A.
Brachial artery - subclavian artery - axillary artery - radial artery
B.
Subclavian artery - brachial artery - axillary artery - radial artery
C.
Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery
D.
Axillary artery - brachial artery - subclavian artery - ulnar artery
E.
Axillary artery - subclavian artery - radial artery - ulnar artery
Question #6
Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?
A.
Systemicarteries
B.
Systemic veins
C.
Pulmonary veins
D.
Pulmonaryarteries
Question #7
In general, as an artery’s diameter decreases, the artery walls show
A.
a decrease in bothsmooth muscle and elastic fibers and an increase in areolar connectivetissue.
B.
an increase in therelativeamount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the relativeamountof elastic fibers.
C.
a decrease in therelative amountof smooth muscle and an increase in the relativeamountof elastic fibers.
D.
an increase inrelative amounts ofsmooth muscle and elastic fibers and a decrease inendothelium.
Question #8
The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form ________ veins; all of these veins are _______ veins.
A.
brachial,superficial
B.
brachial, deep
C.
cephalic, deep
D.
cephalic,superficial
Question #9
As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins
A.
get larger.
B.
show no change intheir lumen size.
C.
get smaller.
Question #10
A venule becomes a vein when its diameter is greater than ____ micrometers.
A.
10
B.
1000
C.
1
D.
100
Question #11
The internal thoracic artery will become the _________, which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.
A.
anteriorintercostal arteries
B.
musculophrenicartery
C.
None of the answers is correct.
D.
superior epigastricartery
E.
inferior epigastricartery
Question #12
Which of the following supplies blood to the abdominal wall?
A.
Median sacral artery
B.
Posterior intercostal arteries
C.
Subclavian arteries
D.
Lumbar arteries
Question #13
Blood hydrostatic pressure in systemic capillaries is greater than interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #14
The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the
A.
None of these answers is correct.
B.
common iliacarteries.
C.
common carotidarteries.
D.
brachiocephalicartery.
E.
subclavianarteries.
Question #15
Pulmonary veins carry blood toward the left atrium of the heart.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #16
Which of the following vessel types typically has the thickest tunica media?
A.
Veins
B.
Arteries
C.
Capillaries
Question #17
During a dangerous situation, the sympathetic nervous system causes widespread vasoconstriction, raising systemic blood pressure. This is an example of the myogenic response.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #18
Imagine someone who drank too much water before running a race. Their very watery blood would have
A.
high viscosity andtherefore havelow resistance.
B.
high viscosity andtherefore havehigh resistance.
C.
low viscosity andtherefore havehigh resistance.
D.
low viscosity andtherefore havelow resistance.
Question #19
Precapillary sphincters will
A.
open when thetissue needs nutrients, control blood flowinto the true capillaries, and cause blood to flowdirectly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
B.
close when thetissue’s needs have been met.
C.
control blood flowinto the true capillaries.
D.
cause blood to flowdirectly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
E.
open when thetissue needs nutrients.
Question #20
Tissue damage can trigger local release of histamine, which can
A.
inhibit release ofnitric oxide, a vasoconstrictor.
B.
stimulate releaseof nitric oxide, a vasodilator.
C.
stimulate releaseof nitric oxide, a vasoconstrictor.
D.
inhibit release ofnitric oxide, a vasodilator.
Question #21
The thymus is at its maximum size
A.
at puberty.
B.
between 30 and 50years of age.
C.
at birth.
D.
in old age.
Question #22
Which would be the route taken by lymph traveling from lymphatic vessels in the right leg to the bloodstream?
A.
Right lumbar trunk - right intestinal trunk - right lymphatic duct - right subclavian vein
B.
Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein
C.
Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - right subclavian vein
D.
Right femoral trunk - right lumbar trunk - right lymphatic duct - superior vena cava
E.
Right femoral trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein
Question #23
Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?
A.
Inguinal lymph nodes
B.
Thoracic lymph nodes
C.
Abdominal lymph nodes
D.
Cervical lymph nodes
E.
Axillary lymph nodes
Question #24
The cortex of a lymph node contains multiple lymphatic nodules.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #25
Because lymphatic vessels have three tunics (intima, media, and externa) and valves, they structurally resemble
A.
arteries.
B.
arterioles.
C.
capillaries.
D.
veins.
Question #26
Tonsils are secondary lymphatic structures.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #27
When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why?
A.
The axillarylymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.
B.
In removing thebreast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably ceaseto function.
C.
With the removalof the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering inthat part of the body.
D.
The nerves thatsupply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery.
E.
It is impossibleto remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes.
Question #28
Which part of a thymic lobule contains mature lymphocytes?
A.
Trabecula
B.
Capsule
C.
Cortex
D.
Medulla
Question #29
One of the functions of the spleen is phagocytosis of bacteria in the blood.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #30
The spleen is essentially a giant lymph node, because it is encapsulated, has trabeculae, and filters lymph to remove antigens.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #31
Which are not tonsils?
A.
Adenoids
B.
Lingual tonsils
C.
Pharyngeal tonsils
D.
Palatine tonsils
E.
Palatoglossal tonsils
Question #32
Red marrow is found within
A.
spaces withinspongy bone.
B.
all osseous tissueof the appendicular skeleton.
C.
compact bonecanals.
D.
the large cavitiescontained within the shafts of long bone.
Question #33
Lymph contains protein.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are
A.
secreted bysalivary glands.
B.
in the blood.
C.
ingested orinhaled.
D.
in the lymph.
Question #35
MALT is found in which layer of the wall of a hollow organ?
A.
Lamina propria
B.
Epithelial
C.
Submucosa
D.
Muscularisexterna
Question #36
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by releasing
A.
antibodies.
B.
CD4 +.
C.
perforin andgranzymes.
D.
bradykinin andhistamine.
Question #37
A.
Eosinophils
B.
Neutrophils
C.
Basophils
D.
Macrophages
Question #38
Dendritic cells of the skin are derived from
A.
T-lymphocytes.
B.
neutrophils.
C.
monocytes.
D.
macrophages.
E.
B-lymphocytes.
Question #39
Which type of antibody is formed in response to parasitic infections and allergies, and has the effect of activating mast cells and basophils?
A.
IgA
B.
IgD
C.
IgE
D.
IgB
E.
IgG
Question #40
B-lymphocytes cannot bind directly with an antigen, and so require presentation by another type of cell.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #41
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that have killed a foreign cell may transform into
A.
helperT-lymphocytes.
B.
natural killercells.
C.
plasma cells.
D.
memoryB-lymphocytes.
E.
None of the choices is correct.
Question #42
Cytokines are agents that affect neighboring cells without triggering systemic effects.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #43
What are considered the effectors of humoral immunity?
A.
Macrophages
B.
Natural killer cells
C.
HelperT-lymphocytes
D.
Antibodies
E.
CytotoxicT-lymphocytes
Question #44
Nonspecific immunity is another name for
A.
cell-mediatedimmunity.
B.
adaptive immunity.
C.
innateimmunity.
D.
acquired immunity.
Question #45
A fever __________ reproduction of bacteria and ___________ CAMs on the endothelium of capillaries of lymph nodes.
A.
inhibits; decreases
B.
stimulates; increases
C.
inhibits; increases
D.
stimulates; decreases
Question #46
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #47
Negative selection is the process by which cells learn self-tolerance.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #48
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by
A.
increasing thepermeability of infected cells and preventing apoptosis.
B.
decreasing thepermeability of infected cells and preventing apoptosis.
C.
increasing thepermeability of infected cells and inducing apoptosis.
D.
decreasing thepermeability of infected cells and inducing apoptosis.
Question #49
Interleukin 1 and interferons act as
A.
pyrogens andtrigger an elevation of body temperature.
B.
defervescents andtrigger an elevation of body temperature.
C.
defervescents andtrigger a decrease of body temperature.
D.
pyrogens andtrigger a decreaseof body temperature.
Question #50
The second signal during B-lymphocyte activation involves stimulation from
A.
bradykinin released by antigen-presenting cells.
B.
antibodiesreleased by antigens.
C.
IL-2 released bycytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
D.
IL-4 released byhelper T-lymphocytes.
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