Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Spring 2021 » Lecture Exam 2 (1)
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Question #1
The arteries that anastomose and form the two arterial arches in the palm are the _____ and _____ arteries.
A.
axillary; brachial
B.
axillary; subclavian
C.
radial; ulnar
D.
radial; brachial
E.
ulnar; brachial
Question #2
The hepatic portal system allows for the processing of
A.
bacteria that growin the large intestine but need to be regulated.
B.
hormones that aresecreted by glands and must be directed to their target organs.
C.
drugs and toxinsin the blood so that they are secreted directly into the urine.
D.
nutrients andtoxins absorbed from the gastrointestinal system into the blood.
Question #3
Which statement is accurate?
A.
Filtrationdominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmoticpressure.
B.
Filtrationdominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by osmoticpressure.
C.
Filtrationdominates at the venous end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostaticpressure.
D.
Filtrationdominates at the arterial end of a capillary bed, and is driven by hydrostaticpressure.
Question #4
Filtration and reabsorption are processes that involve water (a solvent) but not solutes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #5
Which sequence indicates the correct pathway for blood in the arterial flow of the upper appendage?
A.
Axillary artery - subclavian artery - radial artery - ulnar artery
B.
Axillary artery - brachial artery - subclavian artery - ulnar artery
C.
Subclavian artery - brachial artery - axillary artery - radial artery
D.
Subclavian artery - axillary artery - brachial artery - ulnar artery
E.
Brachial artery - subclavian artery - axillary artery - radial artery
Question #6
Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood?
A.
Pulmonary veins
B.
Systemicarteries
C.
Systemic veins
D.
Pulmonaryarteries
Question #7
In general, as an artery’s diameter decreases, the artery walls show
A.
an increase inrelative amounts ofsmooth muscle and elastic fibers and a decrease inendothelium.
B.
a decrease in therelative amountof smooth muscle and an increase in the relativeamountof elastic fibers.
C.
a decrease in bothsmooth muscle and elastic fibers and an increase in areolar connectivetissue.
D.
an increase in therelativeamount of smooth muscle and a decrease in the relativeamountof elastic fibers.
Question #8
The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form ________ veins; all of these veins are _______ veins.
A.
brachial,superficial
B.
brachial, deep
C.
cephalic, deep
D.
cephalic,superficial
Question #9
As a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins
A.
get smaller.
B.
get larger.
C.
show no change intheir lumen size.
Question #10
A venule becomes a vein when its diameter is greater than ____ micrometers.
A.
1
B.
10
C.
100
D.
1000
Question #11
The internal thoracic artery will become the _________, which carries blood to the superior abdominal wall.
A.
None of the answers is correct.
B.
musculophrenicartery
C.
anteriorintercostal arteries
D.
superior epigastricartery
E.
inferior epigastricartery
Question #12
Which of the following supplies blood to the abdominal wall?
A.
Posterior intercostal arteries
B.
Subclavian arteries
C.
Median sacral artery
D.
Lumbar arteries
Question #13
Blood hydrostatic pressure in systemic capillaries is greater than interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #14
The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the
A.
subclavianarteries.
B.
common carotidarteries.
C.
brachiocephalicartery.
D.
common iliacarteries.
E.
None of these answers is correct.
Question #15
Pulmonary veins carry blood toward the left atrium of the heart.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Which of the following vessel types typically has the thickest tunica media?
A.
Arteries
B.
Veins
C.
Capillaries
Question #17
During a dangerous situation, the sympathetic nervous system causes widespread vasoconstriction, raising systemic blood pressure. This is an example of the myogenic response.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #18
Imagine someone who drank too much water before running a race. Their very watery blood would have
A.
high viscosity andtherefore havehigh resistance.
B.
low viscosity andtherefore havelow resistance.
C.
low viscosity andtherefore havehigh resistance.
D.
high viscosity andtherefore havelow resistance.
Question #19
Precapillary sphincters will
A.
control blood flowinto the true capillaries.
B.
close when thetissue’s needs have been met.
C.
cause blood to flowdirectly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
D.
open when thetissue needs nutrients, control blood flowinto the true capillaries, and cause blood to flowdirectly from the metarteriole into the postcapillary venule.
E.
open when thetissue needs nutrients.
Question #20
Tissue damage can trigger local release of histamine, which can
A.
inhibit release ofnitric oxide, a vasoconstrictor.
B.
stimulate releaseof nitric oxide, a vasoconstrictor.
C.
inhibit release ofnitric oxide, a vasodilator.
D.
stimulate releaseof nitric oxide, a vasodilator.
Question #21
The thymus is at its maximum size
A.
between 30 and 50years of age.
B.
at birth.
C.
at puberty.
D.
in old age.
Question #22
Which would be the route taken by lymph traveling from lymphatic vessels in the right leg to the bloodstream?
A.
Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - right subclavian vein
B.
Right lumbar trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein
C.
Right femoral trunk - right lumbar trunk - right lymphatic duct - superior vena cava
D.
Right femoral trunk - cisterna chyli - thoracic duct - left subclavian vein
E.
Right lumbar trunk - right intestinal trunk - right lymphatic duct - right subclavian vein
Question #23
Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?
A.
Inguinal lymph nodes
B.
Axillary lymph nodes
C.
Thoracic lymph nodes
D.
Cervical lymph nodes
E.
Abdominal lymph nodes
Question #24
The cortex of a lymph node contains multiple lymphatic nodules.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #25
Because lymphatic vessels have three tunics (intima, media, and externa) and valves, they structurally resemble
A.
veins.
B.
arterioles.
C.
arteries.
D.
capillaries.
Question #26
Tonsils are secondary lymphatic structures.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #27
When women with breast cancer undergo surgery to remove the tumor or the entire breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often removed as well. Why?
A.
The axillarylymph nodes receive lymph from the breast and may contain cancer cells.
B.
In removing thebreast, the blood supply to the nodes is removed and they will inevitably ceaseto function.
C.
It is impossibleto remove the breast without physically damaging the lymph nodes.
D.
With the removalof the breast, there is no further need for lymph drainage and filtering inthat part of the body.
E.
The nerves thatsupply the axillary lymph nodes are often cut during the breast surgery.
Question #28
Which part of a thymic lobule contains mature lymphocytes?
A.
Trabecula
B.
Medulla
C.
Cortex
D.
Capsule
Question #29
One of the functions of the spleen is phagocytosis of bacteria in the blood.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #30
The spleen is essentially a giant lymph node, because it is encapsulated, has trabeculae, and filters lymph to remove antigens.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #31
Which are not tonsils?
A.
Palatoglossal tonsils
B.
Adenoids
C.
Palatine tonsils
D.
Lingual tonsils
E.
Pharyngeal tonsils
Question #32
Red marrow is found within
A.
compact bonecanals.
B.
spaces withinspongy bone.
C.
the large cavitiescontained within the shafts of long bone.
D.
all osseous tissueof the appendicular skeleton.
Question #33
Lymph contains protein.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are
A.
ingested orinhaled.
B.
secreted bysalivary glands.
C.
in the blood.
D.
in the lymph.
Question #35
MALT is found in which layer of the wall of a hollow organ?
A.
Epithelial
B.
Muscularisexterna
C.
Lamina propria
D.
Submucosa
Question #36
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by releasing
A.
CD4 +.
B.
bradykinin andhistamine.
C.
perforin andgranzymes.
D.
antibodies.
Question #37
Which type of cell is the most effective to attack multicellular parasites such as tapeworms?
A.
Macrophages
B.
Neutrophils
C.
Eosinophils
D.
Basophils
Question #38
Dendritic cells of the skin are derived from
A.
monocytes.
B.
B-lymphocytes.
C.
T-lymphocytes.
D.
macrophages.
E.
neutrophils.
Question #39
Which type of antibody is formed in response to parasitic infections and allergies, and has the effect of activating mast cells and basophils?
A.
IgD
B.
IgA
C.
IgG
D.
IgB
E.
IgE
Question #40
B-lymphocytes cannot bind directly with an antigen, and so require presentation by another type of cell.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #41
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes that have killed a foreign cell may transform into
A.
helperT-lymphocytes.
B.
None of the choices is correct.
C.
memoryB-lymphocytes.
D.
plasma cells.
E.
natural killercells.
Question #42
Cytokines are agents that affect neighboring cells without triggering systemic effects.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
What are considered the effectors of humoral immunity?
A.
HelperT-lymphocytes
B.
Antibodies
C.
Macrophages
D.
CytotoxicT-lymphocytes
E.
Natural killer cells
Question #44
Nonspecific immunity is another name for
A.
innateimmunity.
B.
cell-mediatedimmunity.
C.
adaptive immunity.
D.
acquired immunity.
Question #45
A fever __________ reproduction of bacteria and ___________ CAMs on the endothelium of capillaries of lymph nodes.
A.
inhibits; decreases
B.
inhibits; increases
C.
stimulates; decreases
D.
stimulates; increases
Question #46
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #47
Negative selection is the process by which cells learn self-tolerance.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #48
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by
A.
increasing thepermeability of infected cells and inducing apoptosis.
B.
decreasing thepermeability of infected cells and preventing apoptosis.
C.
increasing thepermeability of infected cells and preventing apoptosis.
D.
decreasing thepermeability of infected cells and inducing apoptosis.
Question #49
Interleukin 1 and interferons act as
A.
defervescents andtrigger an elevation of body temperature.
B.
defervescents andtrigger a decrease of body temperature.
C.
pyrogens andtrigger an elevation of body temperature.
D.
pyrogens andtrigger a decreaseof body temperature.
Question #50
The second signal during B-lymphocyte activation involves stimulation from
A.
bradykinin released by antigen-presenting cells.
B.
IL-4 released byhelper T-lymphocytes.
C.
IL-2 released bycytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
D.
antibodiesreleased by antigens.
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