Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 1
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Question #1
The atrioventricular (AV) node is located in the
A.
back wallofthe right ventricle.
B.
roof of the leftventricle.
C.
floor of the leftatrium.
D.
back wall of the left ventricle.
E.
floor of the rightatrium.
Question #2
What part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, adjacent to the entrance of the superior vena cava?
A.
SA node
B.
Purkinje fibers
C.
AV node
D.
Bundle branches
E.
AV bundle
Question #3
During a cardiac cycle, how many of the four chambers contract at any one time?
A.
Highly variable, depending on the heart beat rate
B.
2
C.
4
D.
1
E.
None of the choices is correct.
Question #4
As blood is pumped out of the heart and into the major arteries leaving the heart, it
A.
pushes against theatrioventricular valves and opens them.
B.
fills the cusps ofthe atrioventricular valve causing opening of the bicuspid and closure of thetricuspid.
C.
fills the cusps ofthe semilunar valves, causing them to expand and block the backflow ofblood
D.
pushes against thesemilunar valves and opens them.
E.
pushes against thesemilunar valves and closes them.
Question #5
Occlusion of blood vessels tends to lead to
A.
increases inperfusion.
B.
increases incapillary exchange.
C.
defibrillation ofcardic muscle cell contraction.
D.
inadequate bloodsupply and damage to body tissues.
Question #6
The units for perfusion of blood are typically
A.
liters pergram.
B.
beats per minute per gram.
C.
grams perminute.
D.
milliliters perminute per gram.
E.
millimiters perhour per kilogram.
Question #7
During ventricular contraction
A.
the semilunar valves close and the AV valves open.
B.
only the AV valves open.
C.
only the AV valves close.
D.
the semilunar valves open and the AV valves close.
E.
only the semilunar valves close.
Question #8
How many half-moon shaped, pocketlike cusps are found in each semilunar valve?
A.
4
B.
1
C.
2
D.
3
E.
6
Question #9
During the S-T segment, what is occurring within cardiac muscle cells?
A.
Sodium channels are beginning to open in ventricular cells and calcium is entering through slowchannels in atrial cells.
B.
Calcium is entering and potassium is leaving ventricular cells.
C.
Sodium is rapidly diffusing out of atrial muscle cells.
D.
Potassium isentering atrial cells and sodium is leaving ventricular cells.
Question #10
The opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by
A.
contraction of thesmooth muscle in the walls of the great vessels leaving the heart.
B.
pressure changes of alternating contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
C.
action potentialswithin the cusps of the valves.
D.
contraction andrelaxation of papillary muscles that pull on heart strings.
Question #11
The plateau phase of an action potential
A.
allows cardiacmuscle cells to contract and then relax without locking up.
B.
occurs only inskeletal muscle and makes those fibers'contractions most forceful.
C.
leads to tetaniccontractions in smooth and skeletal muscle.
D.
allows cardiacmuscle cells to exhibit synchronous fibrillation.
Question #12
Purkinje fibers are small fibers within the atria that conduct impulses rapidly.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #13
Which describes the endocardium? a: Has single layer of epithelium b: Has layer of areolar connective tissue c: Epithelial cells are squamous d: Epithelial cells are cuboidal e: Has layer of adipose connective tissue f: Has patches of myocardium
A.
a, b, c, e
B.
a, d, e
C.
a, e, f
D.
a, b, c
E.
a, b, d
Question #14
The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the
A.
myocardium.
B.
pericardium.
C.
endocardium.
D.
pectinatemuscle.
E.
pericardialcavity.
Question #15
Which action leads tothe closure of the right atrioventricular valve?
A.
Contraction of the right atrium
B.
Contraction of the right ventricle
C.
Relaxation of theright ventricle
D.
Contraction of the left atrium
E.
Relaxation of the left atrium
Question #16
Metabolically, cardiac muscle relies on
A.
aerobic metabolism using many mitochondria and a rich supply of myoglobin.
B.
anaerobicmetabolism using myoglobin, creatin kinase, and ketone bodies.
C.
aerobic metabolismusing glycolysis of glycogen to meet most ATP demands.
D.
anaerobicmetabolism using glycolytic enzymes to quickly generate ATP.
Question #17
Most of the calcium that triggers contraction of cardiac muscle comes
A.
from the Golgiapparatus of the cell.
B.
into the cellthrough voltage-gated channels in the sarcolemma.
C.
into the cellthrough leakage channels in the sarcolemma.
D.
from thesarcoplasmic reticulum of the cell.
Question #18
Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
A.
Pulmonary arteries
B.
Inferior venacava
C.
Pulmonary veins
D.
Superior vena cava
E.
Pulmonary trunk
Question #19
Immediately prior to atrial contraction, blood continues to enter the atria from the venae cavae and pulmonary veins.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Nodal cells contain fast voltage-gated calcium channels.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #21
Cardiac muscle is able to use a variety of fuel types for cellular respiration.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
The pericardial cavity is between the
A.
heart muscle andserous pericardium.
B.
fibrous and serouslayers of the pericardium.
C.
visceral andparietal layers of the serous pericardium.
D.
parietal andmyocardial layers of the fibrous pericardium.
Question #23
For the repolarization phase of an SA nodal cell action potential,
A.
sodium and chloride channels open.
B.
sodium andpotassium channels open.
C.
calcium andpotassium channels close.
D.
calcium channelsclose and potassium channels open.
E.
calcium channelsopen and sodium channels close.
Question #24
Which segment of the ECG reflects the plateau phase of ventricular muscle cells' action potentials?
A.
S-T segment
B.
P-T segment
C.
Q-R segment
D.
T-P interval
E.
P-R interval
Question #25
The metabolic pathways of cardiac muscle make it
A.
somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it has so few mitochondria.
B.
somewhat susceptible to heart attack, because it relies so exclusively on aerobic metabolism.
C.
relatively resistant to heart attack,because it has a great capacity to accrue oxygen debt.
D.
relativelyresistant to heart attack, because it uses exclusively anaerobicmetabolism.
E.
extremely susceptible to heart attack, because it uses such a variety of fuel sources.
Question #26
Glucose is a
A.
polar molecule,and therefore it requires a transporter in the blood.
B.
polar molecule,and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma.
C.
nonpolar molecule,and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma.
D.
nonpolar molecule,and therefore it requires a transporter in the blood.
Question #27
Simply put, antibodies are molecules on the lookout for antigens.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #28
The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n)
A.
eosinophil.
B.
lymphocyte.
C.
monocyte.
D.
basophil.
E.
neutrophil.
Question #29
Platelets are roughly the same size as erythrocytes, and like erythrocytes, they eject their nucleus just before entering circulation.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #30
Which type of leukocyte releases histamine?
A.
Basophil
B.
Eosinophil
C.
Neutrophil
D.
Lymphocyte
E.
Monocyte
Question #31
Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important.) a: The heme group is converted into biliverdin. b: Bilirubin is placed in long-term storage in the liver. c: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed. d: The iron ions are stored in the liver. e: The iron ions are stored in the red bone marrow. f: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused. g: The erythrocyte contents, excluding the globins, are excreted unchanged via the digestive tract.
A.
c, d, g
B.
c, e, g
C.
a, c, d, f
D.
a, b, c, g
E.
a, b, c, e, f
Question #32
Macrophages are the converted monocytes that phagocytize bacteria, cell fragments, dead cells, and debris.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #33
During hemopoiesis, the lymphoid line forms lymphocytes only.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
The agglutinogens (or antigens) that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are
A.
part of thereticular connective tissue of the spleen.
B.
located in the cytosol of the leukocytes.
C.
found in the cytosol of the erythrocytes.
D.
found on thesurface of erythrocytes.
E.
located on thesurface of the leukocytes.
Question #35
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates the production of
A.
megakaryocytes andplatelets.
B.
granulocytes fromtheir progenitors.
C.
monocytes frommonoblasts.
D.
erythrocyte progenitor cells.
E.
erythrocytes frommyeloid stem cells.
Question #36
Leukocytesare the _______ of the formed elements, and leukocytes have ______________.
A.
largest, nonucleus
B.
smallest, nonucleus
C.
largest, prominentnuclei
D.
smallest,prominent nuclei
Question #37
A.
M-CSF.
B.
EPO.
C.
GM-CSF.
D.
G-CSF.
E.
Multi-CSF.
Question #38
The “buffy coat" in a centrifuged blood sample is composed of
A.
leukocytes.
B.
erythrocytes andleukocytes.
C.
platelets andleukocytes.
D.
platelets.
E.
erythrocytes.
Question #39
Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of_______ .
A.
basic, proteins
B.
acidic,glycogen
C.
acidic,glucose
D.
basic, glucose
E.
acidic,proteins
Question #40
Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?
A.
Transportation
B.
Regulation
C.
Protection
D.
Prevention
Question #41
Which clotting pathway involves the combining of thromboplastin (factor III) with factor VII and calcium?
A.
The extrinsicpathway
B.
The intrinsicpathway
C.
Each of the threepathways (intrinsic, extrinsic, and common).
D.
The commonpathway
Question #42
Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight?
A.
92%
B.
98%
C.
25%
D.
1%
Question #43
The main function of leukocytes is to
A.
form clots.
B.
defend againstpathogens.
C.
triggerallergies.
D.
carry carbondioxide through the blood.
E.
carry oxygenthrough the blood.
Question #44
Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood? a: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies b: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present c: Always has Rh (D) antigen d: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present e: Is inherited independent of the ABO group
A.
a, c
B.
a, d, e
C.
b, e
D.
a, e
E.
b, c, e
Question #45
The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a(n)
A.
eosinophil.
B.
lymphocyte.
C.
monocyte.
D.
neutrophil.
E.
basophil.
Question #46
A.
construction,actinomyosin
B.
destruction,plasmin
C.
construction,thrombokinase
D.
construction,plasmin
E.
destruction, thrombokinase
Question #47
For a relatively small injury, a platelet plug is formed within 1 minute.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #48
Vascular spasms last
A.
a few millisecondswhen tissue damage is moderate.
B.
several hours whentissue damage is moderate.
C.
several minuteswhen tissue damage is extensive.
D.
almost a fullminute when tissue damage is extensive.
Question #49
One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #50
Which is going to result in significant agglutination?
A.
Donor is type O, recipient is Type O
B.
Donor is type A, recipient is type AB
C.
Donor is type A, recipient has antibody anti-B
D.
Donor is type AB, recipient is type B
E.
Donor is type B, recipient has antibody anti-A
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