Philosophy 001 - Introduction to Philosophy » Spring 2021 » Exam 3
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Question #1
What view holds that different societies or cultures have different moralities?
A.
Descriptive relativism
B.
Rule utilitarianism
C.
Ethical absolutism
D.
Ethical relativism
Question #2
The utilitarian ethics of Bentham and Mill is a version of
A.
Consequentialist ethics
B.
Deontological ethics
C.
Divine command theory
D.
Virtue ethics
Question #3
John Locke rejected the view that consent could be tacit
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
What philosopher associated justice with merit, in the sense that individuals are treated and given a station in life according to their talents and accomplishments?
A.
Rawls
B.
Aristotle
C.
Plato
D.
Hegel
Question #5
Divine command theory is a(n) __________ ethical theory
A.
Utilitarian
B.
Non-consequentialist
C.
Deontological
D.
Consequentialist
Question #6
What philosopher argues that sexual acts that exclude the possibility of procreation are unnatural and therefore morally wrong?
A.
Aristotle
B.
John Finnis
C.
Donald Levy
D.
James Rachel
Question #7
Rawls' difference principle states that
A.
There should be no differences in people's economic status
B.
The market should determine the difference in people's economic rewards
C.
Social and economic inequalities should be arranged to the benefit of the least advantaged
D.
Society should not control the distribution of wealth
Question #8
What 1973 Supreme Court case ruled that the government may not make laws restricting abortions performed during the first six months of pregnancy?
A.
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
B.
Roe v. Wade
C.
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
D.
Plessy v. Fergusen
Question #9
What did Hobbes believe rulers should use to form the wills of their subjects?
A.
Reason
B.
Safety
C.
Kindness
D.
Terror
Question #10
Epictetus was concerned only with appearances.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #11
David Hume endorsed social contract theory
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #12
Epicurus was concerned with sober thinking
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #13
Who said that the state was "prior to the individual"?
A.
Rawls
B.
Aristotle
C.
Locke
D.
Hobbes
Question #14
Plato discussed three active principles in each person: reason, spirit, and anger.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
Conditional pacifists hold that war is always wrong
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #16
Contract theory says that individuals give up certain rights and liberties to the state, which guarantees other rights
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #17
Which philosopher defined a right as a justified entitlement or claim on others?
A.
Thomas Jefferson
B.
H.J. McCloskey
C.
Martin Luther King Jr.
D.
Michael Sandel
Question #18
Carol Gilligan believed that moral development for a woman was marked by progress toward more adequate ways of caring for herself and others.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #19
Nel Noddings' book Caring agrees with Kant that caring for others must be based on a firm sense of moral obligations and not on feelings.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #20
Who developed the categorical imperative?
A.
Aquinas
B.
Mill
C.
Aristotle
D.
Kant
Question #21
Feuerbach held that philosophy is the science of
A.
Morality
B.
Reality
C.
Religion
D.
Truth
Question #22
Basic to the doctrines of Buddhism are the
A.
Four Noble Truths
B.
Three Noble Commands
C.
Noble Commands
D.
Five Noble Truths
Question #23
Which of the following philosophers was a hedonist?
A.
Epicurus
B.
Harry Browne
C.
Plato
D.
Aristotle
Question #24
Which two needs does Hobbes believe drive human action?
A.
Survival and love of others
B.
Personal gain and love of others
C.
Love of others and desire for peace
D.
Personal gain and survival
Question #25
Thomas Jefferson was a disciple of
A.
Hobbes
B.
Plato
C.
Rousseau
D.
Locke
Question #26
The view that in a just society each individual will be given equal share of benefits and burdens is
A.
Substantive egalitarianism
B.
Formal equality
C.
Strict egalitarianism
D.
Rawlsian equality
Question #27
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke agree that
A.
The government must have absolute power in order to prevent chaos
B.
Prior to the formation of government we have no rights
C.
The government derives its power from God
D.
Rationality enables human beings to perceive the necessity of forming a state
Question #28
Epicurus was a hedonist
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #29
Aristotle developed an early version of virtue ethics.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #30
David Hume argued that
A.
There is no legitimate authority for government
B.
The government must have absolute power
C.
Government derives its authority from God
D.
Governments are formed by conquest or succession
Question #31
Ethics is the study of
A.
Religion
B.
Morality
C.
Metaphysics
D.
Knowledge
Question #32
Which philosopher argues that in a just society work burdens should be distributed according to ability and benefits should be distributed according to need?
A.
Plato
B.
Rawls
C.
Marx
D.
Nozick
Question #33
Which philosopher argued that a law is nothing more than a command issued by a ruler, backed by threats of punishment, and maintained by a habit of obedience?
A.
John Rawls
B.
Karl Marx
C.
John Stuart Mill
D.
John Austin
Question #34
The psychologist Carol Gilligan argued that
A.
All children employ the same ethical principles
B.
women tend to approach ethics by focusing on being impartial
C.
Women tend to approach ethics differently than men
D.
children whose parents had more education had higher levels of moral development
Question #35
Who believed that justice was the name for certain important social utilities?
A.
Mill
B.
Hegel
C.
Rawls
D.
Kant
Question #36
What philosopher argues that killing an adult human being is wrong because it deprives one of a fundamental good: one's own future with all its experiences, activities, projects, and enjoyments?
A.
Richard Hare
B.
Immanuel Kant
C.
Jane English
D.
Don Marquis
Question #37
Hobbes believed that the authority of the state was based on a social contract
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #38
Hobbes and Locke were both social contract theoriests
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #39
Bentham was a utilitarian
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #40
Aquinas defended the principle of double effect.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #41
Hobbes believed that nothing could be unjust in a war of all against all
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
Ethical relativism denies the existence of a single, universally applicable moral standard.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #43
Mill's central concern in On Liberty is freedom of the individual
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #44
Which philosopher argues that individuals should realize their human potential through productive work that exercises their capacities?
A.
Karl Marx
B.
Immanuel Kant
C.
John Locke
D.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Question #45
Immanuel Kant developed a hedonistic calculus
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
Aristotle wrote that true friendship is based on
A.
The mutual recognition of goodness in each other
B.
The sharing of the same basic nature
C.
The mutual pursuit of happiness
D.
The sharing of common interests
Question #47
Carol Gilligan accepts the theory of moral development in stages developed by Lawrence Kohlberg.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #48
Leviathan was written by John Locke
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #49
Don Marquis' argument is an argument from analogy
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
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