Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 3
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Question #1
Hemoglobin is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood because oxygen has a ________ solubility coefficient in water.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #2
Approximately what percent of the oxygen in blood is transported by the hemoglobin of erythrocytes?
A.
66%
B.
75%
C.
50%
D.
33%
E.
98%
Question #3
Which of the following has the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
A.
The systemic cells
B.
The alveoli of the lungs
C.
The blood circulating in systemic arteries
Question #4
Compared to its partial pressure at sea level, what would be the partial pressure of oxygen at an altitude with an atmospheric pressure of only 380 mmHg (recall that sea level atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg)?
A.
Po2 would be three-quarters as much as it would be at sea level.
B.
Po2 would be one-fourth as much as it would be at sea level.
C.
Po2 would be twice as much as it would be at sea level.
D.
Po2 would be half as much as it would be at sea level.
Question #5
Histamine release results in increased airway resistance and decreased airflow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
An increase in the partial pressure of CO 2 causes bronchioles to
A.
dilate.
B.
constrict.
Question #7
The most common cell making up the alveolar wall is the
A.
alveolar type I cell.
B.
alveolar type II cell.
C.
septal cell.
D.
alveolar macrophage.
E.
dust cell.
Question #8
An air passage (valley) beneath a turbinate within the nasal cavity is referred to as a
A.
concha.
B.
vestibule.
C.
vibrissa.
D.
meatus.
Question #9
Compared to its partial pressure in the atmosphere, oxygen's partial pressure in the alveoli is
A.
equivalent.
B.
higher.
C.
lower.
Question #10
What structures are used by both the respiratory and digestive systems?
A.
Nasal cavity and nasopharynx
B.
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
C.
Paranasal sinuses
D.
Laryngopharynx and esophagus
E.
Laryngopharynx and larynx
Question #11
What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi?
A.
Trachea
B.
Alveolar ducts
C.
Pharynx
D.
Esophagus
E.
Bronchioles
Question #12
When central chemoreceptors detect a drop in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid,
A.
the vagus and phrenic nerves stimulate decreased production of the catalyst carbonic anhydrase.
B.
pontine respiratory centers trigger a decrease in rate and depth of breathing.
C.
medullary respiratory centers trigger a decrease in rate and depth of breathing.
D.
medullary respiratory centers trigger an increase in rate and depth of breathing.
Question #13
What type of tissue lines the trachea?
A.
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
B.
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
C.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
D.
Simple squamous epithelium
E.
Cuboidal epithelium
Question #14
Airflow is ________ related to the pressure gradient and ________ related to resistance.
A.
inversely; inversely
B.
directly; inversely
C.
directly; directly
D.
inversely; directly
Question #15
The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the
A.
vital capacity.
B.
functional residual capacity.
C.
inspiratory reserve volume.
D.
tidal volume.
E.
forced expiratory volume.
Question #16
Air flows out of the body during expiration because
A.
intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
B.
intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
C.
intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
D.
atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
Question #17
Which answer places the following events in proper order for pulmonary ventilation? a: Thoracic cavity volume changes. b: Brainstem nuclei stimulate skeletal muscles to contract. c: Air flows down its pressure gradient. d: Dimensional changes in the thorax lead to pressure changes within the lung.
A.
b, a, d, c
B.
a, c, d, b
C.
c, a, d, b
D.
b, d, c, a
E.
d, c, b, a
Question #18
Which do not belong to the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
A.
Alveolar sacs
B.
Pulmonary alveoli
C.
Alveolar ducts
D.
Respiratory bronchioles
E.
Terminal bronchioles
Question #19
The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration is the
A.
functional residual capacity.
B.
inspiratory reserve volume.
C.
residual volume.
D.
inspiratory capacity.
Question #20
Terminal bronchioles of the lower respiratory system are lined with
A.
stratified columnar epithelium.
B.
simple cuboidal epithelium.
C.
nonkeratinized stratified squamous.
D.
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
E.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Question #21
What changes in the blood levels of respiratory gases result from hyperventilation?
A.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels fall.
B.
Oxygen levels rise and carbon dioxide levels fall.
C.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels rise.
D.
If we have equal masses of ethane and oxygen, there is no limiting reactant.
E.
Oxygen levels do not change but carbon dioxide levels fall.
Question #22
These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.
A.
Scalenes
B.
Serratus posterior inferior
C.
Internal intercostals
D.
External intercostals
E.
Transversus thoracis
Question #23
Exposure to irritants causes mucus production to
A.
decrease.
B.
increase.
Question #24
Which is not part of the respiratory membrane?
A.
Fused basement membrane
B.
Plasma membrane of Type II cell
C.
Capillary endothelium
D.
Plasma membrane of Type I cell
Question #25
Bronchial arteries carry ________ blood to the tissues of the lung.
A.
deoxygenated
B.
oxygenated
Question #26
The gallbladder is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #27
The pancreas is located primarily on the ________ side of the body, and it produces an _______ juice that is rich in a variety of enzymes.
A.
right, acidic
B.
right, alkaline
C.
left, alkaline
D.
left, acidic
Question #28
An organ that helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n)
A.
alimentary canal organ.
B.
accessory digestive organ.
C.
diffuse ingestive structure.
D.
chemically digesting organ.
E.
organ of mastication.
Question #29
Protein digestion begins in the
A.
large intestine.
B.
mouth.
C.
small intestine.
D.
esophagus.
E.
stomach.
Question #30
Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to
A.
inhibit bacterial growth.
B.
moisten and disperse food.
C.
wash materials off teeth.
D.
initiate the chemical breakdown of starch.
Question #31
Which is (are) not found in the wall of the large intestine?
A.
Simple columnar epithelium
B.
Goblet cells
C.
Villi
D.
Intestinal glands
E.
Lymphatic nodules
Question #32
An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the
A.
salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
B.
basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
C.
salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
D.
glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.
E.
basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.
Question #33
The accumulation of large amounts of adipose tissue in the ________ that extends from the inferolateral surface of the stomach can form what is commonly called a "beer belly."
A.
greater omentum
B.
falciform ligament
C.
mesentery proper
D.
mesocolon
E.
lesser omentum
Question #34
The ________ are considered the opening from the oral cavity to the oropharynx.
A.
glossus
B.
conchae
C.
fauces
D.
choana
E.
fossae
Question #35
The inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the
A.
cardiac sphincter.
B.
pyloric sphincter.
C.
pharyngealgastric sphincter.
D.
pharyngoesophageal sphincter.
E.
esophageal hiatus.
Question #36
For the majority of the GI tract, which layer(s) of the wall contain smooth muscle?
A.
Submucosa and muscularis
B.
Mucosa and adventitia
C.
Muscularis only
D.
Mucosa and muscularis
E.
Serosa only
Question #37
A.
salivary gland secretion.
B.
the secretion of mucus.
C.
the passage of chyme into the small intestine.
D.
peristalsis.
E.
the transport of bile and pancreatic juice.
Question #38
Amylase from saliva digests
A.
glucose.
B.
lipids.
C.
starch.
D.
protein.
Question #39
Which bones form the hard palate?
A.
Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae
B.
Palatine bones
C.
Palatine bones and maxillae
D.
Maxillae and sphenoid
E.
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Question #40
Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?
A.
Hepatopancreatic duct
B.
Pancreatic duct
C.
Cystic duct
D.
Hepatic duct
E.
Common bile duct
Question #41
The term "retroperitoneal" may be used to describe the location of certain abdominal organs. This means that such organs are located
A.
deep to the visceral peritoneum.
B.
posterior to the parietal peritoneum.
C.
between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.
D.
in the peritoneal cavity.
E.
between folds of the parietal peritoneum.
Question #42
Which is the layer of the serous membrane that directly covers the surface of internal organs?
A.
Parietal peritoneum
B.
Visceral peritoneum
C.
Omental layer
D.
Muscularis mucosa
E.
Rectal peritoneum
Question #43
The type of receptor within the GI tract wall that detects stretch is the
A.
chemoreceptor.
B.
mechanoreceptor.
C.
steroid receptor.
D.
retroperitoneal proprioceptor.
Question #44
Which organ is retroperitoneal?
A.
Jejunum
B.
Pancreas
C.
Cecum
D.
Stomach
E.
Transverse colon
Question #45
"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the
A.
propulsion of material between the segments of the GI tract.
B.
back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.
C.
gastroileal reflex that moves materials from the stomach to the large intestine.
D.
division of function between the different segments of the small intestine.
Question #46
If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are referred to as
A.
chemoreceptors.
B.
osmodetectors.
C.
mechanoreceptors.
D.
omental neurons
E.
bilireceptors.
Question #47
The outer layer of the muscularis of the colon is discontinuous (does not entirely surround the colon), and forms the bundles of smooth muscles known as the teniae coli.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #48
What is the correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall, from innermost (next to lumen) to outermost?
A.
Adventitia/serosa - mucosa - submucosa - muscularis
B.
Adventitia/serosa - muscularis - mucosa - submucosa
C.
Mucosa - submucosa - adventitia/serosa - muscularis
D.
Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis - adventitia/serosa
E.
Muscularis - mucosa - adventitia/serosa - submucosa
Question #49
The esophagus is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found in the
A.
epithelium of the inferior portion of the GI tract.
B.
muscularis interna of the entire length of the GI tract.
C.
myenteric plexus of the mucosa of the intestine.
D.
adventitia of the upper portion of the GI tract.
E.
mucosa and submucosa of the GI tract along its length.
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