Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 3
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Question #1
Hemoglobin is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood because oxygen has a ________ solubility coefficient in water.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #2
Approximately what percent of the oxygen in blood is transported by the hemoglobin of erythrocytes?
A.
75%
B.
66%
C.
98%
D.
33%
E.
50%
Question #3
Which of the following has the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
A.
The systemic cells
B.
The blood circulating in systemic arteries
C.
The alveoli of the lungs
Question #4
Compared to its partial pressure at sea level, what would be the partial pressure of oxygen at an altitude with an atmospheric pressure of only 380 mmHg (recall that sea level atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg)?
A.
Po2 would be one-fourth as much as it would be at sea level.
B.
Po2 would be twice as much as it would be at sea level.
C.
Po2 would be half as much as it would be at sea level.
D.
Po2 would be three-quarters as much as it would be at sea level.
Question #5
Histamine release results in increased airway resistance and decreased airflow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
An increase in the partial pressure of CO 2 causes bronchioles to
A.
dilate.
B.
constrict.
Question #7
The most common cell making up the alveolar wall is the
A.
septal cell.
B.
alveolar type II cell.
C.
alveolar type I cell.
D.
dust cell.
E.
alveolar macrophage.
Question #8
An air passage (valley) beneath a turbinate within the nasal cavity is referred to as a
A.
concha.
B.
vibrissa.
C.
meatus.
D.
vestibule.
Question #9
Compared to its partial pressure in the atmosphere, oxygen's partial pressure in the alveoli is
A.
higher.
B.
lower.
C.
equivalent.
Question #10
What structures are used by both the respiratory and digestive systems?
A.
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
B.
Laryngopharynx and esophagus
C.
Nasal cavity and nasopharynx
D.
Paranasal sinuses
E.
Laryngopharynx and larynx
Question #11
What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi?
A.
Bronchioles
B.
Pharynx
C.
Alveolar ducts
D.
Trachea
E.
Esophagus
Question #12
When central chemoreceptors detect a drop in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid,
A.
medullary respiratory centers trigger an increase in rate and depth of breathing.
B.
the vagus and phrenic nerves stimulate decreased production of the catalyst carbonic anhydrase.
C.
medullary respiratory centers trigger a decrease in rate and depth of breathing.
D.
pontine respiratory centers trigger a decrease in rate and depth of breathing.
Question #13
What type of tissue lines the trachea?
A.
Simple squamous epithelium
B.
Cuboidal epithelium
C.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
D.
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
E.
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
Question #14
Airflow is ________ related to the pressure gradient and ________ related to resistance.
A.
directly; directly
B.
inversely; directly
C.
inversely; inversely
D.
directly; inversely
Question #15
The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the
A.
vital capacity.
B.
forced expiratory volume.
C.
functional residual capacity.
D.
inspiratory reserve volume.
E.
tidal volume.
Question #16
Air flows out of the body during expiration because
A.
intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
B.
atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
C.
intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
D.
intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
Question #17
Which answer places the following events in proper order for pulmonary ventilation? a: Thoracic cavity volume changes. b: Brainstem nuclei stimulate skeletal muscles to contract. c: Air flows down its pressure gradient. d: Dimensional changes in the thorax lead to pressure changes within the lung.
A.
d, c, b, a
B.
a, c, d, b
C.
b, d, c, a
D.
b, a, d, c
E.
c, a, d, b
Question #18
Which do not belong to the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
A.
Alveolar sacs
B.
Respiratory bronchioles
C.
Pulmonary alveoli
D.
Terminal bronchioles
E.
Alveolar ducts
Question #19
The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration is the
A.
residual volume.
B.
inspiratory capacity.
C.
inspiratory reserve volume.
D.
functional residual capacity.
Question #20
Terminal bronchioles of the lower respiratory system are lined with
A.
stratified columnar epithelium.
B.
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
C.
simple cuboidal epithelium.
D.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
E.
nonkeratinized stratified squamous.
Question #21
What changes in the blood levels of respiratory gases result from hyperventilation?
A.
If we have equal masses of ethane and oxygen, there is no limiting reactant.
B.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels rise.
C.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels fall.
D.
Oxygen levels rise and carbon dioxide levels fall.
E.
Oxygen levels do not change but carbon dioxide levels fall.
Question #22
These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.
A.
Transversus thoracis
B.
Serratus posterior inferior
C.
Scalenes
D.
External intercostals
E.
Internal intercostals
Question #23
Exposure to irritants causes mucus production to
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #24
Which is not part of the respiratory membrane?
A.
Capillary endothelium
B.
Plasma membrane of Type II cell
C.
Fused basement membrane
D.
Plasma membrane of Type I cell
Question #25
Bronchial arteries carry ________ blood to the tissues of the lung.
A.
deoxygenated
B.
oxygenated
Question #26
The gallbladder is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #27
The pancreas is located primarily on the ________ side of the body, and it produces an _______ juice that is rich in a variety of enzymes.
A.
right, acidic
B.
left, acidic
C.
left, alkaline
D.
right, alkaline
Question #28
An organ that helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n)
A.
alimentary canal organ.
B.
accessory digestive organ.
C.
organ of mastication.
D.
diffuse ingestive structure.
E.
chemically digesting organ.
Question #29
Protein digestion begins in the
A.
mouth.
B.
small intestine.
C.
esophagus.
D.
large intestine.
E.
stomach.
Question #30
Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to
A.
initiate the chemical breakdown of starch.
B.
moisten and disperse food.
C.
wash materials off teeth.
D.
inhibit bacterial growth.
Question #31
Which is (are) not found in the wall of the large intestine?
A.
Simple columnar epithelium
B.
Lymphatic nodules
C.
Villi
D.
Intestinal glands
E.
Goblet cells
Question #32
An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the
A.
basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.
B.
salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
C.
basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
D.
glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.
E.
salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
Question #33
The accumulation of large amounts of adipose tissue in the ________ that extends from the inferolateral surface of the stomach can form what is commonly called a "beer belly."
A.
greater omentum
B.
mesentery proper
C.
mesocolon
D.
lesser omentum
E.
falciform ligament
Question #34
The ________ are considered the opening from the oral cavity to the oropharynx.
A.
fossae
B.
conchae
C.
fauces
D.
glossus
E.
choana
Question #35
The inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the
A.
esophageal hiatus.
B.
pharyngealgastric sphincter.
C.
pyloric sphincter.
D.
pharyngoesophageal sphincter.
E.
cardiac sphincter.
Question #36
For the majority of the GI tract, which layer(s) of the wall contain smooth muscle?
A.
Serosa only
B.
Submucosa and muscularis
C.
Mucosa and adventitia
D.
Mucosa and muscularis
E.
Muscularis only
Question #37
A.
the passage of chyme into the small intestine.
B.
peristalsis.
C.
salivary gland secretion.
D.
the transport of bile and pancreatic juice.
E.
the secretion of mucus.
Question #38
Amylase from saliva digests
A.
protein.
B.
lipids.
C.
glucose.
D.
starch.
Question #39
Which bones form the hard palate?
A.
Maxillae and sphenoid
B.
Palatine bones and maxillae
C.
Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae
D.
Palatine bones
E.
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Question #40
Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?
A.
Hepatopancreatic duct
B.
Cystic duct
C.
Pancreatic duct
D.
Hepatic duct
E.
Common bile duct
Question #41
The term "retroperitoneal" may be used to describe the location of certain abdominal organs. This means that such organs are located
A.
in the peritoneal cavity.
B.
between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.
C.
deep to the visceral peritoneum.
D.
posterior to the parietal peritoneum.
E.
between folds of the parietal peritoneum.
Question #42
Which is the layer of the serous membrane that directly covers the surface of internal organs?
A.
Omental layer
B.
Visceral peritoneum
C.
Rectal peritoneum
D.
Parietal peritoneum
E.
Muscularis mucosa
Question #43
The type of receptor within the GI tract wall that detects stretch is the
A.
mechanoreceptor.
B.
steroid receptor.
C.
chemoreceptor.
D.
retroperitoneal proprioceptor.
Question #44
Which organ is retroperitoneal?
A.
Transverse colon
B.
Jejunum
C.
Stomach
D.
Cecum
E.
Pancreas
Question #45
"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the
A.
division of function between the different segments of the small intestine.
B.
propulsion of material between the segments of the GI tract.
C.
gastroileal reflex that moves materials from the stomach to the large intestine.
D.
back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.
Question #46
A.
omental neurons
B.
bilireceptors.
C.
osmodetectors.
D.
chemoreceptors.
E.
mechanoreceptors.
Question #47
The outer layer of the muscularis of the colon is discontinuous (does not entirely surround the colon), and forms the bundles of smooth muscles known as the teniae coli.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #48
What is the correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall, from innermost (next to lumen) to outermost?
A.
Adventitia/serosa - mucosa - submucosa - muscularis
B.
Adventitia/serosa - muscularis - mucosa - submucosa
C.
Mucosa - submucosa - adventitia/serosa - muscularis
D.
Muscularis - mucosa - adventitia/serosa - submucosa
E.
Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis - adventitia/serosa
Question #49
The esophagus is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found in the
A.
muscularis interna of the entire length of the GI tract.
B.
myenteric plexus of the mucosa of the intestine.
C.
adventitia of the upper portion of the GI tract.
D.
mucosa and submucosa of the GI tract along its length.
E.
epithelium of the inferior portion of the GI tract.
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