Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 3
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Question #1
Hemoglobin is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood because oxygen has a ________ solubility coefficient in water.
A.
high
B.
low
Question #2
Approximately what percent of the oxygen in blood is transported by the hemoglobin of erythrocytes?
A.
66%
B.
98%
C.
75%
D.
33%
E.
50%
Question #3
Which of the following has the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
A.
The alveoli of the lungs
B.
The blood circulating in systemic arteries
C.
The systemic cells
Question #4
Compared to its partial pressure at sea level, what would be the partial pressure of oxygen at an altitude with an atmospheric pressure of only 380 mmHg (recall that sea level atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg)?
A.
Po2 would be one-fourth as much as it would be at sea level.
B.
Po2 would be three-quarters as much as it would be at sea level.
C.
Po2 would be twice as much as it would be at sea level.
D.
Po2 would be half as much as it would be at sea level.
Question #5
Histamine release results in increased airway resistance and decreased airflow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
An increase in the partial pressure of CO 2 causes bronchioles to
A.
constrict.
B.
dilate.
Question #7
The most common cell making up the alveolar wall is the
A.
alveolar type II cell.
B.
alveolar macrophage.
C.
dust cell.
D.
septal cell.
E.
alveolar type I cell.
Question #8
An air passage (valley) beneath a turbinate within the nasal cavity is referred to as a
A.
concha.
B.
vibrissa.
C.
vestibule.
D.
meatus.
Question #9
Compared to its partial pressure in the atmosphere, oxygen's partial pressure in the alveoli is
A.
lower.
B.
equivalent.
C.
higher.
Question #10
What structures are used by both the respiratory and digestive systems?
A.
Laryngopharynx and larynx
B.
Laryngopharynx and esophagus
C.
Paranasal sinuses
D.
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
E.
Nasal cavity and nasopharynx
Question #11
What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi?
A.
Esophagus
B.
Trachea
C.
Pharynx
D.
Bronchioles
E.
Alveolar ducts
Question #12
When central chemoreceptors detect a drop in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid,
A.
pontine respiratory centers trigger a decrease in rate and depth of breathing.
B.
medullary respiratory centers trigger an increase in rate and depth of breathing.
C.
the vagus and phrenic nerves stimulate decreased production of the catalyst carbonic anhydrase.
D.
medullary respiratory centers trigger a decrease in rate and depth of breathing.
Question #13
What type of tissue lines the trachea?
A.
Cuboidal epithelium
B.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
C.
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
D.
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
E.
Simple squamous epithelium
Question #14
Airflow is ________ related to the pressure gradient and ________ related to resistance.
A.
inversely; directly
B.
inversely; inversely
C.
directly; directly
D.
directly; inversely
Question #15
The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the
A.
forced expiratory volume.
B.
inspiratory reserve volume.
C.
tidal volume.
D.
functional residual capacity.
E.
vital capacity.
Question #16
Air flows out of the body during expiration because
A.
atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
B.
intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
C.
intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
D.
intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
Question #17
Which answer places the following events in proper order for pulmonary ventilation? a: Thoracic cavity volume changes. b: Brainstem nuclei stimulate skeletal muscles to contract. c: Air flows down its pressure gradient. d: Dimensional changes in the thorax lead to pressure changes within the lung.
A.
a, c, d, b
B.
d, c, b, a
C.
b, d, c, a
D.
c, a, d, b
E.
b, a, d, c
Question #18
Which do not belong to the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
A.
Pulmonary alveoli
B.
Alveolar sacs
C.
Terminal bronchioles
D.
Alveolar ducts
E.
Respiratory bronchioles
Question #19
The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration is the
A.
inspiratory reserve volume.
B.
residual volume.
C.
inspiratory capacity.
D.
functional residual capacity.
Question #20
Terminal bronchioles of the lower respiratory system are lined with
A.
stratified columnar epithelium.
B.
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
C.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
D.
simple cuboidal epithelium.
E.
nonkeratinized stratified squamous.
Question #21
What changes in the blood levels of respiratory gases result from hyperventilation?
A.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels rise.
B.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels fall.
C.
Oxygen levels rise and carbon dioxide levels fall.
D.
Oxygen levels do not change but carbon dioxide levels fall.
E.
If we have equal masses of ethane and oxygen, there is no limiting reactant.
Question #22
These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.
A.
External intercostals
B.
Serratus posterior inferior
C.
Transversus thoracis
D.
Scalenes
E.
Internal intercostals
Question #23
Exposure to irritants causes mucus production to
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #24
Which is not part of the respiratory membrane?
A.
Fused basement membrane
B.
Capillary endothelium
C.
Plasma membrane of Type II cell
D.
Plasma membrane of Type I cell
Question #25
Bronchial arteries carry ________ blood to the tissues of the lung.
A.
deoxygenated
B.
oxygenated
Question #26
The gallbladder is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #27
The pancreas is located primarily on the ________ side of the body, and it produces an _______ juice that is rich in a variety of enzymes.
A.
left, acidic
B.
right, acidic
C.
left, alkaline
D.
right, alkaline
Question #28
An organ that helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n)
A.
chemically digesting organ.
B.
diffuse ingestive structure.
C.
organ of mastication.
D.
accessory digestive organ.
E.
alimentary canal organ.
Question #29
Protein digestion begins in the
A.
esophagus.
B.
stomach.
C.
mouth.
D.
small intestine.
E.
large intestine.
Question #30
Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to
A.
moisten and disperse food.
B.
initiate the chemical breakdown of starch.
C.
wash materials off teeth.
D.
inhibit bacterial growth.
Question #31
Which is (are) not found in the wall of the large intestine?
A.
Lymphatic nodules
B.
Goblet cells
C.
Simple columnar epithelium
D.
Intestinal glands
E.
Villi
Question #32
An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the
A.
salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
B.
basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
C.
basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.
D.
glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.
E.
salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
Question #33
The accumulation of large amounts of adipose tissue in the ________ that extends from the inferolateral surface of the stomach can form what is commonly called a "beer belly."
A.
greater omentum
B.
mesocolon
C.
falciform ligament
D.
mesentery proper
E.
lesser omentum
Question #34
The ________ are considered the opening from the oral cavity to the oropharynx.
A.
fossae
B.
conchae
C.
choana
D.
glossus
E.
fauces
Question #35
The inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the
A.
pharyngoesophageal sphincter.
B.
pyloric sphincter.
C.
pharyngealgastric sphincter.
D.
esophageal hiatus.
E.
cardiac sphincter.
Question #36
For the majority of the GI tract, which layer(s) of the wall contain smooth muscle?
A.
Mucosa and adventitia
B.
Serosa only
C.
Submucosa and muscularis
D.
Muscularis only
E.
Mucosa and muscularis
Question #37
A.
the transport of bile and pancreatic juice.
B.
the passage of chyme into the small intestine.
C.
salivary gland secretion.
D.
peristalsis.
E.
the secretion of mucus.
Question #38
Amylase from saliva digests
A.
glucose.
B.
starch.
C.
lipids.
D.
protein.
Question #39
Which bones form the hard palate?
A.
Palatine bones and maxillae
B.
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones
C.
Maxillae and sphenoid
D.
Palatine bones
E.
Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae
Question #40
Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?
A.
Pancreatic duct
B.
Hepatopancreatic duct
C.
Common bile duct
D.
Cystic duct
E.
Hepatic duct
Question #41
The term "retroperitoneal" may be used to describe the location of certain abdominal organs. This means that such organs are located
A.
between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.
B.
deep to the visceral peritoneum.
C.
between folds of the parietal peritoneum.
D.
posterior to the parietal peritoneum.
E.
in the peritoneal cavity.
Question #42
Which is the layer of the serous membrane that directly covers the surface of internal organs?
A.
Visceral peritoneum
B.
Muscularis mucosa
C.
Omental layer
D.
Parietal peritoneum
E.
Rectal peritoneum
Question #43
The type of receptor within the GI tract wall that detects stretch is the
A.
mechanoreceptor.
B.
steroid receptor.
C.
chemoreceptor.
D.
retroperitoneal proprioceptor.
Question #44
Which organ is retroperitoneal?
A.
Stomach
B.
Jejunum
C.
Transverse colon
D.
Pancreas
E.
Cecum
Question #45
"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the
A.
gastroileal reflex that moves materials from the stomach to the large intestine.
B.
division of function between the different segments of the small intestine.
C.
propulsion of material between the segments of the GI tract.
D.
back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.
Question #46
A.
omental neurons
B.
osmodetectors.
C.
mechanoreceptors.
D.
chemoreceptors.
E.
bilireceptors.
Question #47
The outer layer of the muscularis of the colon is discontinuous (does not entirely surround the colon), and forms the bundles of smooth muscles known as the teniae coli.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #48
What is the correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall, from innermost (next to lumen) to outermost?
A.
Mucosa - submucosa - adventitia/serosa - muscularis
B.
Adventitia/serosa - mucosa - submucosa - muscularis
C.
Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis - adventitia/serosa
D.
Adventitia/serosa - muscularis - mucosa - submucosa
E.
Muscularis - mucosa - adventitia/serosa - submucosa
Question #49
The esophagus is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #50
Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found in the
A.
adventitia of the upper portion of the GI tract.
B.
myenteric plexus of the mucosa of the intestine.
C.
epithelium of the inferior portion of the GI tract.
D.
mucosa and submucosa of the GI tract along its length.
E.
muscularis interna of the entire length of the GI tract.
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