Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 3
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Question #1
Hemoglobin is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood because oxygen has a ________ solubility coefficient in water.
A.
high
B.
low
Question #2
Approximately what percent of the oxygen in blood is transported by the hemoglobin of erythrocytes?
A.
98%
B.
33%
C.
50%
D.
75%
E.
66%
Question #3
Which of the following has the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
A.
The systemic cells
B.
The alveoli of the lungs
C.
The blood circulating in systemic arteries
Question #4
Compared to its partial pressure at sea level, what would be the partial pressure of oxygen at an altitude with an atmospheric pressure of only 380 mmHg (recall that sea level atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg)?
A.
Po2 would be half as much as it would be at sea level.
B.
Po2 would be one-fourth as much as it would be at sea level.
C.
Po2 would be twice as much as it would be at sea level.
D.
Po2 would be three-quarters as much as it would be at sea level.
Question #5
Histamine release results in increased airway resistance and decreased airflow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
An increase in the partial pressure of CO 2 causes bronchioles to
A.
dilate.
B.
constrict.
Question #7
The most common cell making up the alveolar wall is the
A.
alveolar macrophage.
B.
septal cell.
C.
dust cell.
D.
alveolar type I cell.
E.
alveolar type II cell.
Question #8
An air passage (valley) beneath a turbinate within the nasal cavity is referred to as a
A.
vestibule.
B.
meatus.
C.
concha.
D.
vibrissa.
Question #9
Compared to its partial pressure in the atmosphere, oxygen's partial pressure in the alveoli is
A.
equivalent.
B.
lower.
C.
higher.
Question #10
What structures are used by both the respiratory and digestive systems?
A.
Laryngopharynx and larynx
B.
Nasal cavity and nasopharynx
C.
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
D.
Laryngopharynx and esophagus
E.
Paranasal sinuses
Question #11
What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi?
A.
Pharynx
B.
Esophagus
C.
Trachea
D.
Bronchioles
E.
Alveolar ducts
Question #12
When central chemoreceptors detect a drop in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid,
A.
the vagus and phrenic nerves stimulate decreased production of the catalyst carbonic anhydrase.
B.
pontine respiratory centers trigger a decrease in rate and depth of breathing.
C.
medullary respiratory centers trigger a decrease in rate and depth of breathing.
D.
medullary respiratory centers trigger an increase in rate and depth of breathing.
Question #13
What type of tissue lines the trachea?
A.
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
B.
Simple squamous epithelium
C.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
D.
Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
E.
Cuboidal epithelium
Question #14
Airflow is ________ related to the pressure gradient and ________ related to resistance.
A.
inversely; inversely
B.
directly; inversely
C.
directly; directly
D.
inversely; directly
Question #15
The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the
A.
forced expiratory volume.
B.
tidal volume.
C.
vital capacity.
D.
inspiratory reserve volume.
E.
functional residual capacity.
Question #16
Air flows out of the body during expiration because
A.
intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
B.
atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
C.
intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
D.
intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
Question #17
Which answer places the following events in proper order for pulmonary ventilation? a: Thoracic cavity volume changes. b: Brainstem nuclei stimulate skeletal muscles to contract. c: Air flows down its pressure gradient. d: Dimensional changes in the thorax lead to pressure changes within the lung.
A.
a, c, d, b
B.
d, c, b, a
C.
c, a, d, b
D.
b, d, c, a
E.
b, a, d, c
Question #18
Which do not belong to the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
A.
Respiratory bronchioles
B.
Pulmonary alveoli
C.
Alveolar ducts
D.
Terminal bronchioles
E.
Alveolar sacs
Question #19
The amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration is the
A.
inspiratory reserve volume.
B.
functional residual capacity.
C.
residual volume.
D.
inspiratory capacity.
Question #20
Terminal bronchioles of the lower respiratory system are lined with
A.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B.
stratified columnar epithelium.
C.
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
D.
nonkeratinized stratified squamous.
E.
simple cuboidal epithelium.
Question #21
What changes in the blood levels of respiratory gases result from hyperventilation?
A.
Oxygen levels do not change but carbon dioxide levels fall.
B.
If we have equal masses of ethane and oxygen, there is no limiting reactant.
C.
Oxygen levels rise and carbon dioxide levels fall.
D.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels fall.
E.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels rise.
Question #22
These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.
A.
Transversus thoracis
B.
Internal intercostals
C.
External intercostals
D.
Scalenes
E.
Serratus posterior inferior
Question #23
Exposure to irritants causes mucus production to
A.
increase.
B.
decrease.
Question #24
Which is not part of the respiratory membrane?
A.
Plasma membrane of Type I cell
B.
Fused basement membrane
C.
Plasma membrane of Type II cell
D.
Capillary endothelium
Question #25
Bronchial arteries carry ________ blood to the tissues of the lung.
A.
deoxygenated
B.
oxygenated
Question #26
The gallbladder is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #27
The pancreas is located primarily on the ________ side of the body, and it produces an _______ juice that is rich in a variety of enzymes.
A.
left, alkaline
B.
right, acidic
C.
right, alkaline
D.
left, acidic
Question #28
An organ that helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n)
A.
diffuse ingestive structure.
B.
accessory digestive organ.
C.
alimentary canal organ.
D.
chemically digesting organ.
E.
organ of mastication.
Question #29
Protein digestion begins in the
A.
mouth.
B.
esophagus.
C.
stomach.
D.
small intestine.
E.
large intestine.
Question #30
Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to
A.
inhibit bacterial growth.
B.
initiate the chemical breakdown of starch.
C.
wash materials off teeth.
D.
moisten and disperse food.
Question #31
Which is (are) not found in the wall of the large intestine?
A.
Villi
B.
Intestinal glands
C.
Simple columnar epithelium
D.
Lymphatic nodules
E.
Goblet cells
Question #32
An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the
A.
salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
B.
basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.
C.
salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
D.
glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.
E.
basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
Question #33
The accumulation of large amounts of adipose tissue in the ________ that extends from the inferolateral surface of the stomach can form what is commonly called a "beer belly."
A.
mesocolon
B.
falciform ligament
C.
greater omentum
D.
mesentery proper
E.
lesser omentum
Question #34
The ________ are considered the opening from the oral cavity to the oropharynx.
A.
fossae
B.
fauces
C.
glossus
D.
choana
E.
conchae
Question #35
The inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the
A.
esophageal hiatus.
B.
pyloric sphincter.
C.
pharyngoesophageal sphincter.
D.
pharyngealgastric sphincter.
E.
cardiac sphincter.
Question #36
For the majority of the GI tract, which layer(s) of the wall contain smooth muscle?
A.
Mucosa and adventitia
B.
Submucosa and muscularis
C.
Muscularis only
D.
Mucosa and muscularis
E.
Serosa only
Question #37
Stenosis (constriction) of the hepatopancreatic ampulla would interfere with
A.
the passage of chyme into the small intestine.
B.
salivary gland secretion.
C.
peristalsis.
D.
the transport of bile and pancreatic juice.
E.
the secretion of mucus.
Question #38
Amylase from saliva digests
A.
lipids.
B.
glucose.
C.
starch.
D.
protein.
Question #39
Which bones form the hard palate?
A.
Palatine bones and maxillae
B.
Palatine bones
C.
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones
D.
Maxillae and sphenoid
E.
Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae
Question #40
Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?
A.
Hepatopancreatic duct
B.
Pancreatic duct
C.
Hepatic duct
D.
Common bile duct
E.
Cystic duct
Question #41
The term "retroperitoneal" may be used to describe the location of certain abdominal organs. This means that such organs are located
A.
between folds of the parietal peritoneum.
B.
deep to the visceral peritoneum.
C.
between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.
D.
posterior to the parietal peritoneum.
E.
in the peritoneal cavity.
Question #42
Which is the layer of the serous membrane that directly covers the surface of internal organs?
A.
Visceral peritoneum
B.
Rectal peritoneum
C.
Omental layer
D.
Parietal peritoneum
E.
Muscularis mucosa
Question #43
The type of receptor within the GI tract wall that detects stretch is the
A.
steroid receptor.
B.
retroperitoneal proprioceptor.
C.
mechanoreceptor.
D.
chemoreceptor.
Question #44
Which organ is retroperitoneal?
A.
Jejunum
B.
Transverse colon
C.
Stomach
D.
Pancreas
E.
Cecum
Question #45
"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the
A.
gastroileal reflex that moves materials from the stomach to the large intestine.
B.
propulsion of material between the segments of the GI tract.
C.
back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.
D.
division of function between the different segments of the small intestine.
Question #46
If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are referred to as
A.
osmodetectors.
B.
omental neurons
C.
chemoreceptors.
D.
bilireceptors.
E.
mechanoreceptors.
Question #47
The outer layer of the muscularis of the colon is discontinuous (does not entirely surround the colon), and forms the bundles of smooth muscles known as the teniae coli.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #48
What is the correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall, from innermost (next to lumen) to outermost?
A.
Muscularis - mucosa - adventitia/serosa - submucosa
B.
Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis - adventitia/serosa
C.
Mucosa - submucosa - adventitia/serosa - muscularis
D.
Adventitia/serosa - muscularis - mucosa - submucosa
E.
Adventitia/serosa - mucosa - submucosa - muscularis
Question #49
The esophagus is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found in the
A.
muscularis interna of the entire length of the GI tract.
B.
epithelium of the inferior portion of the GI tract.
C.
adventitia of the upper portion of the GI tract.
D.
mucosa and submucosa of the GI tract along its length.
E.
myenteric plexus of the mucosa of the intestine.
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