Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 3 (2)
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Question #1
The lungs remain inflated because
A.
intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.
B.
intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.
C.
intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.
D.
intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.
Question #2
Which statement accurately describes alveolar exchange of oxygen?
A.
Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.
B.
Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.
C.
Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.
D.
Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.
Question #3
What prevents the trachea from collapsing?
A.
The internal air pressure within the trachea
B.
The C-shaped cartilaginous rings
C.
The surrounding muscles
D.
The internal epithelium
Question #4
Airflow is ________ related to the pressure gradient and ________ related to resistance.
A.
directly; directly
B.
directly; inversely
C.
inversely; inversely
D.
inversely; directly
Question #5
Which do not belong to the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
A.
Alveolar ducts
B.
Terminal bronchioles
C.
Respiratory bronchioles
D.
Alveolar sacs
E.
Pulmonary alveoli
Question #6
Which statement is true regarding secondary bronchi?
A.
Each lung has two secondary bronchi.
B.
The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.
C.
Each lung has three secondary bronchi.
D.
Each lung has four secondary bronchi.
E.
The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.
Question #7
If all else remains equal, an increase in the difference between atmospheric and alveolar pressure results in an increase in airflow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #8
Which is not part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
A.
Bronchi
B.
Nasal cavity
C.
Alveoli
D.
Trachea
E.
Larynx
Question #9
Breathing muscles such as the diaphragm are controlled by neurons of the ________ nervous system.
A.
somatic
B.
enteric
C.
autonomic
Question #10
Which of the following has the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
A.
The blood circulating in systemic arteries
B.
The systemic cells
C.
The alveoli of the lungs
Question #11
Which answer places the following events in proper order for pulmonary ventilation? a: Thoracic cavity volume changes. b: Brainstem nuclei stimulate skeletal muscles to contract. c: Air flows down its pressure gradient. d: Dimensional changes in the thorax lead to pressure changes within the lung.
A.
c, a, d, b
B.
b, a, d, c
C.
a, c, d, b
D.
b, d, c, a
E.
d, c, b, a
Question #12
In addition to oxygen, hemoglobin also transports
A.
calcium and carbon dioxide.
B.
iron and albumin.
C.
carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.
D.
carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
Question #13
What is the name of the column of neurons within the medulla that initiates neural impulses for inspiration and expiration?
A.
Pontine respiratory center
B.
Dorsal respiratory group
C.
Phrenic nucleus
D.
Ventral respiratory group
Question #14
The hilum of the lung
A.
is the point of entrance for inhaled air.
B.
is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.
C.
is the point of exit of exhaled air.
D.
is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.
E.
serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.
Question #15
Pulmonary fibrosis
A.
decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.
B.
increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.
C.
increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.
D.
decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.
Question #16
Tracheal cartilages provide for ________ on the ________ aspect of the trachea.
A.
flexibility; posterior
B.
rigidity; posterior
C.
rigidity; anterior
D.
flexibility; anterior
Question #17
The bronchial circulation is a component of the pulmonary circulation.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #18
The carotid bodies contain ________ chemoreceptors that respond to changes in ________.
A.
peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs
B.
central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2
C.
central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2
D.
peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+
E.
peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2
Question #19
Where would you find the trachealis muscle?
A.
Between the trachea and the diaphragm
B.
Between the esophagus and the trachea
C.
Superior to the larynx
D.
Between the larynx and the pharynx
E.
Between the esophagus and the diaphragm
Question #20
Air flows out of the body during expiration because
A.
intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
B.
intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
C.
intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
D.
atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
Question #21
Which is not correct about the left lung?
A.
It is slightly smaller than the right lung.
B.
It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.
C.
It has an esophageal depression.
D.
It has a cardiac notch.
E.
It has a cardiac impression.
Question #22
Histamine release results in increased airway resistance and decreased airflow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #23
During expiration, relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals
A.
expands the rib cage.
B.
increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.
C.
increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.
D.
flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.
E.
stimulates the phrenic nerve.
Question #24
The anatomic features of the respiratory membrane that make alveolar gas exchange so efficient are
A.
its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.
B.
the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.
C.
its large surface area and minimal thickness.
D.
its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.
Question #25
What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi?
A.
Alveolar ducts
B.
Esophagus
C.
Trachea
D.
Pharynx
E.
Bronchioles
Question #26
Pepsinogen is an
A.
inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.
B.
active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.
C.
active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.
D.
inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.
Question #27
Villi
A.
are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
B.
are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
C.
increase surface area in the small intestine.
D.
contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
E.
generate movement of materials in the large intestine.
Question #28
An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the
A.
basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
B.
salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
C.
salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
D.
basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.
E.
glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.
Question #29
Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?
A.
Common bile duct
B.
Hepatopancreatic duct
C.
Pancreatic duct
D.
Cystic duct
E.
Hepatic duct
Question #30
Which is (are) not found in the wall of the large intestine?
A.
Intestinal glands
B.
Goblet cells
C.
Lymphatic nodules
D.
Villi
E.
Simple columnar epithelium
Question #31
The enzyme pepsin becomes active when pH is
A.
high.
B.
low.
Question #32
Which is the layer of the serous membrane that directly covers the surface of internal organs?
A.
Visceral peritoneum
B.
Rectal peritoneum
C.
Omental layer
D.
Parietal peritoneum
E.
Muscularis mucosa
Question #33
Which of the following is considered to be one of the primary digestive system hormones?
A.
Gastrin
B.
Pancreatic amylase
C.
Bile
D.
Hydrochloric acid
Question #34
The projections on the superior surface of the tongue, some of which house taste buds, are the
A.
tonsils.
B.
rugae.
C.
glossal spines.
D.
cilia.
E.
papillae.
Question #35
Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with
A.
mucus secretion.
B.
passage of chyme into the duodenum.
C.
peristalsis.
D.
passage of a bolus into the stomach.
E.
passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
Question #36
An organ that helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n)
A.
alimentary canal organ.
B.
diffuse ingestive structure.
C.
organ of mastication.
D.
chemically digesting organ.
E.
accessory digestive organ.
Question #37
Late one night, while studying for your anatomy class, you open a box of saltine crackers to do a little snacking. After chewing on a starchy morsel for a few minutes, you begin to notice a sweet taste in your mouth. What accounts for this?
A.
Esophageal reflux
B.
Salivary amylase activity
C.
Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet
D.
"Sweet" taste receptors are slower to respond than others
E.
Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH
Question #38
Duodenal glands (Brunner glands) that secrete a viscous mucus into the small intestine are located in the
A.
submucosa.
B.
mucosa.
C.
muscularis interna.
D.
serosa.
E.
adventitia.
Question #39
The ________ are considered the opening from the oral cavity to the oropharynx.
A.
fauces
B.
glossus
C.
choana
D.
fossae
E.
conchae
Question #40
The central cavity of a tooth is filled with
A.
dentin.
B.
cementum.
C.
enamel.
D.
pulp.
E.
calcium phosphate.
Question #41
Which peritoneal fold attaches the liver to the anterior internal body wall?
A.
Hepatic ligament
B.
Mesentery proper
C.
Intraperitoneal ligament
D.
Coronary ligament
E.
Falciform ligament
Question #42
The initial site of both mechanical and chemical digestion is the
A.
oral cavity.
B.
esophagus.
C.
pharynx.
D.
stomach.
E.
small intestine.
Question #43
The term "retroperitoneal" may be used to describe the location of certain abdominal organs. This means that such organs are located
A.
between folds of the parietal peritoneum.
B.
deep to the visceral peritoneum.
C.
posterior to the parietal peritoneum.
D.
between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.
E.
in the peritoneal cavity.
Question #44
Which organ is not considered an accessory digestive organ?
A.
Tongue
B.
Salivary glands
C.
Teeth
D.
Pharynx
E.
Pancreas
Question #45
If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are referred to as
A.
omental neurons
B.
mechanoreceptors.
C.
bilireceptors.
D.
osmodetectors.
E.
chemoreceptors.
Question #46
A.
peptides within the small intestine.
B.
starch within the stomach.
C.
disaccharides within the duodenum.
D.
amino acids within the stomach.
E.
complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.
Question #47
The presence of fatty chyme in the small intestine stimulates it to release ________, which causes the ________.
A.
gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution
B.
secretin; stomach to increase motility
C.
CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion
D.
secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice
E.
CCK; gallbladder to release bile
Question #48
Vitamin K and B vitamins produced by bacteria of the large intestine are absorbed into the blood.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #49
What is the correct order for the list of structures of the large intestine, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum? a: Left colic flexure b: Ascending colon c: Transverse colon d: Right colic flexure e: Sigmoid colon f: Descending colon
A.
b, d, c, a, f, e
B.
e, b, a, c, d, f
C.
f, c, d, e, a, b
D.
b, a, c, d, f, e
E.
e, b, d, c, a, f
Question #50
Gastric mixing changes
A.
chyle into pepsin.
B.
a bolus into chyme.
C.
foodstuffs into bile.
D.
food into chyle.
E.
proteins into lipids.
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