Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 3 (2)
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Question #1
The lungs remain inflated because
A.
intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.
B.
intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.
C.
intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.
D.
intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.
Question #2
Which statement accurately describes alveolar exchange of oxygen?
A.
Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.
B.
Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.
C.
Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen.
D.
Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the alveolus because the alveolus has a higher partial pressure of oxygen.
Question #3
What prevents the trachea from collapsing?
A.
The surrounding muscles
B.
The C-shaped cartilaginous rings
C.
The internal epithelium
D.
The internal air pressure within the trachea
Question #4
Airflow is ________ related to the pressure gradient and ________ related to resistance.
A.
directly; inversely
B.
directly; directly
C.
inversely; directly
D.
inversely; inversely
Question #5
Which do not belong to the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?
A.
Terminal bronchioles
B.
Respiratory bronchioles
C.
Pulmonary alveoli
D.
Alveolar ducts
E.
Alveolar sacs
Question #6
Which statement is true regarding secondary bronchi?
A.
Each lung has two secondary bronchi.
B.
The left lung has two secondary bronchi and the right lung has three secondary bronchi.
C.
The right lung has two secondary bronchi and the left lung has three secondary bronchi.
D.
Each lung has four secondary bronchi.
E.
Each lung has three secondary bronchi.
Question #7
If all else remains equal, an increase in the difference between atmospheric and alveolar pressure results in an increase in airflow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #8
Which is not part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
A.
Bronchi
B.
Alveoli
C.
Nasal cavity
D.
Larynx
E.
Trachea
Question #9
Breathing muscles such as the diaphragm are controlled by neurons of the ________ nervous system.
A.
somatic
B.
enteric
C.
autonomic
Question #10
Which of the following has the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
A.
The systemic cells
B.
The alveoli of the lungs
C.
The blood circulating in systemic arteries
Question #11
Which answer places the following events in proper order for pulmonary ventilation? a: Thoracic cavity volume changes. b: Brainstem nuclei stimulate skeletal muscles to contract. c: Air flows down its pressure gradient. d: Dimensional changes in the thorax lead to pressure changes within the lung.
A.
b, a, d, c
B.
c, a, d, b
C.
b, d, c, a
D.
d, c, b, a
E.
a, c, d, b
Question #12
In addition to oxygen, hemoglobin also transports
A.
carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.
B.
iron and albumin.
C.
carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
D.
calcium and carbon dioxide.
Question #13
What is the name of the column of neurons within the medulla that initiates neural impulses for inspiration and expiration?
A.
Dorsal respiratory group
B.
Pontine respiratory center
C.
Phrenic nucleus
D.
Ventral respiratory group
Question #14
The hilum of the lung
A.
serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.
B.
is the point of exit of exhaled air.
C.
is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.
D.
is the point of entrance for inhaled air.
E.
is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.
Question #15
Pulmonary fibrosis
A.
increases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.
B.
increases elasticity, thereby decreasing resistance and increasing airflow.
C.
decreases elasticity, thereby increasing resistance and decreasing airflow.
D.
decreases elasticity, thereby decreasing both resistance and airflow.
Question #16
Tracheal cartilages provide for ________ on the ________ aspect of the trachea.
A.
flexibility; posterior
B.
flexibility; anterior
C.
rigidity; anterior
D.
rigidity; posterior
Question #17
The bronchial circulation is a component of the pulmonary circulation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #18
The carotid bodies contain ________ chemoreceptors that respond to changes in ________.
A.
peripheral; concentrations of carbon, dust, and pollution in the lungs
B.
central; blood concentrations of H+, but not CO2 and O2
C.
central; cerebrospinal concentrations of CO2
D.
peripheral; cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of H+
E.
peripheral; blood concentrations of H+ and O2
Question #19
Where would you find the trachealis muscle?
A.
Superior to the larynx
B.
Between the larynx and the pharynx
C.
Between the esophagus and the trachea
D.
Between the trachea and the diaphragm
E.
Between the esophagus and the diaphragm
Question #20
Air flows out of the body during expiration because
A.
intrapleural pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
B.
atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure.
C.
intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
D.
intrapleural pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
Question #21
Which is not correct about the left lung?
A.
It has an esophageal depression.
B.
It has a cardiac notch.
C.
It has a cardiac impression.
D.
It has 2 lobes and 1 fissure.
E.
It is slightly smaller than the right lung.
Question #22
Histamine release results in increased airway resistance and decreased airflow.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #23
During expiration, relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals
A.
expands the rib cage.
B.
stimulates the phrenic nerve.
C.
flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.
D.
increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.
E.
increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.
Question #24
The anatomic features of the respiratory membrane that make alveolar gas exchange so efficient are
A.
the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.
B.
its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.
C.
its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.
D.
its large surface area and minimal thickness.
Question #25
What structure connects the larynx to the primary bronchi?
A.
Alveolar ducts
B.
Bronchioles
C.
Esophagus
D.
Pharynx
E.
Trachea
Question #26
Pepsinogen is an
A.
inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.
B.
active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.
C.
active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.
D.
inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.
Question #27
Villi
A.
are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract, generate movement of materials in the large intestine, increase surface area in the small intestine, and contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
B.
contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
C.
are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
D.
increase surface area in the small intestine.
E.
generate movement of materials in the large intestine.
Question #28
An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the
A.
salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
B.
basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.
C.
glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.
D.
salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
E.
basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
Question #29
Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?
A.
Common bile duct
B.
Cystic duct
C.
Pancreatic duct
D.
Hepatopancreatic duct
E.
Hepatic duct
Question #30
Which is (are) not found in the wall of the large intestine?
A.
Simple columnar epithelium
B.
Villi
C.
Goblet cells
D.
Lymphatic nodules
E.
Intestinal glands
Question #31
The enzyme pepsin becomes active when pH is
A.
low.
B.
high.
Question #32
Which is the layer of the serous membrane that directly covers the surface of internal organs?
A.
Muscularis mucosa
B.
Visceral peritoneum
C.
Rectal peritoneum
D.
Parietal peritoneum
E.
Omental layer
Question #33
Which of the following is considered to be one of the primary digestive system hormones?
A.
Hydrochloric acid
B.
Gastrin
C.
Pancreatic amylase
D.
Bile
Question #34
The projections on the superior surface of the tongue, some of which house taste buds, are the
A.
tonsils.
B.
glossal spines.
C.
cilia.
D.
rugae.
E.
papillae.
Question #35
Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with
A.
peristalsis.
B.
passage of chyme into the duodenum.
C.
passage of a bolus into the stomach.
D.
passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
E.
mucus secretion.
Question #36
An organ that helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n)
A.
chemically digesting organ.
B.
accessory digestive organ.
C.
alimentary canal organ.
D.
organ of mastication.
E.
diffuse ingestive structure.
Question #37
A.
Salivary amylase activity
B.
Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet
C.
Esophageal reflux
D.
Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH
E.
"Sweet" taste receptors are slower to respond than others
Question #38
Duodenal glands (Brunner glands) that secrete a viscous mucus into the small intestine are located in the
A.
submucosa.
B.
adventitia.
C.
muscularis interna.
D.
mucosa.
E.
serosa.
Question #39
The ________ are considered the opening from the oral cavity to the oropharynx.
A.
choana
B.
glossus
C.
fossae
D.
conchae
E.
fauces
Question #40
The central cavity of a tooth is filled with
A.
dentin.
B.
enamel.
C.
calcium phosphate.
D.
cementum.
E.
pulp.
Question #41
Which peritoneal fold attaches the liver to the anterior internal body wall?
A.
Falciform ligament
B.
Hepatic ligament
C.
Coronary ligament
D.
Intraperitoneal ligament
E.
Mesentery proper
Question #42
The initial site of both mechanical and chemical digestion is the
A.
small intestine.
B.
pharynx.
C.
oral cavity.
D.
stomach.
E.
esophagus.
Question #43
The term "retroperitoneal" may be used to describe the location of certain abdominal organs. This means that such organs are located
A.
between folds of the parietal peritoneum.
B.
in the peritoneal cavity.
C.
between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum.
D.
deep to the visceral peritoneum.
E.
posterior to the parietal peritoneum.
Question #44
Which organ is not considered an accessory digestive organ?
A.
Teeth
B.
Salivary glands
C.
Tongue
D.
Pharynx
E.
Pancreas
Question #45
If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are referred to as
A.
bilireceptors.
B.
omental neurons
C.
mechanoreceptors.
D.
osmodetectors.
E.
chemoreceptors.
Question #46
A.
peptides within the small intestine.
B.
disaccharides within the duodenum.
C.
starch within the stomach.
D.
complex carbohydrates within the small intestine.
E.
amino acids within the stomach.
Question #47
The presence of fatty chyme in the small intestine stimulates it to release ________, which causes the ________.
A.
gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution
B.
CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion
C.
secretin; stomach to increase motility
D.
secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice
E.
CCK; gallbladder to release bile
Question #48
Vitamin K and B vitamins produced by bacteria of the large intestine are absorbed into the blood.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #49
What is the correct order for the list of structures of the large intestine, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum? a: Left colic flexure b: Ascending colon c: Transverse colon d: Right colic flexure e: Sigmoid colon f: Descending colon
A.
e, b, a, c, d, f
B.
e, b, d, c, a, f
C.
b, d, c, a, f, e
D.
b, a, c, d, f, e
E.
f, c, d, e, a, b
Question #50
Gastric mixing changes
A.
a bolus into chyme.
B.
chyle into pepsin.
C.
proteins into lipids.
D.
food into chyle.
E.
foodstuffs into bile.
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