Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 3 (1)
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Question #1
The involuntary, rhythmic activities that deliver and remove respiratory gases are regulated in the
A.
brainstem.
B.
cerebellum.
C.
occipital lobe of the brain.
D.
midbrain.
E.
cerebral nuclei.
Question #2
Which answer places the following events in proper order for pulmonary ventilation? a: Thoracic cavity volume changes. b: Brainstem nuclei stimulate skeletal muscles to contract. c: Air flows down its pressure gradient. d: Dimensional changes in the thorax lead to pressure changes within the lung.
A.
b, a, d, c
B.
d, c, b, a
C.
a, c, d, b
D.
c, a, d, b
E.
b, d, c, a
Question #3
Terminal bronchioles of the lower respiratory system are lined with
A.
stratified columnar epithelium.
B.
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
C.
nonkeratinized stratified squamous.
D.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
E.
simple cuboidal epithelium.
Question #4
The chest wall is anatomically configured to contract inwardly, so that when the thorax is opened surgically its walls collapse.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #5
The bronchial circulation is a component of the pulmonary circulation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #6
About 70% of the CO 2 that diffuses into systemic capillaries
A.
binds to hemoglobin.
B.
combines with water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions.
C.
directly dissolves in the plasma.
D.
forms carbonic anhydrase, which combines carbonic acid and water to solubilize the CO2.
Question #7
The anatomic features of the respiratory membrane that make alveolar gas exchange so efficient are
A.
its hearty thickness and the presence of oxygen transport pumps.
B.
the high degree of moisture and the large ratio of volume to surface area.
C.
its thinness, high water content, and scarcity of capillaries.
D.
its large surface area and minimal thickness.
Question #8
Food is normally prevented from entering the nasopharynx by the
A.
elevation of the soft palate.
B.
constriction of the esophagus.
C.
closure of the nasal conchae.
D.
elevation of the epiglottis.
E.
depression of the hard palate.
Question #9
Compared to its partial pressure in the atmosphere, oxygen's partial pressure in the alveoli is
A.
lower.
B.
equivalent.
C.
higher.
Question #10
The hilum of the lung
A.
is the point of entrance for inhaled air.
B.
serves to anchor all pulmonary structures to the mediastinum.
C.
is an elevated area through which the trachea, pulmonary vessels, and nerves pass.
D.
is an indented area through which the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves pass.
E.
is the point of exit of exhaled air.
Question #11
An increase in dead space results in
A.
decreases in both alveolar and pulmonary ventilation.
B.
a decrease in alveolar ventilation but no change in pulmonary ventilation.
C.
an increase in alveolar ventilation but a decrease in pulmonary ventilation.
D.
an increase in alveolar ventilation but no change in pulmonary ventilation.
E.
a decrease in alveolar ventilation but an increase in pulmonary ventilation.
F.
increases in both alveolar and pulmonary ventilation.
Question #12
The most common cell making up the alveolar wall is the
A.
alveolar type II cell.
B.
alveolar type I cell.
C.
dust cell.
D.
alveolar macrophage.
E.
septal cell.
Question #13
The depth and rate of respiration influence blood levels of hydrogen ion.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #14
If all else remains equal, an increase in the difference between atmospheric and alveolar pressure results in an increase in airflow.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #15
During expiration, relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostals
A.
increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.
B.
stimulates the phrenic nerve.
C.
flattens the floor of the thoracic cavity.
D.
expands the rib cage.
E.
increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity.
Question #16
Bronchial arteries carry ________ blood to the tissues of the lung.
A.
oxygenated
B.
deoxygenated
Question #17
On each side of the chest, the ________ pleura lines the internal thoracic wall, and the ________ pleura tightly covers the lung.
A.
fibrous; serous
B.
parietal; visceral
C.
thoracic; pulmonary
D.
visceral; parietal
E.
respiratory; pleural
Question #18
What changes in the blood levels of respiratory gases result from hyperventilation?
A.
Oxygen levels rise and carbon dioxide levels fall.
B.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels fall.
C.
Oxygen levels do not change but carbon dioxide levels fall.
D.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels rise.
Question #19
At rest, a normal person breathes about ________ times per minute.
A.
32
B.
12
C.
26
D.
50
E.
8
Question #20
An increase in the partial pressure of CO 2 causes bronchioles to
A.
constrict.
B.
dilate.
Question #21
What structures are used by both the respiratory and digestive systems?
A.
Laryngopharynx and esophagus
B.
Laryngopharynx and larynx
C.
Nasal cavity and nasopharynx
D.
Paranasal sinuses
E.
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Question #22
The larynx is supported by nine pieces of cartilage. Which cartilages occur in pairs?
A.
Corniculate, cuneiform, and arytenoid
B.
Thyroid and corniculate
C.
Arytenoid and epiglottis
D.
Corniculate and cricoid
E.
Cricoid, corniculate, and arytenoid
Question #23
The lungs remain inflated because
A.
intrapulmonary pressure is less than intrapleural pressure.
B.
intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to intrapulmonary pressure.
C.
intrapleural pressure is less than intrapulmonary pressure.
D.
intrapleural pressure is exactly equal to atmospheric pressure.
Question #24
The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the
A.
forced expiratory volume.
B.
tidal volume.
C.
functional residual capacity.
D.
vital capacity.
E.
inspiratory reserve volume.
Question #25
Hemoglobin is crucial for oxygen transport in the blood because oxygen has a ________ solubility coefficient in water.
A.
low
B.
high
Question #26
The central cavity of a tooth is filled with
A.
calcium phosphate.
B.
pulp.
C.
cementum.
D.
dentin.
E.
enamel.
Question #27
Mastication is a process that facilitates
A.
propulsion of materials through the intestine, and it involves simultaneous secretion of enzymes.
B.
mixing of food within the stomach, and it occurs with simultaneous hormone secretion there.
C.
absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream, and it involves carrier proteins in the epithelium.
D.
swallowing of food, and it increases the surface area of the food for exposure to enzymes.
Question #28
The inferior esophageal sphincter is also known as the
A.
cardiac sphincter.
B.
pyloric sphincter.
C.
pharyngealgastric sphincter.
D.
pharyngoesophageal sphincter.
E.
esophageal hiatus.
Question #29
An organ that helps break down food but is not part of the tube through which the foodstuffs pass is referred to as a(n)
A.
organ of mastication.
B.
accessory digestive organ.
C.
chemically digesting organ.
D.
alimentary canal organ.
E.
diffuse ingestive structure.
Question #30
Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?
A.
Hepatic duct
B.
Hepatopancreatic duct
C.
Pancreatic duct
D.
Cystic duct
E.
Common bile duct
Question #31
What is the correct order for the layers of the GI tract wall, from innermost (next to lumen) to outermost?
A.
Mucosa - submucosa - adventitia/serosa - muscularis
B.
Mucosa - submucosa - muscularis - adventitia/serosa
C.
Adventitia/serosa - mucosa - submucosa - muscularis
D.
Adventitia/serosa - muscularis - mucosa - submucosa
E.
Muscularis - mucosa - adventitia/serosa - submucosa
Question #32
Which of the following is considered to be one of the primary digestive system hormones?
A.
Bile
B.
Hydrochloric acid
C.
Gastrin
D.
Pancreatic amylase
Question #33
The gallbladder is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
Amylase from saliva digests
A.
protein.
B.
lipids.
C.
glucose.
D.
starch.
Question #35
Which organ is retroperitoneal?
A.
Jejunum
B.
Pancreas
C.
Stomach
D.
Transverse colon
E.
Cecum
Question #36
The pharynx is lined with a keratinized epithelium to protect against abrasion.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
A.
active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.
B.
inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.
C.
inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.
D.
active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.
Question #38
For the majority of the GI tract, which layer(s) of the wall contain smooth muscle?
A.
Serosa only
B.
Muscularis only
C.
Submucosa and muscularis
D.
Mucosa and adventitia
E.
Mucosa and muscularis
Question #39
Peristalsis
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the GI tract wall that propels materials through the tract.
C.
is under voluntary control.
D.
involves back-and-forth movement for mixing.
E.
involves the opening and closing of muscular sphincters.
Question #40
The term "canines" describes the teeth that
A.
are most anterior, used for slicing and cutting.
B.
are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing.
C.
are only found as permanent teeth.
D.
bear dental cusps for cutting and grinding.
Question #41
Vitamin K and B vitamins produced by bacteria of the large intestine are absorbed into the blood.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #42
The ________ are considered the opening from the oral cavity to the oropharynx.
A.
fauces
B.
conchae
C.
fossae
D.
glossus
E.
choana
Question #43
Which bones form the hard palate?
A.
Palatine bones
B.
Palatine bones and maxillae
C.
Maxillae and sphenoid
D.
Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae
E.
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Question #44
An increased secretion of watery saliva will result when the
A.
glossopharyngeal nuclei of the pons activate somatic and sympathetic pathways to the salivary glands.
B.
basal nuclei of the brainstem activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
C.
salivary nuclei of the brainstem activate parasympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
D.
salivary nuclei of the cerebrum activate sympathetic pathways to salivary glands.
E.
basal nuclei of the cerebrum activate somatic pathways to salivary glands.
Question #45
The projections on the superior surface of the tongue, some of which house taste buds, are the
A.
tonsils.
B.
rugae.
C.
papillae.
D.
glossal spines.
E.
cilia.
Question #46
If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are referred to as
A.
bilireceptors.
B.
omental neurons
C.
mechanoreceptors.
D.
chemoreceptors.
E.
osmodetectors.
Question #47
The accumulation of large amounts of adipose tissue in the ________ that extends from the inferolateral surface of the stomach can form what is commonly called a "beer belly."
A.
greater omentum
B.
lesser omentum
C.
mesocolon
D.
mesentery proper
E.
falciform ligament
Question #48
Which is not a lobe of the liver?
A.
Quadrate lobe
B.
Caudate lobe
C.
Round lobe
D.
Left lobe
E.
Right lobe
Question #49
The outer layer of the muscularis of the colon is discontinuous (does not entirely surround the colon), and forms the bundles of smooth muscles known as the teniae coli.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #50
"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the
A.
gastroileal reflex that moves materials from the stomach to the large intestine.
B.
back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.
C.
propulsion of material between the segments of the GI tract.
D.
division of function between the different segments of the small intestine.
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