Philosophy 1330 - Ethics » Summer 2021 » Quiz 2
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Question #1
Many people believe that religion is necessary for
A.
us to be motivated to act morally and morality to exist at all.
B.
us to be motivated to act morally, to know the difference between right and wrong, and morality to exist at all.
C.
morality to exist at all.
D.
us to know the difference between right and wrong.
Question #2
According to the Argument for God’s Creation of Morality,
A.
if God is the author of the moral law, then humans cannot be.
B.
humans author some laws.
C.
humans author some laws, the moral law requires a lawmaker, and if God is the author of the moral law, then humans cannot be
D.
the moral law requires a lawmaker.
Question #3
The Divine Command Theory states that
A.
acts are morally required just because they are commanded by God.
B.
God did not create morality but always accurately reports it.
C.
God’s commands are always based on good reasons.
D.
God’s commands are always based on good reasons, God did not create morality but always accurately reports it, and acts are morally required just because they are commanded by God.
Question #4
In Plato’s Euthyphro, Socrates asks
A.
“Do the gods love actions because they are pious, or are actions pious because the gods love them?
B.
“Why would someone who does not believe in the gods act justly?”
C.
“What reasons do we have for believing in the gods?”
D.
“How do we determine what the gods command us to do?"
Question #5
According to natural law theory, an action is right if and only if it
A.
is in accordance with God’s commands.
B.
is permitted by the laws of the government.
C.
is in accordance with human nature.
D.
maximizes happiness.
Question #6
A moral agent is an individual who
A.
consistently does the morally right thing. and represents another person in a legal context.
B.
represents another person in a legal context.
C.
is morally responsible for his or her actions.
D.
consistently does the morally right thing.
Question #7
According to natural law theory, moral truths are
A.
conceptual truths.
B.
unknowable.
C.
self-evident.
D.
empirical truths.
Question #8
Rousseau believed that people are inherently ___________, whereas Hobbes believed they are inherently ___________.
A.
neither good nor bad; selfish
B.
selfish; neither good nor bad
C.
selfish; cooperative
D.
cooperative; selfish
Question #9
What makes someone a good person, according to the natural law theory?
A.
doing whatever maximizes happiness
B.
fulfilling his or her true nature
C.
obeying the laws of the land
D.
obeying God’s commands
Question #10
Moral laws clearly differ from laws of nature in that they
A.
are real, whereas laws of nature are imaginary.
B.
tell us what we ought to do as opposed to what we will do.
C.
are imaginary, whereas laws of nature are real.
D.
tell us what we will do as opposed to what we ought to do.
Question #11
The story of the Ring of Gyges suggests that when people are free to do whatever they want without consequences, they tend to behave
A.
more kindly and less competitively.
B.
in ways that are spontaneous and creative.
C.
selfishly.
D.
in ways that are spontaneous and creative and more kindly and less competitively.
Question #12
Psychological egoism is the theory that
A.
everything people do is fundamentally motivated by self-interest.
B.
the mind is composed of the id, the superego, and the ego.
C.
acting solely out of self-interest is psychologically unhealthy.
D.
people morally ought to pursue their self-interest at all times.
Question #13
Altruism is
A.
a desire to benefit others in order to further our own ends.
B.
any action that benefits others.
C.
any action that benefits others, a direct desire to benefit others for their own sake, and a desire to benefit others in order to further our own ends.
D.
a direct desire to benefit others for their own sake.
Question #14
Psychological egoism is
A.
a descriptive theory of human motivation.
B.
a character trait that certain people have.
C.
an ethical theory about how we ought to act.
D.
a political theory about how society ought to be organized.
Question #15
Which of the following best describes the relationship between psychological egoism and ethics?
A.
The truth of psychological egoism would mean that most of what we take for granted about morality would be mistaken.
B.
Psychological egoism has no implications for ethics.
C.
Psychological egoism aims to provide a comprehensive guide to our moral obligations.
D.
The truth of psychological egoism would have a few minor implications for ethics.
Question #16
According to ethical egoism, conflicts between self-interest and morality are
A.
impossible.
B.
widespread.
C.
rare but should always be resolved in favor of morality.
D.
rare but should always be resolved in favor of self-interest.
Question #17
The Best Argument for Ethical Egoism states that
A.
egoism makes everyone better off.
B.
if there is good reason to do something, then doing it must make you better off.
C.
no one is capable of behaving altruistically.
D.
if doing something makes you better off, then there is good reason to do it.
Question #18
Ethical egoism
A.
violates many widely shared moral beliefs, cannot allow for the existence of genuine moral rights, and arbitrarily elevates the interests of some people over those of others.
B.
cannot allow for the existence of genuine moral rights.
C.
arbitrarily elevates the interests of some people over those of others.
D.
violates many widely shared moral beliefs and arbitrarily elevates the interests of some people over those of others.
Question #19
If ethical egoism is true, then everyone
A.
is entitled to one’s own property, is allowed to pursue self-interest and has the right to be free from the interference of others when pursuing self-interest.
B.
has the right to be free from the interference of others when pursuing self-interest.
C.
is allowed to pursue self-interest.
D.
is entitled to one’s own property.
Question #20
If ethical egoism is true, then I should regard the interests of others as having
A.
more moral importance than my own interests.
B.
no moral importance.
C.
just as much moral importance as my own interests.
D.
some moral importance but not as much as my own interests.
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