Biology 2060 - Anatomy and Physiology II » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 4 (2)
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Question #1
The capsular hydrostatic pressure is generally ______ than the glomerular hydrostatic pressure; increases incapsular hydrostatic pressure _________ the formation of additional filtrate.
A.
smaller; facilitate
B.
larger; facilitate
C.
smaller; impede
D.
larger; impede
Question #2
Cortical nephrons have their corpuscles near the _________ edge of the cortex and are the ______ common type of nephron.
A.
deeper; less
B.
deeper; more
C.
peripheral; less
D.
peripheral; more
Question #3
Which is not correct regarding nephrons?
A.
The renal corpuscle may be located in the renal cortex or renal medulla.
B.
Eighty-five percent of nephrons are cortical nephrons.
C.
The renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule.
D.
The renal tubule is composed of the proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule.
E.
The nephron is the functional filtration unit in the kidney.
Question #4
The word "countercurrent" within "countercurrent multiplier" refers to the opposite direction of flow of
A.
tubular fluid within the ascending and descending limb of the nephron loop.
B.
salts and water across the wall of the renal tubule.
C.
tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule.
D.
sodium and potassium across the wall of the nephron.
Question #5
The external urethral sphincter is voluntarily controlled.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #6
Blood colloid osmotic pressure opposes glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #7
The tubular pole of the renal corpuscle is where afferent and efferent arterioles attach to the glomerulus.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #8
Which layer is not found in the wall of the urinary bladder?
A.
Adventitia
B.
Mucosa
C.
No exceptions; all layers are found in the wall of the urinary bladder
D.
Submucosa
E.
Muscularis
Question #9
The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from most other capillary networks in the body because they
A.
secrete mucus.
B.
drain into anarteriole instead of a venule.
C.
contain noendothelium.
D.
absorb nutrients from the glomerular capsule.
E.
carry only deoxygenated blood.
Question #10
The higher the concentration of a substance in the blood, the greater its transport maximum is.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #11
The kidneys are located ___________ the peritoneum.
A.
within
B.
anterior to
C.
posterior to
Question #12
Collecting ducts are larger than collecting tubules.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #13
The average adult kidney weighs about 100 grams and measures about
A.
15 cm long, 10.5 cmwide, and 4.5 cm thick.
B.
12 cm long, 6.5 cmwide, and 2.5 cm thick.
C.
8 cm long, 10.5 cmwide, and 2.5 cm thick.
D.
12 cm long, 2.5 cmwide, and 8 cm thick.
E.
8 cm long, 4 cmwide, and 1.5 cm thick.
Question #14
The reabsorption of both sodium and potassium is carefully regulated.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #15
Which is not correct regarding the innervation of the kidney?
A.
Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction of the renal blood vessels.
B.
Parasympathetic innervation is from the vagus nerve.
C.
Sympathetic innervation is from segments T10-T12 of the spinal cord.
D.
Parasympathetic stimulation decreases the rate of filtrate formation.
E.
The kidney is served by the renal plexus.
Question #16
Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney results in
A.
dilation of afferent arterioles and a decrease in the surface area of the glomerulus.
B.
dilation of afferent arterioles and an increase in the surface area of the glomerulus.
C.
constriction of afferent arterioles and an increase in the surface area of the glomerulus.
D.
constriction of afferent arterioles and a decrease in the surface area of the glomerulus.
Question #17
Which class of nephron is crucially important in establishing a salt concentration gradient in the kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated?
A.
Intercalated nephrons
B.
Adrenal nephrons
C.
Juxtamedullary nephrons
D.
Cortical nephrons
Question #18
The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the
A.
minor calyx.
B.
renal cortex.
C.
renal pelvis.
D.
renal sinus.
E.
renal capsule.
Question #19
As blood flows through the vasa recta alongside the ascending limb of the nephron loop, the blood is flowing
A.
toward the cortex.
B.
deep into the medulla.
Question #20
In response to low blood ________, the kidneys secrete __________.
A.
sodium; calcitriol
B.
glucose; calcitriol
C.
oxygen; erythropoietin
D.
potassium; erythropoietin
E.
calcium; renin
Question #21
A child has the same number of chromosomes as each of his parents. This is because the gametes that combined when that child was conceived each contained _____ chromosomes.
A.
92
B.
12
C.
23
D.
46
E.
2
Question #22
How many spermatozoa ultimately develop from each primary spermatocyte?
A.
1
B.
5
C.
2
D.
3
E.
4
Question #23
What is the correct order for the phases of the uterine cycle, beginning with day 1?
A.
Menstrual -proliferative - secretory
B.
Proliferative - menstrual - secretory
C.
Menstrual - secretory - proliferative
D.
Proliferative - secretory - menstrual
E.
Secretory - proliferative - menstrual
Question #24
An erection of the penis is caused by
A.
ejaculatory muscles.
B.
blood filling the erectile bodies and compressing the veins.
C.
semen pressure from the testes and ductus deferens.
D.
increased secretions of lymph into the spongy tissue.
E.
muscle flexion of the penile muscles.
Question #25
Which is not correct regarding the ovaries?
A.
The tunicaalbuginea is deep to the germinal epithelium.
B.
The ovaries are located lateral to the uterus.
C.
Each ovary has an outer cortex and an inner medulla.
D.
The ovarian artery and vein join the ovary at its hilum.
E.
The gametes develop from the ovarian germinal epithelium.
Question #26
How many secondary oocytes ultimately develop from each primary oocyte?
A.
4
B.
3
C.
2
D.
1
E.
5
Question #27
Ovulation typically occurs on day 14 of the ovarian cycle, and the luteal phase occurs on days
A.
6–14.
B.
15–28.
C.
1–5.
D.
8–18.
Question #28
The corpora cavernosa extend within the glans of the penis.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #29
A cell that contains 23 pairs of chromosomes is
A.
haploid.
B.
diploid.
C.
monoid.
D.
polyploid.
Question #30
The ridge that is visible externally along the midline of the scrotum is called the
A.
scrotal cord.
B.
perineum.
C.
raphe.
D.
tunica albuginea.
E.
septum.
Question #31
Throughout childhood,primary oocytes are arrested in
A.
prophase I.
B.
metaphase I.
C.
prophase II.
D.
anaphase I.
E.
metaphase II.
Question #32
Both males and females have accessory reproductive organs, including ducts through which gametes are carried.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #33
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
Which of these structures contains sebaceous glands?
A.
Vestibular bulb
B.
Mons pubis
C.
Prepuce
D.
Labia minora
E.
Clitoris
Question #35
The X and Y chromosomes are considered homologous autosomes.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #36
Menarche is
A.
a female’s first menstrual cycle.
B.
the stage immediately preceding menopause.
C.
marked by adramatic decline in androgen secretion.
D.
the first four days of menstruation.
E.
the final phase of the uterine cycle.
Question #37
A.
ductus deferens and the ducts of the prostate gland.
B.
ampulla and the proximal portion of the seminal vesicle.
C.
ampulla and the distal portions of the bulbourethral glands.
D.
ampulla and the prostatic urethra.
E.
ductus deferensand the ducts of the prostate gland and bulbourethral glands.
Question #38
Which layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation?
A.
Perimetrium
B.
Epimetrium
C.
Myometrium
D.
Basal layer of endometrium
E.
Functional layer of endometrium
Question #39
The male homologue to the labia majora is the
A.
scrotum.
B.
bulbourethral gland.
C.
testis.
D.
prostate gland.
E.
penis.
Question #40
Human somatic cells contain only one pair of
A.
autosomes.
B.
chromosomes.
C.
sex chromosomes.
D.
homologous chromosomes.
Question #41
The dartos muscle is composed of smooth muscle; the cremaster muscle is composed of skeletal muscle.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #42
In both genders, the development of axillary hair signals the onset of puberty.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #43
FSH facilitates the development of a primary follicle, but estrogen released by a primary follicle inhibits production of GnRH, LH, and FSH.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #44
During menopause, the vaginal wall
A.
becomes thicker.
B.
becomes thinner.
Question #45
Production of new primary oocytes by mitosis continues throughout a woman’s life.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #46
A.
secrete sex hormones.
B.
produce gametes.
C.
are dormant until puberty and are the male testes and female ovaries.
D.
are the male testes and female ovaries.
E.
secrete sex hormones, produce gametes, are dormant until puberty,and are the male testes and female ovaries.
Question #47
Prior to puberty, the anterior pituitary does not release FSH and LH.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #48
What is the correct order for the phases of the ovarian cycle, beginning with day 1?
A.
Follicular,luteal, ovulation
B.
Ovulation,follicular, luteal
C.
Luteal,follicular, ovulation
D.
Ovulation,luteal, follicular
E.
Follicular,ovulation, luteal
Question #49
The process by which double-stranded, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material is known as
A.
crossing over, and it occurs in mitosis.
B.
crossing over, and it occurs in interphase.
C.
interphase, and it occurs in meiosis.
D.
crossing over, and it occurs in meiosis.
E.
interphase, and it occurs in mitosis.
Question #50
Inhibin is secreted by
A.
the posterior pituitary, and it inhibits ovulation.
B.
hypothalamic cells, and it inhibits LH production.
C.
uterine lining cells, and it inhibits development of ovarian follicles.
D.
the anterior pituitary,and it inhibits GnRH production.
E.
follicular cells,and it inhibits FSH production.
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