Soc 001 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2021 » Examination 1

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Question #1
Judging others by the standards of one's own culture is called:
A.   cultural relativism
B.   racism
C.   ethnocentrism
D.   a self-fulfilling prophecy
Question #2
The term for an irrationality-based negative or positive attitude toward certain groups and their members is:
A.   prejudice
B.   discrimination
C.   cultural relativism
D.   ethnocentrism
E.   stereotype
Question #3
According to your text, sociology is defined as the:
A.   qualitative analysis of human phenomena.
B.   systematic study of society and social interaction(s)..
C.   theoretical examination of life’s origins.
D.   quantitative analysis of social transgressions.
Question #4
According to your text, how individuals understand their own and others’ pasts in relation to history and social structure is an example of using:
A.   Auguste Comte's positivism.
B.   C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination.
C.   Karl Marx's false consciousness.
D.   W.E.B. Du Bois' double consciousness.
Question #5
A hypothesis can be defined as:
A.   an attempt to different aspects of social relationships.explain large-scale relationships.
B.   philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.
C.   a true statement.
D.   a testable proposition.
Question #6
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which theoretical perspective would Jeremy’s argument fall under?
A.   Functionalism
B.   Conflict Theory
C.   Figuration
D.   Symbolic Interactionism
Question #7
That McDonald’s is found in almost every country around the world is an example of cultural:
A.   discovery
B.   diffusion
C.   conflict
D.   ethnocentrism
E.   appropriation
Question #8
Jamaal is conducting a study on gambling. He allows each participant in his study to talk in-depth and at length about their experiences with gambling. Jason is using which method to gather information?
A.   unstructured interviews
B.   experiment
C.   paper/pencil questionnaires
D.   observation
Question #9
A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher’s reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of the:
A.   authority effect
B.   Hawthorne effect
C.   Heisenberg Principle
D.   Thomas Theorem
E.   regressive Effect
Question #10
Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association’s code of ethics?
A.   to report findings accurately
B.   to ensure the financial gain of the researchers
C.   to maintain value neutrality
D.   to guarantee the safety of their participants
E.   to foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology
Question #11
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin’s study had a high level of:
A.   interpretation
B.   validity
C.   bias
D.   reliability
Question #12
Society and culture:
A.   could not exist without each other
B.   are the same thing
C.   are unrelated
D.   could not exist together
Question #13
What is one difference between a more and a folkway?
A.   violating mores can have serious consequences if violated; violating folkways does not
B.   mores are based on norms; folkways are not
C.   there is no difference--mores are a kind of folkway
D.   mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not
Question #14
The term language can be defined as:
A.   a symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted
B.   communication based on ideals, norms, and values
C.   gestures, signs, and objects that help people understand the world
D.   the exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching agreement about something
Question #15
Professor Fuentes encourages her students to consider how laws, education, religion, and the media influence how people think, feel, and act. Professor Fuentes wants her students to use:
A.   reinforcement theory
B.   common sense
C.   the sociological imagination
D.   historical and biographical analysis
Question #16
Symbolic interactionists call attention to:
A.   how social life is “constructed” through everyday acts of social communication
B.   structured inequalities in society
C.   broad social structures (institutions) and how they interact with each other
D.   conflicts between “workers” and “owners”
Question #17
“Freedom” is an American:
A.   norm
B.   social institution
C.   value
D.   folkway
E.   more
Question #18
Tameka teaches her children that people come to view themselves as they think others perceive them. Tameka is teaching her children about:
A.   feminist sociology
B.   disengagement theory
C.   the looking-glass self
D.   labeling
Question #19
Shonda returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, and finds it difficult to balance her responsibilities as mother, wife, and executive. This is an example of:
A.   cultural relativism.
B.   role conflict.
C.   an ascribed status.
D.   culture shock.
Question #20
In the United States, a person convicted of a felony drug charge is ineligible to receive federal financial aid to attend college. Because of this law, ex-convicts who are released from prison have limited access to higher education and high-paying jobs. Many return to a life of crime. This is an example of a/an __________ of the law.
A.   latent dysfunction
B.   formal sanction
C.   manifest function
D.   latent function
Question #21
The Agricultural Revolution is sometimes referred to as “dawn of civilization” because:
A.   tribes became nomadic, traveling to various locations in search of sustenance
B.   cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities
C.   animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival
D.   societies began to form where rainfall was plentiful; groups were able to grow flowers            instead of living nomadic lifestyles
Question #22
Alienation is defined by your text as:
A.   the act of defying social norms in favor of group unity
B.   where the individual is isolated from his or her society, work, or sense of self
C.   the strength of ties that people have to their social groups--a key factor in social life
D.   feeling victimized by social forces which exist outside the individual
Question #23
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor’s analysis is _____, while Felix’s analysis is _____.
A.   They are both micro-level.
B.   Macro-level; micro-level
C.   Micro-level; macro-level
D.   They are both macro-level.
Question #24
Emile Durkheim:
A.   argued that societies were inherently unstable due to conflict between groups over resources
B.   used social research to demonstrate that segregation was harmful to young black schoolchildren
C.   used archival material to study suicide rates
D.   used an experiment to demonstrate that automobiles with certain political bumper stickers were more likely to be stopped by police
Question #25
Tyson is researching whether the appearance of actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers’ body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting what kind of research?
A.   An experiment
B.   Secondary data analysis
C.   Field research
D.   A survey
Question #26
If we say that a student who engages in delinquent actions will show a decline in school performance, then "decline in school performance" is a(n):
A.   constant
B.   dependent variable
C.   independent variable
D.   hypothesis
Question #27
Karl Marx asserted that social change would come about through:
A.   the proletariat fighting each other for a position within the bourgeoisie
B.   the enslaved bourgeoisie reclaiming power from the controlling proletariat
C.   the working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeoisie
D.   the bourgeoisie struggling for the allocation of resources amongst themselves
Question #28
A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. Who would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management?
A.   a symbolic interactionist
B.   a functionalist
C.   a feminist
D.   a conflict theorist
Question #29
A cultural universal is:
A.   an object that belongs to an entire group
B.   the ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society
C.   a written document outlining appropriate behavior
D.   a pattern or institution found in all societies
Question #30
Elementary school children are taught to place their right hands over their hearts during the pledge of allegiance. These children are being taught some of the norms and values of the U.S. this is an example of:
A.   anticipatory socialization
B.   the sociological imagination
C.   the looking-glass self
D.   the hidden curriculum
E.   moral reasoning
Question #31
Which of the following best captures the functionalist view of society?
A.   "Life is crude, brutish and short and the state of nature is a struggle of all against all."
B.   "The history of all the hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggle."
C.   "Survival of the fittest."
D.   "All parts work together to promote the stability of the whole."
E.   All of these reflect the functionalist view
Question #32
According to the text, it is most common for sociological research to:
A.   assume that common sense assumptions are wrong and not study them
B.   find that the truth is more complicated than our common sense would suggest
C.   directly contradict our common sense assumptions
D.   confirm our common sense assumptions
Question #33
In the U.S., there is a diverse division of labor. We rely on farmers, truckers, builders, grocers, teachers, lawyers, physicians, and plumbers to meet our needs. This reflects:
A.   social control
B.   mechanical solidarity
C.   latent solidarity
D.   organic solidarity
Question #34
Which of the following is the most accurate statement of the linguistic relativity (Sapir-Worf) hypothesis?
A.   Our perceptions of the world shape the kind of language that we speak
B.   Language is a passive and neutral means of communicating what we perceive in the world
C.   Language reflects the world in which we live
D.   The language we speak shapes how we think about and perceive the world
Question #35
Although Americans officially embrace the idea of equality of all people as a national value, many look down on others and/or engage in acts of discrimination. This illustrates the contrast between:
A.   formal and informal sanctions
B.   material and nonmaterial culture
C.   real and ideal culture
D.   taboos and mores
Question #36
Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village. Kurt says: “Let’s see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they’ll appreciate it. They just don’t understand what they’re missing.” Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt’s perspective is an example of:
A.   material culture
B.   a self-fulfilling prophecy
C.   multiculturalism
D.   cultural imperialism
Question #37
  
A.   rules of conduct that guide people's behavior
B.   those things that have been shown by science to be true in the world
C.   people's ideas about what is good or bad, right or wrong
D.   conceptions that people have about what is true in the world
Question #38
Tony's family had lived for generations in a small town where traditional roles were strictly observed--girls married, had children, and made homes for men who went to work in the local coal mine, and made the major decisions for the family. When the mine closed and there were no jobs available, Tony moved to a distant city to find work, where he discovered that his existing skills qualified him for only the lowest-paid employment. In addition, he found that his immediate supervisor was a woman. This ran counter to everything he had experienced before, and he began to feel seriously depressed. A sociologist might say Tony was experiencing:
A.   cultural pluralism
B.   role conflict
C.   anomie
D.   false consciousness
Question #39
Roza was excited about her new job in the U.S., since she had wanted to go there after seeing American TV shows. When she arrived, although her work situation was fine and people seemed friendly, she was horrified at how much everyone ate and how much food they wasted. She was also confused by the familiarity many young people showed in talking to their elders, which she thought showed a lack of respect. According to our text, Roza is experiencing:
A.   institutionalization
B.   culture shock
C.   social dysfunction
D.   conflict
Question #40
In some societies a reduction in the birth rate is encouraged. People who conform by keeping their family size down can be rewarded with access to better housing ahead of other applicants. In this case, preferential treatment in the housing market (you get moved up on the list for the good apartments) can be seen as:
A.   alienation
B.   validity
C.   dysfunctional
D.   a positive sanction

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