Soc 001 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2021 » Examination 1

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Question #1
Judging others by the standards of one's own culture is called:
A.   cultural relativism
B.   racism
C.   ethnocentrism
D.   a self-fulfilling prophecy
Question #2
The term for an irrationality-based negative or positive attitude toward certain groups and their members is:
A.   stereotype
B.   discrimination
C.   cultural relativism
D.   ethnocentrism
E.   prejudice
Question #3
According to your text, sociology is defined as the:
A.   quantitative analysis of social transgressions.
B.   qualitative analysis of human phenomena.
C.   systematic study of society and social interaction(s)..
D.   theoretical examination of life’s origins.
Question #4
According to your text, how individuals understand their own and others’ pasts in relation to history and social structure is an example of using:
A.   W.E.B. Du Bois' double consciousness.
B.   Auguste Comte's positivism.
C.   C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination.
D.   Karl Marx's false consciousness.
Question #5
A hypothesis can be defined as:
A.   philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them.
B.   a true statement.
C.   a testable proposition.
D.   an attempt to different aspects of social relationships.explain large-scale relationships.
Question #6
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which theoretical perspective would Jeremy’s argument fall under?
A.   Conflict Theory
B.   Functionalism
C.   Symbolic Interactionism
D.   Figuration
Question #7
That McDonald’s is found in almost every country around the world is an example of cultural:
A.   discovery
B.   diffusion
C.   conflict
D.   appropriation
E.   ethnocentrism
Question #8
Jamaal is conducting a study on gambling. He allows each participant in his study to talk in-depth and at length about their experiences with gambling. Jason is using which method to gather information?
A.   experiment
B.   unstructured interviews
C.   paper/pencil questionnaires
D.   observation
Question #9
A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher’s reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of the:
A.   Thomas Theorem
B.   Hawthorne effect
C.   authority effect
D.   Heisenberg Principle
E.   regressive Effect
Question #10
Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association’s code of ethics?
A.   to report findings accurately
B.   to guarantee the safety of their participants
C.   to maintain value neutrality
D.   to foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology
E.   to ensure the financial gain of the researchers
Question #11
Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin’s study had a high level of:
A.   validity
B.   interpretation
C.   reliability
D.   bias
Question #12
Society and culture:
A.   could not exist without each other
B.   are the same thing
C.   are unrelated
D.   could not exist together
Question #13
What is one difference between a more and a folkway?
A.   mores are based on norms; folkways are not
B.   violating mores can have serious consequences if violated; violating folkways does not
C.   there is no difference--mores are a kind of folkway
D.   mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not
Question #14
The term language can be defined as:
A.   communication based on ideals, norms, and values
B.   gestures, signs, and objects that help people understand the world
C.   the exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching agreement about something
D.   a symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted
Question #15
Professor Fuentes encourages her students to consider how laws, education, religion, and the media influence how people think, feel, and act. Professor Fuentes wants her students to use:
A.   the sociological imagination
B.   historical and biographical analysis
C.   common sense
D.   reinforcement theory
Question #16
Symbolic interactionists call attention to:
A.   how social life is “constructed” through everyday acts of social communication
B.   structured inequalities in society
C.   conflicts between “workers” and “owners”
D.   broad social structures (institutions) and how they interact with each other
Question #17
“Freedom” is an American:
A.   value
B.   more
C.   norm
D.   social institution
E.   folkway
Question #18
Tameka teaches her children that people come to view themselves as they think others perceive them. Tameka is teaching her children about:
A.   the looking-glass self
B.   feminist sociology
C.   labeling
D.   disengagement theory
Question #19
Shonda returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, and finds it difficult to balance her responsibilities as mother, wife, and executive. This is an example of:
A.   culture shock.
B.   cultural relativism.
C.   role conflict.
D.   an ascribed status.
Question #20
In the United States, a person convicted of a felony drug charge is ineligible to receive federal financial aid to attend college. Because of this law, ex-convicts who are released from prison have limited access to higher education and high-paying jobs. Many return to a life of crime. This is an example of a/an __________ of the law.
A.   latent function
B.   formal sanction
C.   latent dysfunction
D.   manifest function
Question #21
The Agricultural Revolution is sometimes referred to as “dawn of civilization” because:
A.   societies began to form where rainfall was plentiful; groups were able to grow flowers            instead of living nomadic lifestyles
B.   animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival
C.   tribes became nomadic, traveling to various locations in search of sustenance
D.   cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities
Question #22
Alienation is defined by your text as:
A.   where the individual is isolated from his or her society, work, or sense of self
B.   the strength of ties that people have to their social groups--a key factor in social life
C.   feeling victimized by social forces which exist outside the individual
D.   the act of defying social norms in favor of group unity
Question #23
Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor’s analysis is _____, while Felix’s analysis is _____.
A.   They are both micro-level.
B.   Micro-level; macro-level
C.   Macro-level; micro-level
D.   They are both macro-level.
Question #24
Emile Durkheim:
A.   argued that societies were inherently unstable due to conflict between groups over resources
B.   used archival material to study suicide rates
C.   used an experiment to demonstrate that automobiles with certain political bumper stickers were more likely to be stopped by police
D.   used social research to demonstrate that segregation was harmful to young black schoolchildren
Question #25
Tyson is researching whether the appearance of actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers’ body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting what kind of research?
A.   A survey
B.   Field research
C.   An experiment
D.   Secondary data analysis
Question #26
If we say that a student who engages in delinquent actions will show a decline in school performance, then "decline in school performance" is a(n):
A.   dependent variable
B.   hypothesis
C.   constant
D.   independent variable
Question #27
Karl Marx asserted that social change would come about through:
A.   the bourgeoisie struggling for the allocation of resources amongst themselves
B.   the enslaved bourgeoisie reclaiming power from the controlling proletariat
C.   the working class proletariat taking the means of production from the wealthy bourgeoisie
D.   the proletariat fighting each other for a position within the bourgeoisie
Question #28
A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. Who would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management?
A.   a feminist
B.   a conflict theorist
C.   a functionalist
D.   a symbolic interactionist
Question #29
A cultural universal is:
A.   a pattern or institution found in all societies
B.   the ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society
C.   a written document outlining appropriate behavior
D.   an object that belongs to an entire group
Question #30
Elementary school children are taught to place their right hands over their hearts during the pledge of allegiance. These children are being taught some of the norms and values of the U.S. this is an example of:
A.   the looking-glass self
B.   anticipatory socialization
C.   moral reasoning
D.   the sociological imagination
E.   the hidden curriculum
Question #31
Which of the following best captures the functionalist view of society?
A.   "Survival of the fittest."
B.   All of these reflect the functionalist view
C.   "The history of all the hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggle."
D.   "Life is crude, brutish and short and the state of nature is a struggle of all against all."
E.   "All parts work together to promote the stability of the whole."
Question #32
According to the text, it is most common for sociological research to:
A.   assume that common sense assumptions are wrong and not study them
B.   directly contradict our common sense assumptions
C.   find that the truth is more complicated than our common sense would suggest
D.   confirm our common sense assumptions
Question #33
In the U.S., there is a diverse division of labor. We rely on farmers, truckers, builders, grocers, teachers, lawyers, physicians, and plumbers to meet our needs. This reflects:
A.   mechanical solidarity
B.   latent solidarity
C.   social control
D.   organic solidarity
Question #34
Which of the following is the most accurate statement of the linguistic relativity (Sapir-Worf) hypothesis?
A.   Language is a passive and neutral means of communicating what we perceive in the world
B.   Language reflects the world in which we live
C.   The language we speak shapes how we think about and perceive the world
D.   Our perceptions of the world shape the kind of language that we speak
Question #35
Although Americans officially embrace the idea of equality of all people as a national value, many look down on others and/or engage in acts of discrimination. This illustrates the contrast between:
A.   formal and informal sanctions
B.   taboos and mores
C.   material and nonmaterial culture
D.   real and ideal culture
Question #36
Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village. Kurt says: “Let’s see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they’ll appreciate it. They just don’t understand what they’re missing.” Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt’s perspective is an example of:
A.   material culture
B.   cultural imperialism
C.   multiculturalism
D.   a self-fulfilling prophecy
Question #37
  
A.   those things that have been shown by science to be true in the world
B.   conceptions that people have about what is true in the world
C.   rules of conduct that guide people's behavior
D.   people's ideas about what is good or bad, right or wrong
Question #38
Tony's family had lived for generations in a small town where traditional roles were strictly observed--girls married, had children, and made homes for men who went to work in the local coal mine, and made the major decisions for the family. When the mine closed and there were no jobs available, Tony moved to a distant city to find work, where he discovered that his existing skills qualified him for only the lowest-paid employment. In addition, he found that his immediate supervisor was a woman. This ran counter to everything he had experienced before, and he began to feel seriously depressed. A sociologist might say Tony was experiencing:
A.   role conflict
B.   cultural pluralism
C.   false consciousness
D.   anomie
Question #39
Roza was excited about her new job in the U.S., since she had wanted to go there after seeing American TV shows. When she arrived, although her work situation was fine and people seemed friendly, she was horrified at how much everyone ate and how much food they wasted. She was also confused by the familiarity many young people showed in talking to their elders, which she thought showed a lack of respect. According to our text, Roza is experiencing:
A.   institutionalization
B.   social dysfunction
C.   culture shock
D.   conflict
Question #40
In some societies a reduction in the birth rate is encouraged. People who conform by keeping their family size down can be rewarded with access to better housing ahead of other applicants. In this case, preferential treatment in the housing market (you get moved up on the list for the good apartments) can be seen as:
A.   a positive sanction
B.   alienation
C.   dysfunctional
D.   validity

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