Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
B.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
C.
the interphalangeal joints
D.
joints that permit angular movements
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
in between osteons
B.
as components of the cartilage
C.
around the central canal of an osteon
D.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
endophysis
B.
periphysis
C.
epiphysis
D.
diaphysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
bone to bone
B.
muscle to muscle
C.
nerve to bone
D.
muscle to bone
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
fibrous joint.
B.
complex joint.
C.
cartilaginous joint.
D.
synovial joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
limbs and their girdles
B.
rib cage and the pelvis
C.
skull and appendages
D.
rib cage and limb girdles
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Symphysis
B.
Planar
C.
Ellipsoidal
D.
Condyloid
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
osteochondral canals
B.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
C.
Haversian canals
D.
lamellar canals
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
gomphosis
B.
suture
C.
synchondrosis
D.
symphysis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
symphysis.
B.
synostosis.
C.
syndesmosis.
D.
synchondrosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteoblast activity
B.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
C.
decreases osteocyte activity
D.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
hinge
C.
gliding
D.
pivot
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
B.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
C.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
D.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
sutures
B.
sinuses
C.
foramina
D.
fontanels
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
lacuna
B.
lamella
C.
crista
D.
canaliculus
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
B.
no movement occurs.
C.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
D.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
chondroblast
B.
osteoclast
C.
fibroblast
D.
chondroclast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
epiphyseal plate
B.
trabeculae
C.
diploe
D.
diaphysis
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
synchondrosis
B.
Saddle
C.
symphysis
D.
suture
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
B.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
C.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
D.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
growth plate
B.
periosteum
C.
endosteum
D.
medullary cavity
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
B.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
C.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
D.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
collagen fibers
B.
collagenase
C.
hydroxyapatite crystals
D.
elastin fibers
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
perimysium
B.
perichondrium
C.
peritoneum
D.
periosteum
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
B.
a tendon sheath
C.
a cavity lined with cartilage
D.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
spongy bone
B.
compact bone
C.
fibrous bone
D.
both spongy and compact bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
diaphysis
B.
growth plate
C.
epiphyseal line
D.
epiphysis
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
B.
the bone marrow forms
C.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
D.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
compact bone
B.
cortical bone
C.
cancellous bone
D.
spongy bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
osteoblasts
B.
osteoclasts
C.
matrix cells
D.
osteons
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
ligaments
B.
hyaline cartilage
C.
bone matrix
D.
fibrous cartilage
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
intercarpal
B.
distal radius and ulna
C.
between the parietal bones
D.
scapula and humerus
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
B.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
C.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
D.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
B.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
C.
it becomes stiff and brittle
D.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
circumduction
B.
opposition
C.
inversion
D.
eversion
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
are found in spongy bone tissue
B.
do not contain osteocytes
C.
lack concentric lamellae
D.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
Question #37
A.
protection of the brain and soft organs
B.
regulation of acid-base balance
C.
production of Vitamin E
D.
storage of water
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
Calcium
B.
Oxygen
C.
Sodium
D.
potassium
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
B.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
C.
has articular capsule capsule
D.
has liquid filled cavity
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
B.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
C.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
D.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
lacuna
B.
diaphysis
C.
spongy bone tissue
D.
periosteum
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
contains concentric lamellae
B.
contains concentric lamellae
C.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
D.
is very dense
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
osteoblast
B.
osteocyte
C.
chondrocyte
D.
osteoclast
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
B.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
C.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
D.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
B.
store bone-forming cells
C.
manufacture blood cells
D.
store adipose tissue
Question #46
Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?
A.
communication
B.
support
C.
movement
D.
calcium storage
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
fibrocartilage
B.
interstitial cartilage
C.
hyaline cartilage
D.
elastic cartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
B.
Different diets on bone elongation
C.
Age on bone thickening
D.
Temperature on bone growth
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
cancellous bone
B.
articular cartilage
C.
elastic cartilage
D.
periosteum
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
B.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
C.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
D.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
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