Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
the interphalangeal joints
B.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
C.
joints that permit angular movements
D.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
as components of the cartilage
B.
in between osteons
C.
around the central canal of an osteon
D.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
epiphysis
B.
diaphysis
C.
periphysis
D.
endophysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
muscle to bone
B.
muscle to muscle
C.
nerve to bone
D.
bone to bone
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
fibrous joint.
B.
synovial joint.
C.
complex joint.
D.
cartilaginous joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
rib cage and limb girdles
B.
rib cage and the pelvis
C.
limbs and their girdles
D.
skull and appendages
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Condyloid
B.
Symphysis
C.
Planar
D.
Ellipsoidal
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
osteochondral canals
B.
lamellar canals
C.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
D.
Haversian canals
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
suture
B.
synchondrosis
C.
symphysis
D.
gomphosis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
symphysis.
B.
synchondrosis.
C.
synostosis.
D.
syndesmosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
B.
decreases osteoblast activity
C.
decreases osteocyte activity
D.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
pivot
B.
gliding
C.
saddle
D.
hinge
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
B.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
C.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
D.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
foramina
B.
sutures
C.
fontanels
D.
sinuses
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
canaliculus
B.
lacuna
C.
lamella
D.
crista
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
B.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
C.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
D.
no movement occurs.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
chondroclast
B.
chondroblast
C.
fibroblast
D.
osteoclast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
diaphysis
B.
trabeculae
C.
epiphyseal plate
D.
diploe
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
Saddle
B.
suture
C.
synchondrosis
D.
symphysis
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
B.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
C.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
D.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
medullary cavity
B.
growth plate
C.
periosteum
D.
endosteum
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
B.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
C.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
D.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
hydroxyapatite crystals
B.
elastin fibers
C.
collagen fibers
D.
collagenase
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
peritoneum
B.
perichondrium
C.
periosteum
D.
perimysium
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
B.
a tendon sheath
C.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
D.
a cavity lined with cartilage
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
fibrous bone
B.
compact bone
C.
both spongy and compact bone
D.
spongy bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
growth plate
B.
epiphyseal line
C.
epiphysis
D.
diaphysis
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
B.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
C.
the bone marrow forms
D.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
cortical bone
B.
spongy bone
C.
cancellous bone
D.
compact bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
osteoblasts
B.
osteoclasts
C.
matrix cells
D.
osteons
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
bone matrix
B.
ligaments
C.
fibrous cartilage
D.
hyaline cartilage
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
between the parietal bones
B.
scapula and humerus
C.
distal radius and ulna
D.
intercarpal
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
B.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
C.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
D.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
B.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
C.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
D.
it becomes stiff and brittle
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
eversion
B.
inversion
C.
circumduction
D.
opposition
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
lack concentric lamellae
B.
do not contain osteocytes
C.
are found in spongy bone tissue
D.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
Question #37
A.
storage of water
B.
protection of the brain and soft organs
C.
production of Vitamin E
D.
regulation of acid-base balance
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
Sodium
B.
Oxygen
C.
potassium
D.
Calcium
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
B.
has liquid filled cavity
C.
has articular capsule capsule
D.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
B.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
C.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
D.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
spongy bone tissue
B.
lacuna
C.
periosteum
D.
diaphysis
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
contains concentric lamellae
B.
is very dense
C.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
D.
contains concentric lamellae
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
chondrocyte
B.
osteocyte
C.
osteoblast
D.
osteoclast
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
B.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
C.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
D.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
store bone-forming cells
B.
store adipose tissue
C.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
D.
manufacture blood cells
Question #46
A.
support
B.
calcium storage
C.
movement
D.
communication
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
hyaline cartilage
B.
interstitial cartilage
C.
elastic cartilage
D.
fibrocartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Age on bone thickening
B.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
C.
Temperature on bone growth
D.
Different diets on bone elongation
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
articular cartilage
B.
elastic cartilage
C.
cancellous bone
D.
periosteum
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
B.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
C.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
D.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
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