Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
B.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
C.
joints that permit angular movements
D.
the interphalangeal joints
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
around the central canal of an osteon
B.
in between osteons
C.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
D.
as components of the cartilage
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
diaphysis
B.
periphysis
C.
endophysis
D.
epiphysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
nerve to bone
B.
muscle to bone
C.
muscle to muscle
D.
bone to bone
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
synovial joint.
B.
cartilaginous joint.
C.
fibrous joint.
D.
complex joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
rib cage and limb girdles
B.
limbs and their girdles
C.
skull and appendages
D.
rib cage and the pelvis
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Planar
B.
Ellipsoidal
C.
Condyloid
D.
Symphysis
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
Haversian canals
B.
osteochondral canals
C.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
D.
lamellar canals
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
synchondrosis
B.
suture
C.
symphysis
D.
gomphosis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
synchondrosis.
B.
synostosis.
C.
symphysis.
D.
syndesmosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
B.
decreases osteocyte activity
C.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
D.
decreases osteoblast activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
gliding
C.
hinge
D.
pivot
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
B.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
C.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
D.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
foramina
B.
sutures
C.
sinuses
D.
fontanels
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
lamella
B.
lacuna
C.
canaliculus
D.
crista
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
B.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
C.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
D.
no movement occurs.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
chondroclast
B.
osteoclast
C.
chondroblast
D.
fibroblast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
diaphysis
B.
epiphyseal plate
C.
trabeculae
D.
diploe
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
symphysis
B.
suture
C.
Saddle
D.
synchondrosis
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
B.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
C.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
D.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
endosteum
B.
periosteum
C.
medullary cavity
D.
growth plate
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
B.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
C.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
D.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
collagenase
B.
collagen fibers
C.
hydroxyapatite crystals
D.
elastin fibers
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
perichondrium
B.
peritoneum
C.
perimysium
D.
periosteum
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
B.
a tendon sheath
C.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
D.
a cavity lined with cartilage
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
fibrous bone
B.
both spongy and compact bone
C.
compact bone
D.
spongy bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
epiphyseal line
B.
growth plate
C.
epiphysis
D.
diaphysis
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
the bone marrow forms
B.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
C.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
D.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
spongy bone
B.
cortical bone
C.
compact bone
D.
cancellous bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
matrix cells
B.
osteoclasts
C.
osteons
D.
osteoblasts
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
fibrous cartilage
B.
ligaments
C.
bone matrix
D.
hyaline cartilage
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
scapula and humerus
B.
between the parietal bones
C.
intercarpal
D.
distal radius and ulna
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
B.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
C.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
D.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
B.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
C.
it becomes stiff and brittle
D.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
inversion
B.
eversion
C.
circumduction
D.
opposition
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
do not contain osteocytes
B.
lack concentric lamellae
C.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
D.
are found in spongy bone tissue
Question #37
A.
regulation of acid-base balance
B.
production of Vitamin E
C.
storage of water
D.
protection of the brain and soft organs
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
potassium
B.
Oxygen
C.
Calcium
D.
Sodium
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
has articular capsule capsule
B.
has liquid filled cavity
C.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
D.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
B.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
C.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
D.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
lacuna
B.
periosteum
C.
spongy bone tissue
D.
diaphysis
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
is very dense
B.
contains concentric lamellae
C.
contains concentric lamellae
D.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
osteoblast
B.
chondrocyte
C.
osteoclast
D.
osteocyte
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
B.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
C.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
D.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
B.
store bone-forming cells
C.
store adipose tissue
D.
manufacture blood cells
Question #46
A.
movement
B.
support
C.
calcium storage
D.
communication
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
fibrocartilage
B.
hyaline cartilage
C.
elastic cartilage
D.
interstitial cartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Age on bone thickening
B.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
C.
Temperature on bone growth
D.
Different diets on bone elongation
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
articular cartilage
B.
elastic cartilage
C.
cancellous bone
D.
periosteum
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
B.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
C.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
D.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
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