Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
B.
joints that permit angular movements
C.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
D.
the interphalangeal joints
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
in between osteons
B.
as components of the cartilage
C.
around the central canal of an osteon
D.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
periphysis
B.
diaphysis
C.
endophysis
D.
epiphysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
bone to bone
B.
nerve to bone
C.
muscle to muscle
D.
muscle to bone
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
fibrous joint.
B.
synovial joint.
C.
complex joint.
D.
cartilaginous joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
limbs and their girdles
B.
rib cage and the pelvis
C.
skull and appendages
D.
rib cage and limb girdles
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Symphysis
B.
Planar
C.
Ellipsoidal
D.
Condyloid
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
lamellar canals
B.
Haversian canals
C.
osteochondral canals
D.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
synchondrosis
B.
gomphosis
C.
suture
D.
symphysis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
symphysis.
B.
synchondrosis.
C.
synostosis.
D.
syndesmosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
B.
decreases osteoblast activity
C.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
D.
decreases osteocyte activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
saddle
C.
gliding
D.
pivot
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
B.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
C.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
D.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
sinuses
B.
fontanels
C.
sutures
D.
foramina
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
crista
B.
canaliculus
C.
lacuna
D.
lamella
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
B.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
C.
no movement occurs.
D.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
chondroclast
B.
osteoclast
C.
chondroblast
D.
fibroblast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
trabeculae
B.
diploe
C.
epiphyseal plate
D.
diaphysis
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
Saddle
B.
synchondrosis
C.
symphysis
D.
suture
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
B.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
C.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
D.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
growth plate
B.
endosteum
C.
medullary cavity
D.
periosteum
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
B.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
C.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
D.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
collagenase
B.
elastin fibers
C.
collagen fibers
D.
hydroxyapatite crystals
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
perimysium
B.
periosteum
C.
peritoneum
D.
perichondrium
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
a tendon sheath
B.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
C.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
D.
a cavity lined with cartilage
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
compact bone
B.
both spongy and compact bone
C.
fibrous bone
D.
spongy bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
epiphyseal line
B.
diaphysis
C.
epiphysis
D.
growth plate
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
B.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
C.
the bone marrow forms
D.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
cortical bone
B.
cancellous bone
C.
compact bone
D.
spongy bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
osteons
B.
matrix cells
C.
osteoclasts
D.
osteoblasts
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
ligaments
B.
fibrous cartilage
C.
hyaline cartilage
D.
bone matrix
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
between the parietal bones
B.
scapula and humerus
C.
distal radius and ulna
D.
intercarpal
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
B.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
C.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
D.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
B.
it becomes stiff and brittle
C.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
D.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
eversion
B.
opposition
C.
circumduction
D.
inversion
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
B.
do not contain osteocytes
C.
lack concentric lamellae
D.
are found in spongy bone tissue
Question #37
Important functions of the skeletal system include:
A.
production of Vitamin E
B.
storage of water
C.
protection of the brain and soft organs
D.
regulation of acid-base balance
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
Calcium
B.
Oxygen
C.
Sodium
D.
potassium
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
has articular capsule capsule
B.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
C.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
D.
has liquid filled cavity
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
B.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
C.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
D.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
diaphysis
B.
lacuna
C.
spongy bone tissue
D.
periosteum
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
contains concentric lamellae
B.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
C.
contains concentric lamellae
D.
is very dense
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
osteocyte
B.
chondrocyte
C.
osteoclast
D.
osteoblast
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
B.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
C.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
D.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
store adipose tissue
B.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
C.
manufacture blood cells
D.
store bone-forming cells
Question #46
Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?
A.
communication
B.
support
C.
movement
D.
calcium storage
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
elastic cartilage
B.
hyaline cartilage
C.
interstitial cartilage
D.
fibrocartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Different diets on bone elongation
B.
Temperature on bone growth
C.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
D.
Age on bone thickening
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
periosteum
B.
cancellous bone
C.
articular cartilage
D.
elastic cartilage
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
B.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
C.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
D.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
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