Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
B.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
C.
the interphalangeal joints
D.
joints that permit angular movements
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
in between osteons
B.
as components of the cartilage
C.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
D.
around the central canal of an osteon
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
diaphysis
B.
endophysis
C.
periphysis
D.
epiphysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
bone to bone
B.
muscle to muscle
C.
nerve to bone
D.
muscle to bone
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
synovial joint.
B.
cartilaginous joint.
C.
complex joint.
D.
fibrous joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
rib cage and the pelvis
B.
skull and appendages
C.
limbs and their girdles
D.
rib cage and limb girdles
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Condyloid
B.
Planar
C.
Symphysis
D.
Ellipsoidal
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
Haversian canals
B.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
C.
osteochondral canals
D.
lamellar canals
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
gomphosis
B.
suture
C.
synchondrosis
D.
symphysis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
synostosis.
B.
synchondrosis.
C.
symphysis.
D.
syndesmosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
B.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
C.
decreases osteocyte activity
D.
decreases osteoblast activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
gliding
C.
hinge
D.
pivot
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
B.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
C.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
D.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
fontanels
B.
sutures
C.
sinuses
D.
foramina
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
crista
B.
lacuna
C.
canaliculus
D.
lamella
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
no movement occurs.
B.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
C.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
D.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
fibroblast
B.
chondroblast
C.
osteoclast
D.
chondroclast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
trabeculae
B.
diaphysis
C.
epiphyseal plate
D.
diploe
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
symphysis
B.
synchondrosis
C.
Saddle
D.
suture
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
B.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
C.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
D.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
growth plate
B.
medullary cavity
C.
periosteum
D.
endosteum
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
B.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
C.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
D.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
hydroxyapatite crystals
B.
elastin fibers
C.
collagen fibers
D.
collagenase
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
perimysium
B.
periosteum
C.
peritoneum
D.
perichondrium
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
a tendon sheath
B.
a cavity lined with cartilage
C.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
D.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
fibrous bone
B.
spongy bone
C.
both spongy and compact bone
D.
compact bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
growth plate
B.
epiphysis
C.
epiphyseal line
D.
diaphysis
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
the bone marrow forms
B.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
C.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
D.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
spongy bone
B.
compact bone
C.
cancellous bone
D.
cortical bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
matrix cells
B.
osteoclasts
C.
osteons
D.
osteoblasts
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
hyaline cartilage
B.
ligaments
C.
fibrous cartilage
D.
bone matrix
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
between the parietal bones
B.
intercarpal
C.
scapula and humerus
D.
distal radius and ulna
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
B.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
C.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
D.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes stiff and brittle
B.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
C.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
D.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
inversion
B.
circumduction
C.
opposition
D.
eversion
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
B.
lack concentric lamellae
C.
do not contain osteocytes
D.
are found in spongy bone tissue
Question #37
A.
production of Vitamin E
B.
protection of the brain and soft organs
C.
storage of water
D.
regulation of acid-base balance
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
Oxygen
B.
potassium
C.
Sodium
D.
Calcium
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
has articular capsule capsule
B.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
C.
has liquid filled cavity
D.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
B.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
C.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
D.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
spongy bone tissue
B.
diaphysis
C.
lacuna
D.
periosteum
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
contains concentric lamellae
B.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
C.
contains concentric lamellae
D.
is very dense
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
osteocyte
B.
osteoblast
C.
chondrocyte
D.
osteoclast
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
B.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
C.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
D.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
store bone-forming cells
B.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
C.
manufacture blood cells
D.
store adipose tissue
Question #46
A.
calcium storage
B.
movement
C.
support
D.
communication
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
elastic cartilage
B.
fibrocartilage
C.
hyaline cartilage
D.
interstitial cartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Age on bone thickening
B.
Temperature on bone growth
C.
Different diets on bone elongation
D.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
periosteum
B.
articular cartilage
C.
elastic cartilage
D.
cancellous bone
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
B.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
C.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
D.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
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