Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
the interphalangeal joints
B.
joints that permit angular movements
C.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
D.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
around the central canal of an osteon
B.
in between osteons
C.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
D.
as components of the cartilage
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
diaphysis
B.
endophysis
C.
epiphysis
D.
periphysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
muscle to muscle
B.
bone to bone
C.
nerve to bone
D.
muscle to bone
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
complex joint.
B.
fibrous joint.
C.
cartilaginous joint.
D.
synovial joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
limbs and their girdles
B.
rib cage and the pelvis
C.
rib cage and limb girdles
D.
skull and appendages
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Ellipsoidal
B.
Planar
C.
Symphysis
D.
Condyloid
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
Haversian canals
B.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
C.
lamellar canals
D.
osteochondral canals
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
synchondrosis
B.
suture
C.
gomphosis
D.
symphysis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
synchondrosis.
B.
synostosis.
C.
symphysis.
D.
syndesmosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteoblast activity
B.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
C.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
D.
decreases osteocyte activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
saddle
B.
pivot
C.
hinge
D.
gliding
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
B.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
C.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
D.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
sinuses
B.
fontanels
C.
foramina
D.
sutures
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
lacuna
B.
crista
C.
lamella
D.
canaliculus
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
no movement occurs.
B.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
C.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
D.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
chondroclast
B.
chondroblast
C.
osteoclast
D.
fibroblast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
diploe
B.
trabeculae
C.
epiphyseal plate
D.
diaphysis
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
symphysis
B.
synchondrosis
C.
Saddle
D.
suture
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
B.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
C.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
D.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
endosteum
B.
periosteum
C.
medullary cavity
D.
growth plate
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
B.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
C.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
D.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
elastin fibers
B.
hydroxyapatite crystals
C.
collagen fibers
D.
collagenase
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
peritoneum
B.
periosteum
C.
perichondrium
D.
perimysium
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
B.
a cavity lined with cartilage
C.
a tendon sheath
D.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
both spongy and compact bone
B.
fibrous bone
C.
spongy bone
D.
compact bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
epiphysis
B.
epiphyseal line
C.
diaphysis
D.
growth plate
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
the bone marrow forms
B.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
C.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
D.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
spongy bone
B.
cortical bone
C.
cancellous bone
D.
compact bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
matrix cells
B.
osteoclasts
C.
osteons
D.
osteoblasts
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
ligaments
B.
hyaline cartilage
C.
fibrous cartilage
D.
bone matrix
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
scapula and humerus
B.
between the parietal bones
C.
intercarpal
D.
distal radius and ulna
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
B.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
C.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
D.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes stiff and brittle
B.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
C.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
D.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
circumduction
B.
inversion
C.
opposition
D.
eversion
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
B.
do not contain osteocytes
C.
are found in spongy bone tissue
D.
lack concentric lamellae
Question #37
A.
storage of water
B.
production of Vitamin E
C.
protection of the brain and soft organs
D.
regulation of acid-base balance
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
Sodium
B.
potassium
C.
Oxygen
D.
Calcium
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
B.
has liquid filled cavity
C.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
D.
has articular capsule capsule
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
B.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
C.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
D.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
spongy bone tissue
B.
lacuna
C.
diaphysis
D.
periosteum
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
contains concentric lamellae
B.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
C.
is very dense
D.
contains concentric lamellae
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
osteoclast
B.
chondrocyte
C.
osteocyte
D.
osteoblast
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
B.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
C.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
D.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
store bone-forming cells
B.
manufacture blood cells
C.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
D.
store adipose tissue
Question #46
Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?
A.
movement
B.
support
C.
calcium storage
D.
communication
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
hyaline cartilage
B.
interstitial cartilage
C.
fibrocartilage
D.
elastic cartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
B.
Temperature on bone growth
C.
Different diets on bone elongation
D.
Age on bone thickening
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
periosteum
B.
elastic cartilage
C.
articular cartilage
D.
cancellous bone
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
B.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
C.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
D.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
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