Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
the interphalangeal joints
B.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
C.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
D.
joints that permit angular movements
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
around the central canal of an osteon
B.
as components of the cartilage
C.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
D.
in between osteons
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
epiphysis
B.
endophysis
C.
diaphysis
D.
periphysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
muscle to muscle
B.
bone to bone
C.
nerve to bone
D.
muscle to bone
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
complex joint.
B.
fibrous joint.
C.
synovial joint.
D.
cartilaginous joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
rib cage and limb girdles
B.
skull and appendages
C.
limbs and their girdles
D.
rib cage and the pelvis
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Planar
B.
Ellipsoidal
C.
Condyloid
D.
Symphysis
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
Haversian canals
B.
lamellar canals
C.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
D.
osteochondral canals
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
suture
B.
synchondrosis
C.
symphysis
D.
gomphosis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
syndesmosis.
B.
symphysis.
C.
synchondrosis.
D.
synostosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
B.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
C.
decreases osteocyte activity
D.
decreases osteoblast activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
gliding
C.
pivot
D.
saddle
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
B.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
C.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
D.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
sinuses
B.
foramina
C.
sutures
D.
fontanels
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
lamella
B.
crista
C.
lacuna
D.
canaliculus
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
B.
no movement occurs.
C.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
D.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
chondroclast
B.
osteoclast
C.
fibroblast
D.
chondroblast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
epiphyseal plate
B.
trabeculae
C.
diploe
D.
diaphysis
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
Saddle
B.
suture
C.
synchondrosis
D.
symphysis
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
B.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
C.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
D.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
medullary cavity
B.
growth plate
C.
endosteum
D.
periosteum
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
B.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
C.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
D.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
elastin fibers
B.
hydroxyapatite crystals
C.
collagenase
D.
collagen fibers
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
periosteum
B.
peritoneum
C.
perimysium
D.
perichondrium
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
B.
a tendon sheath
C.
a cavity lined with cartilage
D.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
both spongy and compact bone
B.
compact bone
C.
spongy bone
D.
fibrous bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
epiphysis
B.
growth plate
C.
diaphysis
D.
epiphyseal line
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
B.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
C.
the bone marrow forms
D.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
cancellous bone
B.
spongy bone
C.
compact bone
D.
cortical bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
osteoclasts
B.
osteons
C.
osteoblasts
D.
matrix cells
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
bone matrix
B.
fibrous cartilage
C.
hyaline cartilage
D.
ligaments
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
intercarpal
B.
between the parietal bones
C.
distal radius and ulna
D.
scapula and humerus
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
B.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
C.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
D.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
B.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
C.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
D.
it becomes stiff and brittle
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
circumduction
B.
eversion
C.
inversion
D.
opposition
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
B.
do not contain osteocytes
C.
are found in spongy bone tissue
D.
lack concentric lamellae
Question #37
A.
protection of the brain and soft organs
B.
storage of water
C.
production of Vitamin E
D.
regulation of acid-base balance
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
Sodium
B.
Calcium
C.
potassium
D.
Oxygen
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
has articular capsule capsule
B.
has liquid filled cavity
C.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
D.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
B.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
C.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
D.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
spongy bone tissue
B.
lacuna
C.
periosteum
D.
diaphysis
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
contains concentric lamellae
B.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
C.
contains concentric lamellae
D.
is very dense
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
osteoblast
B.
chondrocyte
C.
osteocyte
D.
osteoclast
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
B.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
C.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
D.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
manufacture blood cells
B.
store adipose tissue
C.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
D.
store bone-forming cells
Question #46
A.
calcium storage
B.
movement
C.
communication
D.
support
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
interstitial cartilage
B.
fibrocartilage
C.
elastic cartilage
D.
hyaline cartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
B.
Different diets on bone elongation
C.
Age on bone thickening
D.
Temperature on bone growth
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
articular cartilage
B.
elastic cartilage
C.
periosteum
D.
cancellous bone
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
B.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
C.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
D.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
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