Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
B.
joints that permit angular movements
C.
the interphalangeal joints
D.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
as components of the cartilage
B.
in between osteons
C.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
D.
around the central canal of an osteon
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
epiphysis
B.
periphysis
C.
endophysis
D.
diaphysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
bone to bone
B.
nerve to bone
C.
muscle to bone
D.
muscle to muscle
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
complex joint.
B.
synovial joint.
C.
cartilaginous joint.
D.
fibrous joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
skull and appendages
B.
limbs and their girdles
C.
rib cage and limb girdles
D.
rib cage and the pelvis
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Symphysis
B.
Planar
C.
Condyloid
D.
Ellipsoidal
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
osteochondral canals
B.
Haversian canals
C.
lamellar canals
D.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
gomphosis
B.
synchondrosis
C.
suture
D.
symphysis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
syndesmosis.
B.
symphysis.
C.
synostosis.
D.
synchondrosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
B.
decreases osteoblast activity
C.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
D.
decreases osteocyte activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
pivot
C.
saddle
D.
gliding
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
B.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
C.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
D.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
sutures
B.
sinuses
C.
fontanels
D.
foramina
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
lamella
B.
lacuna
C.
crista
D.
canaliculus
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
B.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
C.
no movement occurs.
D.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
chondroclast
B.
chondroblast
C.
osteoclast
D.
fibroblast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
trabeculae
B.
epiphyseal plate
C.
diaphysis
D.
diploe
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
synchondrosis
B.
suture
C.
Saddle
D.
symphysis
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
B.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
C.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
D.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
medullary cavity
B.
growth plate
C.
periosteum
D.
endosteum
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
B.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
C.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
D.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
collagenase
B.
elastin fibers
C.
collagen fibers
D.
hydroxyapatite crystals
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
perimysium
B.
perichondrium
C.
periosteum
D.
peritoneum
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
B.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
C.
a cavity lined with cartilage
D.
a tendon sheath
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
compact bone
B.
fibrous bone
C.
both spongy and compact bone
D.
spongy bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
epiphysis
B.
epiphyseal line
C.
growth plate
D.
diaphysis
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
B.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
C.
the bone marrow forms
D.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
spongy bone
B.
cortical bone
C.
compact bone
D.
cancellous bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
osteoclasts
B.
osteons
C.
osteoblasts
D.
matrix cells
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
bone matrix
B.
hyaline cartilage
C.
fibrous cartilage
D.
ligaments
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
between the parietal bones
B.
intercarpal
C.
scapula and humerus
D.
distal radius and ulna
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
B.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
C.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
D.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes stiff and brittle
B.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
C.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
D.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
opposition
B.
eversion
C.
inversion
D.
circumduction
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
lack concentric lamellae
B.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
C.
do not contain osteocytes
D.
are found in spongy bone tissue
Question #37
Important functions of the skeletal system include:
A.
protection of the brain and soft organs
B.
storage of water
C.
regulation of acid-base balance
D.
production of Vitamin E
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
Sodium
B.
Calcium
C.
Oxygen
D.
potassium
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
has liquid filled cavity
B.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
C.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
D.
has articular capsule capsule
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
B.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
C.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
D.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
spongy bone tissue
B.
lacuna
C.
diaphysis
D.
periosteum
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
B.
is very dense
C.
contains concentric lamellae
D.
contains concentric lamellae
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
osteoblast
B.
osteoclast
C.
osteocyte
D.
chondrocyte
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
B.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
C.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
D.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
manufacture blood cells
B.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
C.
store adipose tissue
D.
store bone-forming cells
Question #46
A.
movement
B.
support
C.
communication
D.
calcium storage
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
fibrocartilage
B.
elastic cartilage
C.
hyaline cartilage
D.
interstitial cartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
B.
Different diets on bone elongation
C.
Age on bone thickening
D.
Temperature on bone growth
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
articular cartilage
B.
periosteum
C.
cancellous bone
D.
elastic cartilage
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
B.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
C.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
D.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
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