Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here
Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
joints that permit angular movements
B.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
C.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
D.
the interphalangeal joints
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
as components of the cartilage
B.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
C.
around the central canal of an osteon
D.
in between osteons
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
periphysis
B.
epiphysis
C.
diaphysis
D.
endophysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
nerve to bone
B.
muscle to muscle
C.
muscle to bone
D.
bone to bone
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
complex joint.
B.
cartilaginous joint.
C.
fibrous joint.
D.
synovial joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
limbs and their girdles
B.
skull and appendages
C.
rib cage and the pelvis
D.
rib cage and limb girdles
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Symphysis
B.
Planar
C.
Ellipsoidal
D.
Condyloid
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
B.
osteochondral canals
C.
lamellar canals
D.
Haversian canals
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
symphysis
B.
synchondrosis
C.
gomphosis
D.
suture
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
synostosis.
B.
syndesmosis.
C.
symphysis.
D.
synchondrosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteocyte activity
B.
decreases osteoblast activity
C.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
D.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
gliding
B.
hinge
C.
saddle
D.
pivot
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
B.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
C.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
D.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
sutures
B.
fontanels
C.
sinuses
D.
foramina
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
lacuna
B.
canaliculus
C.
crista
D.
lamella
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
B.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
C.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
D.
no movement occurs.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
osteoclast
B.
chondroclast
C.
chondroblast
D.
fibroblast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
trabeculae
B.
diaphysis
C.
diploe
D.
epiphyseal plate
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
symphysis
B.
synchondrosis
C.
Saddle
D.
suture
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
B.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
C.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
D.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
endosteum
B.
growth plate
C.
periosteum
D.
medullary cavity
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
B.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
C.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
D.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
collagen fibers
B.
hydroxyapatite crystals
C.
elastin fibers
D.
collagenase
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
periosteum
B.
perimysium
C.
perichondrium
D.
peritoneum
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
a cavity lined with cartilage
B.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
C.
a tendon sheath
D.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
compact bone
B.
both spongy and compact bone
C.
fibrous bone
D.
spongy bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
epiphyseal line
B.
diaphysis
C.
growth plate
D.
epiphysis
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
B.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
C.
the bone marrow forms
D.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
spongy bone
B.
cancellous bone
C.
cortical bone
D.
compact bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
matrix cells
B.
osteoblasts
C.
osteoclasts
D.
osteons
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
bone matrix
B.
ligaments
C.
hyaline cartilage
D.
fibrous cartilage
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
intercarpal
B.
scapula and humerus
C.
distal radius and ulna
D.
between the parietal bones
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
B.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
C.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
D.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes stiff and brittle
B.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
C.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
D.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
opposition
B.
eversion
C.
inversion
D.
circumduction
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
B.
lack concentric lamellae
C.
are found in spongy bone tissue
D.
do not contain osteocytes
Question #37
A.
storage of water
B.
production of Vitamin E
C.
protection of the brain and soft organs
D.
regulation of acid-base balance
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
Oxygen
B.
Calcium
C.
potassium
D.
Sodium
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
B.
has articular capsule capsule
C.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
D.
has liquid filled cavity
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
B.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
C.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
D.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
spongy bone tissue
B.
periosteum
C.
diaphysis
D.
lacuna
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
contains concentric lamellae
B.
is very dense
C.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
D.
contains concentric lamellae
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
osteoclast
B.
chondrocyte
C.
osteoblast
D.
osteocyte
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
B.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
C.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
D.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
B.
store bone-forming cells
C.
manufacture blood cells
D.
store adipose tissue
Question #46
Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?
A.
support
B.
communication
C.
calcium storage
D.
movement
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
elastic cartilage
B.
fibrocartilage
C.
interstitial cartilage
D.
hyaline cartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Age on bone thickening
B.
Different diets on bone elongation
C.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
D.
Temperature on bone growth
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
articular cartilage
B.
elastic cartilage
C.
cancellous bone
D.
periosteum
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
B.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
C.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
D.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
Need help with your exam preparation?
Get Answers to this exam for $6 USD.
Get Answers to all exams in [ Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology ] course for $25 USD.
Existing Quiz Clients Login here