Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
joints that permit angular movements
B.
the interphalangeal joints
C.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
D.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
B.
in between osteons
C.
around the central canal of an osteon
D.
as components of the cartilage
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
periphysis
B.
diaphysis
C.
endophysis
D.
epiphysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
muscle to bone
B.
bone to bone
C.
nerve to bone
D.
muscle to muscle
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
fibrous joint.
B.
synovial joint.
C.
complex joint.
D.
cartilaginous joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
skull and appendages
B.
limbs and their girdles
C.
rib cage and limb girdles
D.
rib cage and the pelvis
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Ellipsoidal
B.
Condyloid
C.
Planar
D.
Symphysis
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
B.
Haversian canals
C.
lamellar canals
D.
osteochondral canals
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
gomphosis
B.
suture
C.
symphysis
D.
synchondrosis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
synchondrosis.
B.
symphysis.
C.
synostosis.
D.
syndesmosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteoblast activity
B.
decreases osteocyte activity
C.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
D.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
saddle
C.
pivot
D.
gliding
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
B.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
C.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
D.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
fontanels
B.
foramina
C.
sinuses
D.
sutures
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
lamella
B.
crista
C.
canaliculus
D.
lacuna
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
B.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
C.
no movement occurs.
D.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
chondroclast
B.
fibroblast
C.
osteoclast
D.
chondroblast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
epiphyseal plate
B.
trabeculae
C.
diploe
D.
diaphysis
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
symphysis
B.
suture
C.
Saddle
D.
synchondrosis
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
B.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
C.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
D.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
endosteum
B.
periosteum
C.
medullary cavity
D.
growth plate
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
B.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
C.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
D.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
elastin fibers
B.
collagenase
C.
collagen fibers
D.
hydroxyapatite crystals
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
perimysium
B.
peritoneum
C.
perichondrium
D.
periosteum
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
a cavity lined with cartilage
B.
a tendon sheath
C.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
D.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
both spongy and compact bone
B.
compact bone
C.
spongy bone
D.
fibrous bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
diaphysis
B.
epiphysis
C.
growth plate
D.
epiphyseal line
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
B.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
C.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
D.
the bone marrow forms
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
cancellous bone
B.
cortical bone
C.
compact bone
D.
spongy bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
matrix cells
B.
osteoclasts
C.
osteons
D.
osteoblasts
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
hyaline cartilage
B.
ligaments
C.
bone matrix
D.
fibrous cartilage
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
between the parietal bones
B.
scapula and humerus
C.
distal radius and ulna
D.
intercarpal
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
B.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
C.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
D.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes stiff and brittle
B.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
C.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
D.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
circumduction
B.
eversion
C.
inversion
D.
opposition
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
B.
do not contain osteocytes
C.
are found in spongy bone tissue
D.
lack concentric lamellae
Question #37
A.
production of Vitamin E
B.
regulation of acid-base balance
C.
protection of the brain and soft organs
D.
storage of water
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
Sodium
B.
Oxygen
C.
potassium
D.
Calcium
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
B.
has articular capsule capsule
C.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
D.
has liquid filled cavity
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
B.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
C.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
D.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
diaphysis
B.
lacuna
C.
periosteum
D.
spongy bone tissue
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
is very dense
B.
contains concentric lamellae
C.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
D.
contains concentric lamellae
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
chondrocyte
B.
osteoblast
C.
osteoclast
D.
osteocyte
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
B.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
C.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
D.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
store adipose tissue
B.
manufacture blood cells
C.
store bone-forming cells
D.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
Question #46
A.
calcium storage
B.
movement
C.
communication
D.
support
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
fibrocartilage
B.
hyaline cartilage
C.
elastic cartilage
D.
interstitial cartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Age on bone thickening
B.
Different diets on bone elongation
C.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
D.
Temperature on bone growth
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
cancellous bone
B.
periosteum
C.
articular cartilage
D.
elastic cartilage
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
B.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
C.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
D.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
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