Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
joints that permit angular movements
B.
the interphalangeal joints
C.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
D.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
in between osteons
B.
as components of the cartilage
C.
around the central canal of an osteon
D.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
epiphysis
B.
periphysis
C.
diaphysis
D.
endophysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
muscle to bone
B.
nerve to bone
C.
bone to bone
D.
muscle to muscle
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
complex joint.
B.
fibrous joint.
C.
synovial joint.
D.
cartilaginous joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
rib cage and limb girdles
B.
limbs and their girdles
C.
rib cage and the pelvis
D.
skull and appendages
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Ellipsoidal
B.
Planar
C.
Condyloid
D.
Symphysis
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
lamellar canals
B.
osteochondral canals
C.
Haversian canals
D.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
suture
B.
synchondrosis
C.
symphysis
D.
gomphosis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
syndesmosis.
B.
synchondrosis.
C.
symphysis.
D.
synostosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteoblast activity
B.
decreases osteocyte activity
C.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
D.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
hinge
B.
saddle
C.
gliding
D.
pivot
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
B.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
C.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
D.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
sinuses
B.
foramina
C.
sutures
D.
fontanels
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
lacuna
B.
crista
C.
canaliculus
D.
lamella
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
B.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
C.
no movement occurs.
D.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
chondroclast
B.
fibroblast
C.
osteoclast
D.
chondroblast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
epiphyseal plate
B.
diaphysis
C.
trabeculae
D.
diploe
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
synchondrosis
B.
symphysis
C.
Saddle
D.
suture
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
B.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
C.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
D.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
growth plate
B.
medullary cavity
C.
endosteum
D.
periosteum
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
B.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
C.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
D.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
collagen fibers
B.
elastin fibers
C.
hydroxyapatite crystals
D.
collagenase
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
perimysium
B.
periosteum
C.
perichondrium
D.
peritoneum
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
B.
a tendon sheath
C.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
D.
a cavity lined with cartilage
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
spongy bone
B.
fibrous bone
C.
compact bone
D.
both spongy and compact bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
diaphysis
B.
growth plate
C.
epiphyseal line
D.
epiphysis
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
B.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
C.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
D.
the bone marrow forms
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
spongy bone
B.
compact bone
C.
cancellous bone
D.
cortical bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
osteons
B.
osteoblasts
C.
matrix cells
D.
osteoclasts
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
bone matrix
B.
hyaline cartilage
C.
fibrous cartilage
D.
ligaments
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
between the parietal bones
B.
scapula and humerus
C.
distal radius and ulna
D.
intercarpal
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
B.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
C.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
D.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
B.
it becomes stiff and brittle
C.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
D.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
opposition
B.
inversion
C.
circumduction
D.
eversion
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
B.
do not contain osteocytes
C.
are found in spongy bone tissue
D.
lack concentric lamellae
Question #37
Important functions of the skeletal system include:
A.
production of Vitamin E
B.
regulation of acid-base balance
C.
protection of the brain and soft organs
D.
storage of water
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
potassium
B.
Sodium
C.
Oxygen
D.
Calcium
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
B.
has liquid filled cavity
C.
has articular capsule capsule
D.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
B.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
C.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
D.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
lacuna
B.
spongy bone tissue
C.
diaphysis
D.
periosteum
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
B.
is very dense
C.
contains concentric lamellae
D.
contains concentric lamellae
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
osteocyte
B.
osteoblast
C.
osteoclast
D.
chondrocyte
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
B.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
C.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
D.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
B.
manufacture blood cells
C.
store adipose tissue
D.
store bone-forming cells
Question #46
Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?
A.
calcium storage
B.
support
C.
communication
D.
movement
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
hyaline cartilage
B.
elastic cartilage
C.
interstitial cartilage
D.
fibrocartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Different diets on bone elongation
B.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
C.
Temperature on bone growth
D.
Age on bone thickening
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
elastic cartilage
B.
cancellous bone
C.
articular cartilage
D.
periosteum
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
B.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
C.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
D.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
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