Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Leture Exam 2 Skeletal System and Joints
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Question #1
Which of the following defines "symphysis"?
A.
the interphalangeal joints
B.
amphiarthrotic joints designed for flexibility and strength
C.
joints that permit angular movements
D.
cartilaginous joints with fibrocartilage uniting the ends of the bones
Question #2
You would look for concentric lamellae
A.
as components of the cartilage
B.
around the central canal of an osteon
C.
in between osteons
D.
on the outer surface of compact bone tissues
Question #3
The end region of a long bone is called;
A.
periphysis
B.
epiphysis
C.
diaphysis
D.
endophysis
Question #4
Ligaments attach:
A.
muscle to bone
B.
nerve to bone
C.
muscle to muscle
D.
bone to bone
Question #5
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
A.
fibrous joint.
B.
complex joint.
C.
synovial joint.
D.
cartilaginous joint.
Question #6
The appendicular skeleton consists of the
A.
skull and appendages
B.
limbs and their girdles
C.
rib cage and the pelvis
D.
rib cage and limb girdles
Question #7
Which of the following type of joint is not a synovial joint?
A.
Planar
B.
Ellipsoidal
C.
Condyloid
D.
Symphysis
Question #8
These are blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon and run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
A.
Volkmann canals (Perforating canals)
B.
osteochondral canals
C.
lamellar canals
D.
Haversian canals
Question #9
The dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree of movement at an intervertebral joint is classified as a:
A.
synchondrosis
B.
symphysis
C.
suture
D.
gomphosis
Question #10
The epiphyseal plate of a growing bone is actually a temporary joint called a
A.
syndesmosis.
B.
synostosis.
C.
symphysis.
D.
synchondrosis.
Question #11
Calcitonin:
A.
decreases osteochondral progenitor cell activity
B.
decreases osteoblast activity
C.
decreases osteocyte activity
D.
decreases osteoclast activity and increases osteoblast activity
Question #12
The joint between the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) is a ________ joint.
A.
gliding
B.
pivot
C.
hinge
D.
saddle
Question #13
The proper sequence of events in bone repair is
A.
hematoma formation, soft callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
B.
callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation.
C.
remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation.
D.
callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone.
Question #14
Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____.
A.
foramina
B.
sinuses
C.
fontanels
D.
sutures
Question #15
Ring of matrix is called
A.
canaliculus
B.
lamella
C.
lacuna
D.
crista
Question #16
In a syndesmosis
A.
it is not unusual to find discs of cartilage.
B.
no movement occurs.
C.
there is an osseous union between the bones of the joint.
D.
the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous membranes.
Question #17
Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix?
A.
osteoclast
B.
fibroblast
C.
chondroblast
D.
chondroclast
Question #18
In which of the following structures or areas would osteons be present?
A.
epiphyseal plate
B.
diaphysis
C.
diploe
D.
trabeculae
Question #19
What type of joint has a synovial cavity; articular cartilage, a synovial membrane and ligaments?
A.
suture
B.
Saddle
C.
symphysis
D.
synchondrosis
Question #20
Which of the following occurs in the formation of mineralized bone matrix?
A.
Ca2+ is actively transported from bone matrix to the blood.
B.
Osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans.
C.
The protein components of bone matrix are digested.
D.
Hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix.
Question #21
What is the area where bone marrow is located?
A.
periosteum
B.
endosteum
C.
growth plate
D.
medullary cavity
Question #22
Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of _____, _____, and _____ in the diet.
A.
potassium, calcium, and vitamin C
B.
vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride
C.
sodium, calcium, and vitamin E
D.
calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
Question #23
The hardness of bone matrix is due to the presence of:
A.
collagen fibers
B.
collagenase
C.
elastin fibers
D.
hydroxyapatite crystals
Question #24
Which of the following membrane convers the surface of the shaft region a mature bone?
A.
perichondrium
B.
perimysium
C.
peritoneum
D.
periosteum
Question #25
Menisci refers to:
A.
a tendon sheath
B.
the crescent-shaped cartilage pad
C.
a cavity lined with cartilage
D.
a small sac containing synovial fluid
Question #26
In which type of bone would osteons be present?
A.
compact bone
B.
spongy bone
C.
fibrous bone
D.
both spongy and compact bone
Question #27
An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________ of the bone.
A.
growth plate
B.
epiphyseal line
C.
epiphysis
D.
diaphysis
Question #28
The longitudinal growth of long bones ceases when:
A.
the epiphysis becomes separated from the diaphysis
B.
the epiphyseal plate is completely replaced with bone tissue
C.
the bone marrow forms
D.
chondroblasts take over mitosis of osteoblasts
Question #29
Which type of bone has opening between columns (plates) of bone tissue?
A.
spongy bone
B.
cortical bone
C.
compact bone
D.
cancellous bone
Question #30
When a fracture begins to heal, one type of bone cell moves into the fracture site and tears down the damaged bone tissue. Which of the following does this?
A.
matrix cells
B.
osteons
C.
osteoblasts
D.
osteoclasts
Question #31
Collagen and calcium crystals (hydroxyapatite) are the primary constituents of:
A.
hyaline cartilage
B.
bone matrix
C.
fibrous cartilage
D.
ligaments
Question #32
Which of these is a syndesmosis type of joint?
A.
scapula and humerus
B.
between the parietal bones
C.
intercarpal
D.
distal radius and ulna
Question #33
Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true?
A.
When blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity increases.
B.
Parathyroid hormone inhibits osteoclast activity.
C.
Parathyroid hormone increases calcium loss from the kidney.
D.
Increased osteoblast activity increases blood calcium levels.
Question #34
If the collagen and minerals are removed from a bone, what happens to the bone?
A.
it becomes stiff and brittle
B.
no noticeable differences occur with the bone
C.
it breaks apart into thousands of small pieces
D.
it becomes soft, rubbery and fragile
Question #35
The movement of the first (I) metacarpal about the trapezium is called ____.
A.
inversion
B.
opposition
C.
circumduction
D.
eversion
Question #36
Haversian systems or osteons:
A.
are basic units in compact bone tissue
B.
do not contain osteocytes
C.
are found in spongy bone tissue
D.
lack concentric lamellae
Question #37
Important functions of the skeletal system include:
A.
protection of the brain and soft organs
B.
storage of water
C.
regulation of acid-base balance
D.
production of Vitamin E
Question #38
The primary mineral in bone is:
A.
Calcium
B.
Sodium
C.
potassium
D.
Oxygen
Question #39
Which of the following does not describe synovial joints?
A.
has articular capsule capsule
B.
bones held together by fibrous tissue
C.
joint surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
D.
has liquid filled cavity
Question #40
Synovial fluid within joint cavities is produced by:
A.
the secretory cells within the fibrous joint capsule
B.
continual blood filtration in the synovial membrane
C.
"weeping lubrications" from the articular cartilage
D.
filtration of red bone marrow within the epiphyses
Question #41
The main storage area for adipose(fat) tissue in a long bone is:
A.
diaphysis
B.
periosteum
C.
spongy bone tissue
D.
lacuna
Question #42
Spongy bone tissue:
A.
contains concentric lamellae
B.
has many spaces and lacks osteocytes
C.
contains concentric lamellae
D.
is very dense
Question #43
The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the:
A.
osteoclast
B.
osteocyte
C.
chondrocyte
D.
osteoblast
Question #44
Which of the following is NOT an effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A.
increases the reabsorption of phosphate from the proximal tubule of the kidney
B.
increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys
C.
increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine
D.
decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys
Question #45
Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to:
A.
store bone-forming cells
B.
store adipose tissue
C.
manufacture blood cells
D.
manufacture tissue cells for the skin
Question #46
Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?
A.
communication
B.
calcium storage
C.
movement
D.
support
Question #47
The type of cartilage associated with bone function and development is:
A.
elastic cartilage
B.
fibrocartilage
C.
hyaline cartilage
D.
interstitial cartilage
Question #48
Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of
A.
Mechanical stress on bone remodeling
B.
Temperature on bone growth
C.
Different diets on bone elongation
D.
Age on bone thickening
Question #49
What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones?
A.
cancellous bone
B.
articular cartilage
C.
periosteum
D.
elastic cartilage
Question #50
The joint capsule
A.
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
B.
is a layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
C.
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
D.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
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