Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 1
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Question #1
In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region
A.
of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
B.
outside the cell to a region inside the cell.
C.
inside the cell to a region outside the cell.
D.
of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Question #2
What type of membrane proteins allow cells to identify one another?
A.
marker molecules
B.
channel protein
C.
enzymes
D.
receptor proteins
Question #3
Knowledge of the structure of body parts helps us to understand their function. Which of the following is an accurate example of that principle?
A.
Moveable joints allow us to bend our fingers to perform many different actions.
B.
The internal environment of the body is maintained in a relatively stable condition.
C.
The basic structural unit of the body is the cell.
D.
Each tissue type is composed of cells that have a similar structure and function.
Question #4
Light-skinned races such as Caucasians have
A.
more melanin in their skin.
B.
approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins.
C.
more melanocytes than races with darker skins.
D.
fewer melanocytes than races with darker skins.
Question #5
Epithelial tissue is characterized by each of these traits, except that;
A.
it functions in secretion, absorption, and excretion
B.
it is anchored to a basement membrane
C.
it lacks blood vessels
D.
epithelial cells are loosely packed and have little intercellular material
Question #6
Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?
A.
The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.
B.
The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.
C.
The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.
D.
The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
Question #7
Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following?
A.
physiology
B.
gross anatomy
C.
radiology
D.
histology
Question #8
What type of membrane proteins are integral proteins that move ions or molecules across plasma membrane?
A.
receptor proteins
B.
carrier proteins
C.
marker molecules
D.
channel protein
Question #9
The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient is called
A.
active transport.
B.
endocytosis.
C.
facilitated diffusion.
D.
diffusion.
Question #10
What must be present for diffusion to occur?
A.
concentration gradient
B.
protein carriers
C.
aquaporins
D.
cell membrane
Question #11
Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light?
A.
vitamin D
B.
vitamin A
C.
vitamin B
D.
vitamin C
Question #12
The main components of the plasma membrane are
A.
proteins and carbohydrates.
B.
proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
C.
lipids and ions.
D.
carbohydrates, ions, and lipids.
Question #13
The plasma membrane
A.
separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.
B.
regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell.
C.
is a rigid protein membrane.
D.
has a single layer of phospholipids.
Question #14
Which of the following is NOT the correct name of an organ system?
A.
lymphatic
B.
cardiovascular
C.
integumentary
D.
hormonal
Question #15
The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the
A.
stratum granulosum.
B.
stratum lucidum.
C.
stratum corneum.
D.
stratum basale.
Question #16
Given these terms related to feedback mechanism: 1.Stimulus 2. Receptor 3. Effectors 4. Response 5. Control center: Arrange them in the correct order as they operate to maintain homeostasis.
A.
51243
B.
12534
C.
23415
D.
34251
Question #17
Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?
A.
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
B.
stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum
C.
stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum
D.
stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum
Question #18
The nucleus of a cell functions to
A.
control and coordinate cellular activities.
B.
produce secretory vesicles.
C.
digest lipids.
D.
produce ATP.
Question #19
Channel proteins
A.
are found only on endoplasmic reticulum.
B.
utilize the G protein complex to function.
C.
allow cells to recognize one another.
D.
provide a tunnel through which ions or molecules can enter or leave the cell.
Question #20
A cell's ability to replenish ATP is reduced by a metabolic poison. Which organelle is being affected?
A.
nucleus
B.
microtubule
C.
mitochondrion
D.
centriole
Question #21
Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together?
A.
developmental
B.
regional
C.
systemic
D.
histology
Question #22
The two primary components of a matrix of a connective tissue are;
A.
ground substance and fibers
B.
osetocyte and elastic fibers
C.
fibroblast and fibers
D.
cells and fibers
Question #23
At ____________, transmembrane proteins create tiny pores through which small molecules and ions pass between adjoining cells.
A.
adhering junctions
B.
gap junctions
C.
desmosomes
D.
tight junctions
Question #24
Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false?
A.
Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
B.
Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.
C.
The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.
D.
The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.
Question #25
Which of the following is most consistent with homeostasis?
A.
Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion (insulin causes cells to take up glucose) to increase.
B.
Men working in a hot environment drink large quantities of water, and their urine volume increases.
C.
As the mean blood pressure gradually increases in aging people, the blood vessel walls become thinner.
D.
As blood pressure falls, blood flow to cardiac (heart) muscle decreases.
Question #26
The bulk uptake of material by the formation of a vesicle is called
A.
facilitated diffusion.
B.
diffusion.
C.
endocytosis.
D.
passive transport.
Question #27
Homeostasis is defined as
A.
the combination of growth, self-repair, and energy release.
B.
the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.
C.
an amplification of deviation from the normal range.
D.
the production of energy by cells.
Question #28
When the concentration of water molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same (as a cell in an isotonic solution), the water molecules will;
A.
move across the membrane to the outside of the cell
B.
move across the membrane, but equally in both directions
C.
stop moving across the membrane
D.
move across the membrane to the inside of the cell
Question #29
Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called
A.
melanocytes.
B.
melanocytes.
C.
dermal striae.
D.
dermal papillae.
Question #30
What type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can attach to a ligand/hormone/neurotransmitter?
A.
enzymes
B.
channel protein
C.
marker molecules
D.
receptor proteins
Question #31
The four principal types of tissues are
A.
connective, skeletal, epithelial, nervous
B.
epithelial, skeletal, connective, reticular
C.
muscle, nervous, skeletal, connective
D.
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Question #32
Which of the following structures is found in the nucleus?
A.
cytosol
B.
cisternae
C.
cristae
D.
chromosome
Question #33
Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis?
A.
As body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body.
B.
Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to decline.
C.
When a person drinks large quantities of water, urine output decreases to raise blood volume.
D.
Decreases in blood pressure cause a corresponding decrease in heart rate.
Question #34
This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells.
A.
stratum corneum
B.
stratum lucidum
C.
stratum spinosum
D.
stratum granulosum
Question #35
Which layer of the epidermis is found in only a few areas of the body?
A.
stratum basale
B.
stratum granulosum
C.
stratum spinosum
D.
stratum lucidum
Question #36
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.
B.
Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.
C.
Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria.
D.
Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin.
Question #37
A.
form a monolayer.
B.
create a non-selectively permeable barrier.
C.
have polar phosphate heads.
D.
have polar fatty acid tails.
Question #38
Which of the following tissue has a basement membrane?
A.
cardiac muscle tissue
B.
simple columnar epithelium
C.
adipose tissue
D.
areolar connective tissue
Question #39
The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is
A.
detection of heat and touch.
B.
regulation of acid-base balance.
C.
protection from cancer.
D.
production of Vitamin E.
Question #40
Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane.
A.
sodium
B.
oxygen
C.
urea
D.
water
Question #41
Which of the following statements concerning membrane transport across the plasma membrane is true?
A.
Lipid-soluble substances pass through the membrane by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.
B.
Polar molecules are transported more easily than nonpolar molecules.
C.
Water cannot move through the membrane.
D.
Generally, cations pass through the membrane more easily than anions.
Question #42
Eccrine sweat glands
A.
aid in cooling the body.
B.
serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles.
C.
produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin.
D.
produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria.
Question #43
Certain cells in the liver ingest bacteria and debris from damaged cells by a process called
A.
biocytosis.
B.
pinocytosis.
C.
phagocytosis.
D.
calmly regulated diffusion.
Question #44
Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion?
A.
an increase in the viscosity of the solvent
B.
an increase in the temperature
C.
an increase in the molecular weight of the diffusing particles
D.
an increase in the distance the molecules have to travel
Question #45
Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?
A.
lymphatic
B.
nervous
C.
cardiovascular
D.
urinary
Question #46
Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines?
A.
physiology
B.
gross anatomy
C.
histology
D.
radiology
Question #47
A red blood cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution
A.
ruptures.
B.
loses water.
C.
gains water.
D.
floats.
Question #48
A symporter will transport _____ across the cell membrane.
A.
two different ions or molecules in opposite directions
B.
one specific ion or molecule
C.
two of the same ions or molecules in the same direction
D.
two different ions or molecules in the same direction
Question #49
Ribosomes are organelles responsible for
A.
manufacturing lipids.
B.
packaging "cell products" for export.
C.
protein synthesis.
D.
cell movement and cell shape.
Question #50
The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the
A.
digestive system.
B.
endocrine system.
C.
skeletal system.
D.
respiratory system.
Question #51
A blood clot stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of
A.
neutral feedback.
B.
positive feedback.
C.
negative feedback.
D.
metabolism.
Question #52
Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?
A.
Langerhans cells
B.
Merkel cells
C.
melanocytes
D.
keratinocytes
Question #53
An organ is
A.
the basic structural unit of all living organisms.
B.
a structure composed of several tissue types.
C.
a group of cells with similar structure and function.
D.
a small structure within a cell.
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