Bio 2050 - Anatomy and Physiology » Summer 2021 » Lecture Exam 1
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Question #1
In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region
A.
outside the cell to a region inside the cell.
B.
of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
C.
inside the cell to a region outside the cell.
D.
of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Question #2
What type of membrane proteins allow cells to identify one another?
A.
marker molecules
B.
enzymes
C.
channel protein
D.
receptor proteins
Question #3
Knowledge of the structure of body parts helps us to understand their function. Which of the following is an accurate example of that principle?
A.
The basic structural unit of the body is the cell.
B.
The internal environment of the body is maintained in a relatively stable condition.
C.
Each tissue type is composed of cells that have a similar structure and function.
D.
Moveable joints allow us to bend our fingers to perform many different actions.
Question #4
Light-skinned races such as Caucasians have
A.
approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins.
B.
more melanin in their skin.
C.
more melanocytes than races with darker skins.
D.
fewer melanocytes than races with darker skins.
Question #5
Epithelial tissue is characterized by each of these traits, except that;
A.
it is anchored to a basement membrane
B.
it lacks blood vessels
C.
epithelial cells are loosely packed and have little intercellular material
D.
it functions in secretion, absorption, and excretion
Question #6
Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?
A.
The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.
B.
The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.
C.
The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.
D.
The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
Question #7
Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following?
A.
histology
B.
gross anatomy
C.
physiology
D.
radiology
Question #8
What type of membrane proteins are integral proteins that move ions or molecules across plasma membrane?
A.
carrier proteins
B.
receptor proteins
C.
channel protein
D.
marker molecules
Question #9
The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient is called
A.
endocytosis.
B.
facilitated diffusion.
C.
diffusion.
D.
active transport.
Question #10
What must be present for diffusion to occur?
A.
aquaporins
B.
concentration gradient
C.
cell membrane
D.
protein carriers
Question #11
Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light?
A.
vitamin C
B.
vitamin B
C.
vitamin D
D.
vitamin A
Question #12
The main components of the plasma membrane are
A.
proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
B.
proteins and carbohydrates.
C.
lipids and ions.
D.
carbohydrates, ions, and lipids.
Question #13
The plasma membrane
A.
is a rigid protein membrane.
B.
separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.
C.
regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell.
D.
has a single layer of phospholipids.
Question #14
Which of the following is NOT the correct name of an organ system?
A.
integumentary
B.
hormonal
C.
lymphatic
D.
cardiovascular
Question #15
The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the
A.
stratum corneum.
B.
stratum granulosum.
C.
stratum lucidum.
D.
stratum basale.
Question #16
Given these terms related to feedback mechanism: 1.Stimulus 2. Receptor 3. Effectors 4. Response 5. Control center: Arrange them in the correct order as they operate to maintain homeostasis.
A.
34251
B.
12534
C.
23415
D.
51243
Question #17
Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?
A.
stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum
B.
stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum
C.
stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum
D.
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
Question #18
The nucleus of a cell functions to
A.
control and coordinate cellular activities.
B.
digest lipids.
C.
produce secretory vesicles.
D.
produce ATP.
Question #19
Channel proteins
A.
allow cells to recognize one another.
B.
utilize the G protein complex to function.
C.
provide a tunnel through which ions or molecules can enter or leave the cell.
D.
are found only on endoplasmic reticulum.
Question #20
A cell's ability to replenish ATP is reduced by a metabolic poison. Which organelle is being affected?
A.
microtubule
B.
centriole
C.
nucleus
D.
mitochondrion
Question #21
Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together?
A.
histology
B.
regional
C.
developmental
D.
systemic
Question #22
The two primary components of a matrix of a connective tissue are;
A.
osetocyte and elastic fibers
B.
fibroblast and fibers
C.
ground substance and fibers
D.
cells and fibers
Question #23
At ____________, transmembrane proteins create tiny pores through which small molecules and ions pass between adjoining cells.
A.
gap junctions
B.
desmosomes
C.
adhering junctions
D.
tight junctions
Question #24
Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false?
A.
Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
B.
Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.
C.
The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.
D.
The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.
Question #25
Which of the following is most consistent with homeostasis?
A.
As blood pressure falls, blood flow to cardiac (heart) muscle decreases.
B.
Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion (insulin causes cells to take up glucose) to increase.
C.
As the mean blood pressure gradually increases in aging people, the blood vessel walls become thinner.
D.
Men working in a hot environment drink large quantities of water, and their urine volume increases.
Question #26
The bulk uptake of material by the formation of a vesicle is called
A.
diffusion.
B.
endocytosis.
C.
facilitated diffusion.
D.
passive transport.
Question #27
Homeostasis is defined as
A.
the production of energy by cells.
B.
the combination of growth, self-repair, and energy release.
C.
an amplification of deviation from the normal range.
D.
the maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body.
Question #28
When the concentration of water molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same (as a cell in an isotonic solution), the water molecules will;
A.
move across the membrane, but equally in both directions
B.
stop moving across the membrane
C.
move across the membrane to the outside of the cell
D.
move across the membrane to the inside of the cell
Question #29
Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called
A.
dermal papillae.
B.
melanocytes.
C.
melanocytes.
D.
dermal striae.
Question #30
What type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can attach to a ligand/hormone/neurotransmitter?
A.
marker molecules
B.
receptor proteins
C.
enzymes
D.
channel protein
Question #31
The four principal types of tissues are
A.
connective, skeletal, epithelial, nervous
B.
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
C.
muscle, nervous, skeletal, connective
D.
epithelial, skeletal, connective, reticular
Question #32
Which of the following structures is found in the nucleus?
A.
chromosome
B.
cristae
C.
cisternae
D.
cytosol
Question #33
Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis?
A.
When a person drinks large quantities of water, urine output decreases to raise blood volume.
B.
Decreases in blood pressure cause a corresponding decrease in heart rate.
C.
Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to decline.
D.
As body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body.
Question #34
This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells.
A.
stratum lucidum
B.
stratum corneum
C.
stratum granulosum
D.
stratum spinosum
Question #35
Which layer of the epidermis is found in only a few areas of the body?
A.
stratum spinosum
B.
stratum basale
C.
stratum lucidum
D.
stratum granulosum
Question #36
Which of the following statements is false?
A.
Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin.
B.
Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria.
C.
Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.
D.
Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.
Question #37
Plasma membrane phospholipids
A.
have polar phosphate heads.
B.
create a non-selectively permeable barrier.
C.
form a monolayer.
D.
have polar fatty acid tails.
Question #38
Which of the following tissue has a basement membrane?
A.
simple columnar epithelium
B.
cardiac muscle tissue
C.
adipose tissue
D.
areolar connective tissue
Question #39
The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is
A.
detection of heat and touch.
B.
regulation of acid-base balance.
C.
production of Vitamin E.
D.
protection from cancer.
Question #40
Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane.
A.
water
B.
urea
C.
oxygen
D.
sodium
Question #41
Which of the following statements concerning membrane transport across the plasma membrane is true?
A.
Lipid-soluble substances pass through the membrane by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.
B.
Generally, cations pass through the membrane more easily than anions.
C.
Water cannot move through the membrane.
D.
Polar molecules are transported more easily than nonpolar molecules.
Question #42
Eccrine sweat glands
A.
serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles.
B.
aid in cooling the body.
C.
produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria.
D.
produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin.
Question #43
Certain cells in the liver ingest bacteria and debris from damaged cells by a process called
A.
calmly regulated diffusion.
B.
pinocytosis.
C.
biocytosis.
D.
phagocytosis.
Question #44
Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion?
A.
an increase in the temperature
B.
an increase in the distance the molecules have to travel
C.
an increase in the molecular weight of the diffusing particles
D.
an increase in the viscosity of the solvent
Question #45
Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?
A.
nervous
B.
lymphatic
C.
urinary
D.
cardiovascular
Question #46
A.
physiology
B.
gross anatomy
C.
histology
D.
radiology
Question #47
A red blood cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution
A.
gains water.
B.
loses water.
C.
floats.
D.
ruptures.
Question #48
A symporter will transport _____ across the cell membrane.
A.
two of the same ions or molecules in the same direction
B.
two different ions or molecules in opposite directions
C.
one specific ion or molecule
D.
two different ions or molecules in the same direction
Question #49
Ribosomes are organelles responsible for
A.
cell movement and cell shape.
B.
manufacturing lipids.
C.
protein synthesis.
D.
packaging "cell products" for export.
Question #50
The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the
A.
endocrine system.
B.
digestive system.
C.
respiratory system.
D.
skeletal system.
Question #51
A blood clot stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of
A.
negative feedback.
B.
positive feedback.
C.
metabolism.
D.
neutral feedback.
Question #52
Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?
A.
melanocytes
B.
keratinocytes
C.
Merkel cells
D.
Langerhans cells
Question #53
An organ is
A.
a structure composed of several tissue types.
B.
a group of cells with similar structure and function.
C.
a small structure within a cell.
D.
the basic structural unit of all living organisms.
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