Soc 001 - Introduction to Sociology » Summer 2021 » Examination 2
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Question #1
Elementary school children are taught to place their right hands over their hearts during the pledge of allegiance. These children are being taught some of the norms and values of the U.S. this is an example of:
A.
moral reasoning
B.
anticipatory socialization
C.
the looking-glass self
D.
the hidden curriculum
E.
the sociological imagination
Question #2
Peer groups are important to adolescents because:
A.
they protect adolescents from peer pressure
B.
they help young individuals develop a sense of identity separate from their parents
C.
their influence is higher in importance than the influence of parents
D.
they provide the only major socialization experience outside the realm of their families
Question #3
In an effort to control a total institution and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. This process is an example of:
A.
an entry test that must be passed
B.
a degradation ceremony
C.
impression management.
D.
class consciousness
E.
F.
a counterculture.
Question #4
Some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. Which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a traditional U.S. gender role?
A.
Allowing Joey to sleep with his “blankey”.
B.
Encouraging Vicki to wear pants to school.
C.
Buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with.
D.
Taking Jimmy to the aquarium.
Question #5
At a parent-teacher conference, Jimmy’s teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When she expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, the father insists that he was the same way at Jimmy’s age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Which sociological concept are Jimmy’s teacher and father discussing?
A.
Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
B.
Nature vs. Nurture.
C.
George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development.
D.
Freud's theory of self-development.
Question #6
From a sociological perspective, which factor does not greatly influence a person’s socialization?
A.
Blood type.
B.
Race/ethnicity.
C.
Gender.
D.
Social class.
Question #7
Which of the following is a manifest function of schools?
A.
Understanding when to speak up and when to be silent
B.
Knowing locker room etiquette.
C.
Learning to read and write.
D.
Following a schedule.
Question #8
The process of socialization is successfully completed and comes to an end when an individual mates and reproduces.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
The employee code of conduct clearly states that if an employee is late three times without notifying a supervisor, the employee is terminated. Roger fired Lois and felt that it was the right thing to do. Being guided by the rules, Roger relied on the:
A.
generalized other
B.
morality of care
C.
code of the west
D.
morality of justice
Question #10
In her award acceptance speech, Rita thanked the many different people and groups that shaped her beliefs, behavior, and self-concept. She acknowledged:
A.
the looking-glass self
B.
generalized other
C.
morality of care
D.
agents of socialization
E.
morality of justice
Question #11
Chapter 5 of your text presents several theories of human development. One thing all of these have in common is:
A.
the belief that ideas about sex and gender roles are innate—we are born with them.
B.
the idea that successful socialization occurs only in two-parent families
C.
an emphasis on nature, rather than nurture
D.
the idea that development/socialization occurs in a sequence of stages
Question #12
Sandy is standing in line for Kanye West tickets. The line wraps around the block, spilling into the streets and crowding store windows. Sandy is part of a(n):
A.
out-group
B.
in-group
C.
dyad
D.
aggregate
E.
reference group
Question #13
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy?
A.
Impersonality.
B.
Personality-based promotion.
C.
Explicit rules .
D.
Clear division of labor .
Question #14
An instrumental leader:
A.
is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.
B.
promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported
C.
rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.
D.
plays a musical instrument.
E.
relies on degradation ceremonies.
Question #15
The McDonalidization of Society refers to:
A.
the country’s increasing dependence on fast food for daily meals.
B.
the increaing popularity of McDonalds as a hang-out for youths all over the world.
C.
the obesity epidemic that’s rapidly sweeping the United States.
D.
the increasing presence of the fast-food business model in common social institutions
Question #16
Students in the college town refer to the local residents as “Townies.” The students feel disconnected from the Townies and often hold negative views towards them. From the students’ viewpoint, the Townies are a(n):
A.
reference group.
B.
out-group
C.
in-group.
D.
secondary group
Question #17
Fiona signed up to volunteer with the Voter Registration Council, a group that registers local high school graduates to vote in upcoming elections. This group has come together for a specific purpose and is an example of a(n):
A.
secondary group
B.
primary group
C.
social network
D.
in-group
Question #18
Missy has never been to a Bar Mitzvah before so she is unsure of the appropriate dress for the occasion. When she arrives, Missy checks out what the other women are wearing. She is pleased to see that most women are wearing elegant dresses like her own. The other women, on this occasion, make up Missy’s:
A.
instrumental leaders
B.
primary group
C.
out-group
D.
reference group
Question #19
Although polygamy (being married to more than one person at one time) is illegal in the U.S., there are groups of American men who live with multiple “sister wives” in defiance of the law. Such a polygamous group would be an example of:
A.
a "hipster" culture.
B.
none of these.
C.
a subculture.
D.
a secondary group.
E.
a crime syndicate.
Question #20
In first grade, Scott is unfairly singled out by his teacher for bad behavior, partly because his older brothers had behavioral problems themselves. Throughout school, Scott gains a reputation as a “problem” child. Scott eventually drops out of school, thinking he was born to fail anyway. Which theory best fits Scott’s experience?
A.
Labeling theory.
B.
Strain theory.
C.
Differential association theory.
D.
Control theory.
E.
Conflict theory.
Question #21
Income and wealth distribution in the U.S. is relatively equal between each fifth of the population (20% of the population has 20% of the income and wealth, 40% of the population has 40%, etc.)
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #22
Sociologists have observed social stratification in:
A.
caste-based societies only.
B.
formal organizations only.
C.
societies of moderate size only.
D.
modern societies only.
E.
all societies.
Question #23
Social mobility can be best defined as:
A.
the movement to a higher position in the stratification hierarchy in contrast to the position of one's parents.
B.
the movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification system.
C.
the ranking of people into a hierarchy in which resources considered valuable are unequally distributed.
D.
a person's social location based on all three dimensions of the stratification system.
Question #24
"People gain desirable positions in the stratification system through exploitation or inheritance and then work to prevent access to those resources by less fortunate groups." This statement reflects the:
A.
interactionist perspective.
B.
functionalist perspective.
C.
anomic perspective.
D.
conflict perspective.
E.
evolutionary perspective.
Question #25
The Reverend Edward Smith is a respected member of his community who serves on many boards and committees and has great influence, although his income is low and he lives in a modest home. The above description illustrates that social class is:
A.
influenced almost solely by economic factors.
B.
not determined solely by economics but influenced also by social and political actors.
C.
determined almost entirely by religious factors.
D.
defined correctly according to Karl Marx.
Question #26
The Davis-Moore Thesis states:
A.
that Karl Marx was correct and that stratification can only be solved by converting to a socialist government.
B.
that economic hardship and skyrocketing inflation is the cause for all social stratification in the United States.
C.
that people constantly move up and down the social ladder, and this creates an unstable economy which will eventually collapse on itself.
D.
that the more society values a particular profession, the more money the people in that profession will make.
Question #27
Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in her sorority would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and purchased the $1,500. bag. This kind of purchasing is called:
A.
designer consumerism.
B.
conspicuous consumption.
C.
popular consumption.
D.
credit card populism.
Question #28
Which theoretical perspective stresses that deviance promotes social unity and fosters social change?
A.
Functionalist.
B.
Conflict.
C.
Differential association.
D.
Symbolic interactionist.
Question #29
According to Merton’s social strain theory, someone who “gives up” on the pursuit of success by abusing alcohol or drugs would be classified as a(n):
A.
innovator.
B.
rebel.
C.
conformist.
D.
ritualist.
E.
retreatist.
Question #30
A major difference between “corporate/white-collar crime” and “street” crime is that “street” crime:
A.
involves more people.
B.
usually causes more economic damage.
C.
is more likely to be violent.
D.
usually is more sophisticated.
E.
is committed by higher-status people.
Question #31
The term secondary deviance can be defined as:
A.
when a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society.
B.
when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from society's expectations.
C.
when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek better behavioral choices.
D.
when a violation of norms does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others.
Question #32
Structural mobility takes place when:
A.
an individual moves down the social class ladder.
B.
a member of a family belongs to a different social class than his/her/xir siblings.
C.
a large group moves up or down due to societal change.
D.
an individual moves up the social class ladder.
Question #33
All Americans (Millions) / Americans In Poverty (Millions) / Poverty Rate Under 18 years 73.4 / 12.8 / 17.5% 18 to 64 years 198.1 / 22.2 / 11.2% 65 years and older 51.1 / 4.7 / 9.2% 322.5 / 39.7 / 12.3% According to the data above, the greatest number of Americans in poverty is:
A.
single mothers.
B.
65 years old or older.
C.
18 to 64 years old.
D.
children under 18 years old.
Question #34
Which of the following is an example of a negative informal sanction?
A.
Meredith receiving compliments on her hair after visiting the salon.
B.
Ed being given a "Teacher of the Year" award for her work as a high school English teacher.
C.
Mario being sent to jail after robbing a CVS.
D.
Beatrix being booed off stage after telling an offensive joke during her comedy routine.
Question #35
A high school is a formal organization that is divided into a hierarchy of different departments with the principal’s office at the top, followed by the vice principals’ offices and the department heads. This is an example of:
A.
social capital.
B.
a social network.
C.
a bureaucracy.
D.
a voluntary organization.
Question #36
The term deviance can be defined as:
A.
a violation of established norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law
B.
the act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring.
C.
the regulation and enforcement of norms.
D.
social rewards for the violation of norms.
Question #37
A.
A hate crime never involves physical violence to the victim..
B.
A violent crime is punishable in a court of law; a hate crime is not.
C.
A hate crime is based on the victim's son's race, religion, or other characteristics.
D.
A hate crime is punishable in a court of law; a violent crime is not.
Question #38
When Christy entered high school, she noticed that most of her female classmates wore lipstick. Christy bought some lipstick and started wearing it so that she could fit in with the others. This is an example of:
A.
bureaucracy.
B.
groupthink.
C.
instrumental leadership.
D.
conformity.
Question #39
Social control is:
A.
the regulation and enforcement of norms.
B.
dysfunctional in most societies.
C.
a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law.
D.
a published list of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives.
Question #40
Bureaucratic organizations are highly flexible and adaptive.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #41
According to your text's discussion of social disorganization theory, where is crime most likely to occur?
A.
A college campus with students who are very competitive.
B.
A city with a large minority population.
C.
A community where neighbors don't know each other very well.True
D.
A neighborhood with mostly elderly people.
Question #42
When an individual’s rank is the same across the dimensions of income, education, and occupation (e.g. the child of wealthy people graduates from an Ivy League school and takes a job in a prestigious law firm and eventually becomes a high-ranking Federal Government officer) we can say that individual is demonstrating:
A.
social control.
B.
upward mobility.
C.
class warfare.
D.
status consistency.
E.
structural mobility.
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