Your brother is very impressed with his 4-year-old daughter's development, particularly in emotional regulation. He asks your opinion about his observations and you tell him that her advances in development are likely due to ____.

Yvette was diagnosed with Lyme disease and is having difficulty with balance, walking a straight line, and simple motor movements. Which of the following areas of her brain would you suspect is being affected by the disease and causing the above mentioned symptoms?

Your roommate and you are discussing your early childhoods. She is getting very frustrated because she cannot remember anything that happened to her before about age 2. She remembers stories that her parents told her about when she was younger, but she does not actually remember those memories herself. What would you tell her? The inability to remember anything prior to age 2 is common and is referred to as ____.

Gross motor skills are to ____ as fine motor skills are to ____.

You are visiting your sister who has 4-year-old twins. They ask if they can have some milk and you are pouring it for them. One glass that you chose was tall and thin and the other was short and wide. After you poured the milk your niece is very unhappy because you gave "more" milk to your nephew. You actually gave each of them the same amount, but your niece and nephew lack the mental ability to ____.

Which of the following best describes a child, in Piagetian terms, who is centered?

You just came back from class in which the topic was egocentrism in the preoperational stage. You have a 4-year-old and thought that you would see if what you learned was accurate. You are sitting directly across from her and ask her to look at the front and back cover of her favorite book. After she did this you asked her to describe "the part of the book I am looking at." What does she tell you?

Having received a new bike for his birthday, Grant tells his mother that the bike needs to come inside the house at night because it might get lonely in the garage by itself. Grant's rationale for why his bike needs to come inside the house is best explained by Piaget's concept of ____.

According to Piaget, children begin using their new cognitive skills as they acquire them, and many times these new cognitive skills can be witnessed during play. What would be an example of children using symbolic functioning during play?

Your neighbor has a 4-year-old son who is driving her crazy. He is constantly asking "Why?" about everything. She knew that children asked questions, but she was surprised to learn how frequently the question arose and that her answers seemed to only lead to another "Why?" According to Piaget, her son has developed a more complex way of thinking. Which of Piaget's substages would you tell her that her son is probably in?

What is one of the criticisms that other cognitive theorists and researchers have regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development during the preoperational stage?

Which of the following theorists proposed that children learn not through their individual interactions with the environment but through social process of guided by participation?

Which of the following are cited by the author as factors that contribute to the quality of preschool?

The broad consensus among early childhood scholars is that preschool teaching should be based on ____.

Which of the following best describes the concept of a sensitive period for language learning?

Phrases like "please," "thank you," and "bye-bye" are examples of ____.

  

Your brother has a daughter in early childhood who has an excessive degree of self-regulation. He is not quite sure if he should be happy, since she very rarely has any difficulties, or if he should be concerned. What would you tell him?

When boys insist on doing things that are "boy's things" and avoid doing things that "girls do," what is happening?

Demandingness is also known as ____, and responsiveness is also known as ____.

Coach Paige has clear guidelines and rules for his players. He wants them to try their hardest to give 100% all the time. But, Coach Paige also cares for his players and tends to understand each player's individual needs. Which of the following best describes Coach Paige's coaching style?

A drill sergeant who expects his or her subordinates to follow commands without questioning their authority is more similar to which of the following parenting styles?

Permissive parenting style is characteristic of ____.

What parenting style is associated with the most favorable outcomes for children?

The relationship between parents and children tends to be complex, and parenting style alone is not the end-all and be-all of answers. It is known that parents have a significant effect on their children, but children also have an effect on their parents; this relationship between parent and child is also known as ____.

Filial piety ____.

_____ is a parental practice in which shame and the withdrawal of love are used to control the behaviors of children.

There are interesting cultural differences in the use of physical punishment during early childhood. For African American children, the more physical punishment they received during early childhood the ____.

Numerous studies have determined that boys play in what ways in their play groups? They engage in ____.

Numerous studies have determined that girls play in what ways in their play groups? They engage in ____.

____ involves using aggressive behaviors to get an item that is wanted, whereas ____ is aggressive behavior that is intended to inflict pain or harm to another person.

What type of aggression involves damaging another person's reputation among peers through exclusion and malicious gossip?

Your nephew has always had a difficult personality. He is now in early childhood and is very aggressive in most things that he does. Your sister is very concerned and asked you what your thoughts are. You tell her that ____.

As soon as Grant started to play patty-cake with his classmate Emma, he was teased and ridiculed by the boys in the class. Grant quickly learned that patty-cake is a form of play that is reserved for girls and not boys. Grant's process of learning the roles of "maleness" and "femaleness" is ____.

In the story presented in the textbook regarding a little boy and his father who were in a terrible automobile accident, the father died, but the boy was rushed to the hospital. As the boy was rushed into surgery, the doctor looked down at him and said, "I cannot operate on this boy, he is my son!" Many people find this story puzzling because they assume the doctor is male. This story represents what concept?

Myopia is more likely to occur in _____ as it is positively correlated with _____.

Internationally, children ages 6 to 10 are considered to be ____ if their BMI exceeds 18 and ____ if their BMI exceeds 21.

In the U.S., rates of overweight and obesity are higher in ____.

Your roommate believes that overweight children are happy children. What is the truth about this myth?

Your brother was an All-American baseball shortstop. His 8-year-old son is not nearly as good at catching a baseball as your brother would like. He was hoping that your nephew would also be interested in and good at baseball. Although you think that your brother should support his son's interests rather than have your nephew pursue what your brother wants him to do, what can you tell your brother about his son's athletic abilities?

Ashton is shown two round balls of clay equal in size. He watches as the experimenter rolls one ball into a long sausage shape and asks which of the shapes has more clay. If Ashton is in Piaget's preoperational stage he will reply, ____.

Piaget's cognitive task where individuals can take more than one aspect of a problem into account is ____.

If Julia is taller than Anna and Anna is taller than Lynn, then Julia must be taller than Lynn. According to Piaget, what concept does this question illustrate?

Your sister-in-law is amazed at her 9-year-old son. She can remember when her son was not able to sit and listen to a story for very long and now he is able to listen intently and remember the story in very good detail. What two advances occur during middle childhood in information processing abilities that assist with his newly developed abilities?

Children with especially notable difficulties in maintaining attention may be diagnosed with ____, which includes problems of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.

Your neighbor is a 36-year-old male who has struggled with ADHD his entire life. His wife is pregnant and ultrasound has determined that they are going to have a boy. He is very concerned that his son might have ADHD too. What would you tell him?

How are the brains of children who have ADHD different than the brains of children who do not have ADHD? The brains of children with ADHD ____.

You are talking to your mother and she is telling you about a neighbor who has a daughter with ADHD. She tells you that the neighbor is extremely upset because her daughter's pediatrician has suggested medication to treat her ADHD. She thinks that is very unusual and thinks that there might be something else wrong with her daughter that the pediatrician is not telling her. What would you tell your mother to tell the neighbor?

Your daughter borrowed $4.73 from you while you were shopping so she could purchase a doll that she didn't have enough money for. When you get home, you tell your daughter how much she owes you so that she can pay you back. She keeps repeating 4, 7, 3 over and over as she walks to her room to get the money. What memory strategy is she using?

Another reason that memory improves from early childhood to middle childhood is that children's ____.

IQ scores for a population-based sample usually fall into a ____ or ____ curve, in which most people fall near the middle and the proportions decrease at the low and high extremes.

In terms of intellectual development, one important conclusion from adoption and twin studies is that the more two people in a family are alike genetically, ____.

Every child has a genetically based ____ for intelligence, meaning a range of possible developmental paths.

The Flynn effect, which is the raising of the median IQ score in Western countries in the course of the 20th century, is explained by ____.

In Gardner's view, only two types of intelligence are measured by traditional intelligence tests: ____.

Morris is an engineer. He has always been especially skilled at looking at a two-dimensional blueprint of a building and visualizing that image as it relates into a three-dimensional structure in the real world. According to Gardner, Morris possesses ____.

Great inventors such as Leonardo da Vinci, Benjamin Franklin, and Alexander Graham Bell all possess which of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

Ms. Silman proposes that children learn how to read best when they are taught to examine the overall meaning of words, rather than breaking down each word into its smallest component. She encourages her students to guess at the meaning of words they do not know, based on the context of the word within the poem or story. Which of the following does Ms. Silman practice in her classroom?

For the most part, becoming bilingual is ____ to language development and learning a secondary language ____ with mastering the primary language.

Assume that you have a friend who is bilingual and is contemplating whether or not to teach her child both English and Spanish. Based on the research, which of the following should be your response?

Outbursts of crying and anger are fairly ____ in the early years of life; by middle childhood the frequency of such emotions has ____.

  

Your son, who is in middle childhood, made it to the next round of the annual spelling bee even though his best friend who studied with him did not. What is his likely response?

You told your parents that your 8-year-old son really wants a particular video game for his birthday. When he opens their gift you realize that they must have forgotten because they gave him a new pair of sneakers instead. Based on what you know of emotional regulation in middle childhood, what is your son's likely response?

You are impressed with the social development of your son, who is in middle childhood. The way that he describes his positive and less strong attributes is noticeably different than the way he discussed himself when he was in early childhood. What is a likely comment that your son would say at this time?

What is the term that is used to describe how persons view themselves in relation to others with regard to status, abilities, or achievements?

Which of the following statements is an accurate portrayal of a 10-year-old social comparison?

For middle childhood, overall self-esteem is ____ for most children, reflecting generally ____ emotional states.

Children who display impulsive or unruly behavior and experience high conflict with others are showing ____.

Caleb's parents are in the process of divorce. Every so often he will get into arguments with his mom where he in turn responds more harshly than he normally would because of the added stress. As an individual in middle childhood, Caleb does not understand what his mother is going through, but responds with greater resistance and more defiant behaviors. From both Caleb's and his mother's perspective their battle continues to escalate. Which of the following best describes the scenario?

Your brother just remarried a woman who has been divorced for a year. He is now the stepfather of three children ranging in ages from 2 to 7 years. He is trying to do his best and support his new wife with parenting duties and to show her children that he cares for them. He called last night and was very upset. He found a picture that his oldest stepchild drew and it did not include him. What would you tell him?

Salima is in 2nd grade, does well in school, plays youth soccer, attends a Catholic church, and gets along with others. Based upon selective association principles, Salima will most likely be friends with ____.

Your 10-year-old daughter and her best friend just ended their nearly four-year-long friendship. Your daughter will not tell you why. Thinking about middle childhood from your development class, what is probably the reason?

Age is a key determinant of ________, in that older children tend to have more authority than younger children.

Researchers have described four categories of social status. Which children were the ones who were the most often "disliked" and rarely "liked"?

Miriam is in 2nd grade. When her classmates are asked who she is they have difficulty remembering her and find it hard describing her. She is neither liked nor disliked by her classmates, but for the most part, goes unnoticed. From the four categories of social status, Miriam would fall into the category of ____.

Your nephew is extremely intelligent. Your family jokes with him that he is a giant nerd not just because he is very intelligent, but because he also likes to learn and studies quite a bit. He has great social skills and enjoys the joking around. What would you guess about his popularity at school?

The prevalence of bullying ____through middle childhood and ____ in early adolescence, then ____ substantially by late adolescence.

Victims of bullying are most often ____ children who are ____ and ____.

When divorce occurs in early childhood, children blame themselves. What about middle childhood? Children in middle childhood ____.