Philosophy 1330 - Ethics » Summer 2021 » Quiz 4 Moral Theories
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Question #1
Contractarianism originated as a __________ theory.
A.
political
B.
sociological
C.
philosophical
D.
psychological
Question #2
Contractarianism states that actions are morally right if and only if
A.
they do not violate anyone’s rights.
B.
they do not violate any agreements.
C.
they are permitted by rules that free, equal, and rational people would agree to live by.
D.
everyone agrees that they are right.
Question #3
A prisoner’sdilemma is a situation in which
A.
all people benefit if all people pursue their short-term interests.
B.
there is no possible action that does not break the law.
C.
every possible course of action ends up harming everyone.
D.
all people benefit if all people refrain from pursuing their short-term interests.
Question #4
The founder of modern contractarianism is
A.
John Stuart Mill.
B.
Aristotle.
C.
Thomas Hobbes.
D.
Immanuel Kant.
Question #5
The purpose of Rawls’s “veil of ignorance” is to
A.
prevent people from invading one another’s privacy.
B.
ensure that the choices of the contractors are fair.
C.
prevent the immoral behavior that often results from higher education.
D.
remind us of how much we don’t know.
Question #6
For Hobbes, a well-ordered society is one in which
A.
there is no government.
B.
there are reliable threats against breaking mutually beneficial rules.
C.
no one ever breaks one’s agreements.
D.
all of the laws are easy to understand.
Question #7
Some contractarians believe that we all have a duty to obey the law because
A.
we have explicitly consented to do so.
B.
doing so is commanded by God.
C.
we have tacitly consented to do so.
D.
doing so maximizes overall utility.
Question #8
To be self-interested is to
A.
be unconcerned with the well-being of others.
B.
have a strong concern for how well you are faring in life.
C.
be selfish.
D.
be selfish, be unconcerned with the well-being of others, and have a strong concern for how well you are faring in life.
Question #9
According to virtue ethics, the fundamental moral question is:
A.
What would benefit me most?
B.
What kind of person should I be?
C.
What kinds of things are intrinsically good?
D.
What is the right thing to do?
Question #10
In the West, virtue ethics traces its origins back to
A.
Aristotle.
B.
Immanuel Kant.
C.
John Stuart Mill.
D.
W. D. Ross.
Question #11
According to virtue ethics, actions are right just because
A.
they benefit everyone and harm no one.
B.
there are good reasons to perform them.
C.
they would be performed by a virtuous person.
D.
there are good reasons to perform them, they benefit everyone and harm no one, and they would be performed by a virtuous person.
Question #12
According to virtue ethics, emotions
A.
are irrelevant to morality.
B.
would be entirely absent from a virtuous person.
C.
tend to make us violate our duties.
D.
play a crucial role in moral understanding.
Question #13
Aristotle believed that virtue
A.
must be acquired through training.
B.
is inborn.
C.
must be acquired through training and is guaranteed to make us happy.
D.
is guaranteed to make us happy.
Question #14
Throughout most of history, Western philosophers have often
A.
made false and damaging claims about women, ignored female perspectives on ethical issues, and discounted the philosophical interest of women’s experiences.
B.
ignored female perspectives on ethical issues.
C.
made false and damaging claims about women
D.
discounted the philosophical interest of women’s experiences.
Question #15
Feminist ethics claims that
A.
the experiences of women are vital to a full understanding of morality.
B.
men and women should always be treated the same, the experiences of women are vital to a full understanding of morality, and there are no innate differences between men and women.
C.
there are no innate differences between men and women.
D.
men and women should always be treated the same.
Question #16
Which feature of the moral life is highlighted by feminist ethics?
A.
the importance of vulnerability
B.
the importance of dependence and connectedness to others
C.
the importance of vulnerability, the importance of not having control over important aspects of one’s life, and the importance of dependence and connectedness to others
D.
the importance of not having control over important aspects of one’s life
Question #17
The moral theory that takes the mother/child relationship as a basis for ethics is known as
A.
the ethic of care.
B.
maternalism.
C.
ethical pluralism.
D.
the ethic of procreation.
Question #18
Carol Gilligan claimed that
A.
all women share a common approach to morality.
B.
women tend to respond to moral conflict differently from men.
C.
men tend to be more morally developed than women.
D.
women are innately more compassionate than men.
Question #19
According to Aristotle, the ultimate good is
A.
virtue.
B.
eudaimonia.
C.
pleasure.
D.
continence.
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