A.   political

B.   sociological

C.   philosophical

D.   psychological

A.   everyone agrees that they are right.

B.   they are permitted by rules that free, equal, and rational people would agree to live by.

C.   they do not violate any agreements.

D.   they do not violate anyone’s rights.

A.   every possible course of action ends up harming everyone.

B.   all people benefit if all people refrain from pursuing their short-term interests.

C.   all people benefit if all people pursue their short-term interests.

D.   there is no possible action that does not break the law.

A.   Immanuel Kant.

B.   John Stuart Mill.

C.   Thomas Hobbes.

D.   Aristotle.

A.   ensure that the choices of the contractors are fair.

B.   prevent the immoral behavior that often results from higher education.

C.   prevent people from invading one another’s privacy.

D.   remind us of how much we don’t know.

A.   there are reliable threats against breaking mutually beneficial rules.

B.   all of the laws are easy to understand.

C.   there is no government.

D.   no one ever breaks one’s agreements.

A.   we have tacitly consented to do so.

B.   doing so maximizes overall utility.

C.   doing so is commanded by God.

D.   we have explicitly consented to do so.

A.   be unconcerned with the well-being of others.

B.   have a strong concern for how well you are faring in life.

C.   be selfish.

D.   be selfish, be unconcerned with the well-being of others, and have a strong concern for how well you are faring in life.

A.   What would benefit me most?

B.   What kinds of things are intrinsically good?

C.   What is the right thing to do?

D.   What kind of person should I be?

A.   Aristotle.

B.   Immanuel Kant.

C.   W. D. Ross.

D.   John Stuart Mill.

A.   they benefit everyone and harm no one.

B.   they would be performed by a virtuous person.

C.   there are good reasons to perform them.

D.   there are good reasons to perform them, they benefit everyone and harm no one, and they would be performed by a virtuous person.

A.   play a crucial role in moral understanding.

B.   tend to make us violate our duties.

C.   would be entirely absent from a virtuous person.

D.   are irrelevant to morality.

A.   is guaranteed to make us happy.

B.   is inborn.

C.   must be acquired through training and is guaranteed to make us happy.

D.   must be acquired through training.

A.   ignored female perspectives on ethical issues.

B.   discounted the philosophical interest of women’s experiences.

C.   made false and damaging claims about women, ignored female perspectives on ethical issues, and discounted the philosophical interest of women’s experiences.

D.   made false and damaging claims about women

A.   men and women should always be treated the same, the experiences of women are vital to a full understanding of morality, and there are no innate differences between men and women.

B.   men and women should always be treated the same.

C.   there are no innate differences between men and women.

D.   the experiences of women are vital to a full understanding of morality.

A.   the importance of vulnerability

B.   the importance of vulnerability, the importance of not having control over important aspects of one’s life, and the importance of dependence and connectedness to others

C.   the importance of not having control over important aspects of one’s life

D.   the importance of dependence and connectedness to others

A.   the ethic of procreation.

B.   maternalism.

C.   ethical pluralism.

D.   the ethic of care.

A.   men tend to be more morally developed than women.

B.   women tend to respond to moral conflict differently from men.

C.   all women share a common approach to morality.

D.   women are innately more compassionate than men.

A.   pleasure.

B.   eudaimonia.

C.   continence.

D.   virtue.