A.   philosophical

B.   political

C.   sociological

D.   psychological

A.   everyone agrees that they are right.

B.   they do not violate anyone’s rights.

C.   they do not violate any agreements.

D.   they are permitted by rules that free, equal, and rational people would agree to live by.

A.   all people benefit if all people refrain from pursuing their short-term interests.

B.   there is no possible action that does not break the law.

C.   every possible course of action ends up harming everyone.

D.   all people benefit if all people pursue their short-term interests.

A.   John Stuart Mill.

B.   Immanuel Kant.

C.   Aristotle.

D.   Thomas Hobbes.

A.   ensure that the choices of the contractors are fair.

B.   prevent people from invading one another’s privacy.

C.   prevent the immoral behavior that often results from higher education.

D.   remind us of how much we don’t know.

A.   all of the laws are easy to understand.

B.   there are reliable threats against breaking mutually beneficial rules.

C.   no one ever breaks one’s agreements.

D.   there is no government.

A.   doing so maximizes overall utility.

B.   we have tacitly consented to do so.

C.   doing so is commanded by God.

D.   we have explicitly consented to do so.

A.   be unconcerned with the well-being of others.

B.   be selfish.

C.   be selfish, be unconcerned with the well-being of others, and have a strong concern for how well you are faring in life.

D.   have a strong concern for how well you are faring in life.

A.   What kind of person should I be?

B.   What kinds of things are intrinsically good?

C.   What is the right thing to do?

D.   What would benefit me most?

A.   John Stuart Mill.

B.   Immanuel Kant.

C.   W. D. Ross.

D.   Aristotle.

A.   there are good reasons to perform them.

B.   they benefit everyone and harm no one.

C.   there are good reasons to perform them, they benefit everyone and harm no one, and they would be performed by a virtuous person.

D.   they would be performed by a virtuous person.

A.   are irrelevant to morality.

B.   tend to make us violate our duties.

C.   play a crucial role in moral understanding.

D.   would be entirely absent from a virtuous person.

A.   is guaranteed to make us happy.

B.   must be acquired through training and is guaranteed to make us happy.

C.   must be acquired through training.

D.   is inborn.

A.   made false and damaging claims about women

B.   discounted the philosophical interest of women’s experiences.

C.   made false and damaging claims about women, ignored female perspectives on ethical issues, and discounted the philosophical interest of women’s experiences.

D.   ignored female perspectives on ethical issues.

A.   there are no innate differences between men and women.

B.   the experiences of women are vital to a full understanding of morality.

C.   men and women should always be treated the same, the experiences of women are vital to a full understanding of morality, and there are no innate differences between men and women.

D.   men and women should always be treated the same.

A.   the importance of not having control over important aspects of one’s life

B.   the importance of dependence and connectedness to others

C.   the importance of vulnerability

D.   the importance of vulnerability, the importance of not having control over important aspects of one’s life, and the importance of dependence and connectedness to others

A.   ethical pluralism.

B.   maternalism.

C.   the ethic of care.

D.   the ethic of procreation.

A.   women tend to respond to moral conflict differently from men.

B.   men tend to be more morally developed than women.

C.   all women share a common approach to morality.

D.   women are innately more compassionate than men.

A.   virtue.

B.   pleasure.

C.   eudaimonia.

D.   continence.