A.   psychological

B.   political

C.   sociological

D.   philosophical

A.   they do not violate any agreements.

B.   they are permitted by rules that free, equal, and rational people would agree to live by.

C.   they do not violate anyone’s rights.

D.   everyone agrees that they are right.

A.   every possible course of action ends up harming everyone.

B.   all people benefit if all people pursue their short-term interests.

C.   all people benefit if all people refrain from pursuing their short-term interests.

D.   there is no possible action that does not break the law.

A.   Aristotle.

B.   Thomas Hobbes.

C.   Immanuel Kant.

D.   John Stuart Mill.

A.   prevent people from invading one another’s privacy.

B.   ensure that the choices of the contractors are fair.

C.   prevent the immoral behavior that often results from higher education.

D.   remind us of how much we don’t know.

A.   no one ever breaks one’s agreements.

B.   all of the laws are easy to understand.

C.   there are reliable threats against breaking mutually beneficial rules.

D.   there is no government.

A.   we have explicitly consented to do so.

B.   doing so is commanded by God.

C.   we have tacitly consented to do so.

D.   doing so maximizes overall utility.

A.   be selfish, be unconcerned with the well-being of others, and have a strong concern for how well you are faring in life.

B.   have a strong concern for how well you are faring in life.

C.   be selfish.

D.   be unconcerned with the well-being of others.

A.   What kind of person should I be?

B.   What is the right thing to do?

C.   What would benefit me most?

D.   What kinds of things are intrinsically good?

A.   John Stuart Mill.

B.   Immanuel Kant.

C.   W. D. Ross.

D.   Aristotle.

A.   they benefit everyone and harm no one.

B.   they would be performed by a virtuous person.

C.   there are good reasons to perform them.

D.   there are good reasons to perform them, they benefit everyone and harm no one, and they would be performed by a virtuous person.

A.   play a crucial role in moral understanding.

B.   are irrelevant to morality.

C.   would be entirely absent from a virtuous person.

D.   tend to make us violate our duties.

A.   is guaranteed to make us happy.

B.   must be acquired through training and is guaranteed to make us happy.

C.   must be acquired through training.

D.   is inborn.

A.   made false and damaging claims about women, ignored female perspectives on ethical issues, and discounted the philosophical interest of women’s experiences.

B.   made false and damaging claims about women

C.   discounted the philosophical interest of women’s experiences.

D.   ignored female perspectives on ethical issues.

A.   men and women should always be treated the same, the experiences of women are vital to a full understanding of morality, and there are no innate differences between men and women.

B.   men and women should always be treated the same.

C.   there are no innate differences between men and women.

D.   the experiences of women are vital to a full understanding of morality.

A.   the importance of dependence and connectedness to others

B.   the importance of not having control over important aspects of one’s life

C.   the importance of vulnerability, the importance of not having control over important aspects of one’s life, and the importance of dependence and connectedness to others

D.   the importance of vulnerability

A.   the ethic of procreation.

B.   ethical pluralism.

C.   maternalism.

D.   the ethic of care.

A.   men tend to be more morally developed than women.

B.   women tend to respond to moral conflict differently from men.

C.   all women share a common approach to morality.

D.   women are innately more compassionate than men.

A.   continence.

B.   eudaimonia.

C.   pleasure.

D.   virtue.