Chem 40005 - Clinical Chemistry » Summer 2021 » Module 3 Quiz

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Question #1
In a precipitin reaction, an excess of antigen over an antibody will lead to
A.   a lack of reaction between an antibody and antigen, and no precipitate.
B.   cross-linking of antigen and an antibody with maximal precipitate formation.
C.   all antibody sites bound by antigen with no formation of precipitate.
D.   all antigen sites bound with an antibody and no precipitate formation.
Question #2
What is the function of the vacuum system in a mass spectrometer?
A.   To keep ions from colliding during interactions with the magnetic or electric fields
B.   To produce an ion from a neutral atom or molecule in the initial step
C.   To detect, identify, and quantify ion mass in a compound
D.   To separate the negative ions from the positive ions with a magnetic field
Question #3
Using whole blood as the specimen of choice in an automated analytical system
A.   essentially eliminates specimen preparation time.
B.   allows for the avoidance of carry-over.
C.   keeps the specimen from undergoing degradation.
D.   allows the operator to use a secondary tube for analysis.
Question #4
In the thin-layer chromatography procedure for drug screening, the retention factor (Rf) value for a compound is given by the
A.   ratio of distance moved by the unknown solute to distance moved by the solvent in the mobile phase.
B.   measurement in centimeters of the distance the solute moved in the mobile phase from the point of application.
C.   rate of movement of the mobile phase through the adsorbent compared with standards and controls.
D.   distance moved by the mobile phase front from the point of application compared with a control.
Question #5
A measure of peak separation in a chromatographic method that equals the difference in retention time for two components divided by the average of their peak widths is the definition of
A.   retention factor.
B.   derivatization.
C.   resolution.
D.   affinity.
Question #6
In a mass spectrometer, the ion with the highest abundance in the mass spectrum that is assigned a relative abundance of 100% is referred to as the
A.   ionic chromatogram.
B.   ion trap.
C.   base peak.
D.   time-of-flight ion.
Question #7
An antibody that has very strong affinity to a single antigenic epitope is referred to as a(n) _____ antibody.
A.   monoclonal
B.   affinity-purified
C.   polyclonal
D.   multiclonal
Question #8
Some analytes must be derivatized to increase their column retention or detectability. Derivatization means
A.   adding fluorescent labels or combining the analyte with chiral reagents or other chemicals to increase detectability.
B.   altering the chemical structure of the analyte to increase detection and specificity.
C.   using multiple detectors to assist in identification.
D.   removing dissolved gases in the solvent to produce a clear chromatogram.
Question #9
In a mass spectrometer, ion detection is typically accomplished through the use of an electron multiplier. This involves
A.   collection of the ion current directly.
B.   a densitometer that measures ion effluent and produces a “peak” of activity visible on a computer monitor.
C.   a chain of dynodes that “multiplies” the number of electrons to provide a detectable signal.
D.   four parallel electrically conductive rods arranged in a square array that increases electron number.
Question #10
The type of automated analyzer in which the operator is able to use in-house reagents or reagents purchased from suppliers different from the analyzer's manufacturer is referred to as a(n)
A.   closed analyzer system.
B.   open analyzer system.
C.   discrete analyzer.
D.   random-access analyzer.
Question #11
Because of the ability to identify and quantify proteins in a complex mixture, mass spectrometry combined with separation methods is an excellent analytical tool used specifically in the field of
A.   genomic research.
B.   trace metal analysis.
C.   inborn errors of metabolism.
D.   proteomics.
Question #12
In regard to mass spectrometry, what is a molecular ion?
A.   It is the unfragmented ion of the original molecule being studied.
B.   It is the sum of all ions produced displayed as a function of time.
C.   It is the ion with the highest abundance in the mass spectrum of a compound.
D.   It is a component of a compound in solution.
Question #13
A substance that cannot elicit an immune response alone but that must be conjugated to a carrier molecule to cause antibody production is referred to as a(n)
A.   conjugate.
B.   hapten.
C.   immunogen.
D.   antigen.
Question #14
The substance that is typically injected into an animal to elicit an immune response and induce formation of an antibody is the
A.   immunogen.
B.   enzyme.
C.   antibody.
D.   immunochemical label.
Question #15
The type of separation mechanism for chromatography that involves, as one example, use of immunologic principles is _____ chromatography.
A.   ion exchange
B.   adsorption
C.   affinity
D.   partition
Question #16
You are preparing placental tissue for separation and isolation of a specific enzyme. The enzyme has a negative charge, so you want to use chromatography to perform your task. Which one of the following chromatographic separation mechanisms would be most useful?
A.   Affinity
B.   Ion-exchange
C.   Partition
D.   Adsorption
Question #17
The most significant improvement in the quality of laboratory test results can be attributed to the ability of automation to
A.   reduce sample volumes and laboratory involvement.
B.   reduce error and variability caused by manual manipulation.
C.   increase work capacity.
D.   reduce costs.
Question #18
In partition chromatography, separation is based on
A.   hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
B.   the ability of one component immobilized on a stationary phase to capture specific molecules in the mobile phase.
C.   the differences in the relative solubility of compounds between the stationary and mobile phases.
D.   the molecular size of solutes in a solution and the size of the pores on the beads.
Question #19
The component of an immunoglobulin molecule that determines the antigenic specificity of that antibody is the
A.   light chain.
B.   epitope.
C.   sequence at the amino terminal end of the heavy and light chains.
D.   disulfide bond linkage between the heavy and light chains.
Question #20
You would like to offer a service to the researchers in your institution for identification and quantitative analysis of proteins produced by microorganisms in liquid media using your HPLC-mass spectrometer system. Which one of the ionization techniques is best suited for this analysis?
A.   Electrospray
B.   Chemical
C.   Any of these would work with HPLC-MS.
D.   Electron

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