Chem 40005 - Clinical Chemistry » Summer 2021 » Module 3 Quiz
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Question #1
In a precipitin reaction, an excess of antigen over an antibody will lead to
A.
all antigen sites bound with an antibody and no precipitate formation.
B.
cross-linking of antigen and an antibody with maximal precipitate formation.
C.
all antibody sites bound by antigen with no formation of precipitate.
D.
a lack of reaction between an antibody and antigen, and no precipitate.
Question #2
What is the function of the vacuum system in a mass spectrometer?
A.
To detect, identify, and quantify ion mass in a compound
B.
To keep ions from colliding during interactions with the magnetic or electric fields
C.
To produce an ion from a neutral atom or molecule in the initial step
D.
To separate the negative ions from the positive ions with a magnetic field
Question #3
Using whole blood as the specimen of choice in an automated analytical system
A.
allows the operator to use a secondary tube for analysis.
B.
allows for the avoidance of carry-over.
C.
keeps the specimen from undergoing degradation.
D.
essentially eliminates specimen preparation time.
Question #4
In the thin-layer chromatography procedure for drug screening, the retention factor (Rf) value for a compound is given by the
A.
rate of movement of the mobile phase through the adsorbent compared with standards and controls.
B.
distance moved by the mobile phase front from the point of application compared with a control.
C.
ratio of distance moved by the unknown solute to distance moved by the solvent in the mobile phase.
D.
measurement in centimeters of the distance the solute moved in the mobile phase from the point of application.
Question #5
A measure of peak separation in a chromatographic method that equals the difference in retention time for two components divided by the average of their peak widths is the definition of
A.
affinity.
B.
retention factor.
C.
resolution.
D.
derivatization.
Question #6
In a mass spectrometer, the ion with the highest abundance in the mass spectrum that is assigned a relative abundance of 100% is referred to as the
A.
base peak.
B.
ion trap.
C.
ionic chromatogram.
D.
time-of-flight ion.
Question #7
An antibody that has very strong affinity to a single antigenic epitope is referred to as a(n) _____ antibody.
A.
affinity-purified
B.
polyclonal
C.
multiclonal
D.
monoclonal
Question #8
Some analytes must be derivatized to increase their column retention or detectability. Derivatization means
A.
removing dissolved gases in the solvent to produce a clear chromatogram.
B.
adding fluorescent labels or combining the analyte with chiral reagents or other chemicals to increase detectability.
C.
altering the chemical structure of the analyte to increase detection and specificity.
D.
using multiple detectors to assist in identification.
Question #9
In a mass spectrometer, ion detection is typically accomplished through the use of an electron multiplier. This involves
A.
a chain of dynodes that “multiplies” the number of electrons to provide a detectable signal.
B.
a densitometer that measures ion effluent and produces a “peak” of activity visible on a computer monitor.
C.
four parallel electrically conductive rods arranged in a square array that increases electron number.
D.
collection of the ion current directly.
Question #10
The type of automated analyzer in which the operator is able to use in-house reagents or reagents purchased from suppliers different from the analyzer's manufacturer is referred to as a(n)
A.
closed analyzer system.
B.
discrete analyzer.
C.
open analyzer system.
D.
random-access analyzer.
Question #11
Because of the ability to identify and quantify proteins in a complex mixture, mass spectrometry combined with separation methods is an excellent analytical tool used specifically in the field of
A.
proteomics.
B.
inborn errors of metabolism.
C.
trace metal analysis.
D.
genomic research.
Question #12
In regard to mass spectrometry, what is a molecular ion?
A.
It is the sum of all ions produced displayed as a function of time.
B.
It is a component of a compound in solution.
C.
It is the unfragmented ion of the original molecule being studied.
D.
It is the ion with the highest abundance in the mass spectrum of a compound.
Question #13
A substance that cannot elicit an immune response alone but that must be conjugated to a carrier molecule to cause antibody production is referred to as a(n)
A.
hapten.
B.
antigen.
C.
immunogen.
D.
conjugate.
Question #14
The substance that is typically injected into an animal to elicit an immune response and induce formation of an antibody is the
A.
immunochemical label.
B.
enzyme.
C.
antibody.
D.
immunogen.
Question #15
The type of separation mechanism for chromatography that involves, as one example, use of immunologic principles is _____ chromatography.
A.
affinity
B.
partition
C.
ion exchange
D.
adsorption
Question #16
You are preparing placental tissue for separation and isolation of a specific enzyme. The enzyme has a negative charge, so you want to use chromatography to perform your task. Which one of the following chromatographic separation mechanisms would be most useful?
A.
Partition
B.
Ion-exchange
C.
Adsorption
D.
Affinity
Question #17
The most significant improvement in the quality of laboratory test results can be attributed to the ability of automation to
A.
reduce costs.
B.
reduce error and variability caused by manual manipulation.
C.
increase work capacity.
D.
reduce sample volumes and laboratory involvement.
Question #18
In partition chromatography, separation is based on
A.
the differences in the relative solubility of compounds between the stationary and mobile phases.
B.
the molecular size of solutes in a solution and the size of the pores on the beads.
C.
the ability of one component immobilized on a stationary phase to capture specific molecules in the mobile phase.
D.
hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
Question #19
The component of an immunoglobulin molecule that determines the antigenic specificity of that antibody is the
A.
epitope.
B.
light chain.
C.
disulfide bond linkage between the heavy and light chains.
D.
sequence at the amino terminal end of the heavy and light chains.
Question #20
You would like to offer a service to the researchers in your institution for identification and quantitative analysis of proteins produced by microorganisms in liquid media using your HPLC-mass spectrometer system. Which one of the ionization techniques is best suited for this analysis?
A.
Electron
B.
Chemical
C.
Electrospray
D.
Any of these would work with HPLC-MS.
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