Compared to other types of mining methods, the environmental impacts of surface mining are usually greater due to the larger surface disturbance footprint.

_____ is a method used to extract the oil and gas from shale and other unconventional tight resources. In this method, high pressure injections of water, sand grains, and added chemicals are pumped underground, creating and holding open fractures in the rocks, which aids in the release of the hard-to-access fluids, i.e. oil and natural gas.

Which mineral deposits involves magmatic processes?

What types of deposits are generally Precambrian in age, formed as the Earth's atmosphere was becoming oxygenated, and are found as interbedded layers of iron-rich oxide minerals, chert, and shale beds.