With respect to pubertal development, the most important estrogen is _________ and the most important androgen is _______.

Two kinds of changes take place in the body in response to increased sex hormones during puberty. What characteristic is directly related to reproduction?

____ describes a female's first menstruation, whereas ____ describes a male's first ejaculation of sperm.

____ describes a steady decrease in the average age of menarche in Western countries over the past 150 years.

In regards to the timing of the onset of puberty, which of the following is more at risk for a depressed mood, negative body image, eating disorders, substance use, delinquency, aggressive behavior, and school problems?

Your 17-year-old son didn't start showing signs of puberty until recently, and still looks like he is 14 years old. What challenges do you face as a parent of a late-maturing male?

____ are culturally based markers that signify an individual's departure from childhood and his or her entrance into adolescence.

Due to globalization, many cultural groups have minimized their use of puberty rituals for boys; however, in Africa the ritual of ____ is still maintained.

About ____ of eating disorders occur among females. Most cases of eating disorders have their onset among females in their ____.

When Rachel looks into a mirror she sees a fat person. However, she is extremely thin for her height, weighing less than 85% of normal. She has an intense fear of gaining weight and has not experienced a menstrual cycle in the last four months. Knowing diagnostic criteria, one can assume that Rachel might manifest which of the following disorders?

Ramon engages in discrete periods of binge eating and he feels as if he cannot control himself. After each binge episode his guilt is extremely high and he feels compelled to exercise relentlessly. Typically, after a binge episode, he will spend two hours at the gym and another hour running. Knowing diagnostic criteria, one can assume that Ramon might manifest ____.

Your parents just found illegal substances in your younger brother's backpack. He is a good student and does well in sports. He told your parents that he has not used the drugs yet and was only interested in trying them. Considering what you learned in your developmental course, how likely is this?

Your roommate's younger brother just broke up with his girlfriend who he has been dating for three years, and has been upset about it. When your roommate went home to visit she noticed her brother was using substances. She was surprised since he never did before. What is happening? He is likely ____.

_____ is the use of a substance once or perhaps a few times out of curiosity and then not using it again, whereas ____ is the use of substances during social activities with one or more friends.

What Piagetian stage involves the development of hypothetical-deductive reasoning?

As described by Piaget, the child who solves the pendulum task and can explain their rationale is closer to ____ stage of cognitive development.

What is the name of memory strategies that adolescents use more frequently than younger children that involves organizing information into coherent patterns?

Beyond the development of mnemonic devices and a greater capacity for selective attention, adolescents' long-term memory is also enhanced by ____.

Your 14-year-old nephew just walked in the door from school and told you that he is not going to go back to school. You ask why and he tells you that everyone laughed at him because he dropped his tray full of food as he sitting down during lunch. Although you tried to help, he was inconsolable. Why? Your nephew was experiencing what David Elkind regarded as ____.

Your younger brother's best friend is a huge risk-taker. Even though he is 15 years old, he has already exhibited some very dangerous behaviors. One of his favorite activities is to run across a highway in the early evening when there is quite a bit of traffic. What concept helps to explain this risky behavior?

Which of the following best describes the overall conclusion of research that used the Experience Sampling Method to measure the emotional state of adolescence in the United States?

The overall conclusion of several longitudinal studies shows that self-esteem slightly ____ in early adolescence, then slightly ____ through late adolescence and emerging adulthood.

Your 15-year-old cousin exaggerates his performance in nearly every story that he tells. He claims to be a better athlete than he is, a better musician than he is, and much more popular than he actually is. To what type of self is he referring?

Why does self-esteem rise in late adolescence and emerging adulthood?

Girls tend to use physical appearance when determining their global self-esteem. Since girls tend to view their physical appearance ____.

Kohlberg viewed moral development as based on ____.

Which of the following best describes Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral reasoning?

You and your roommate are having a discussion about divorce. You both believe there is no ethical reason for someone who is unhappy in his or her marriage not to seek a divorce —that the individual's interests are the most important thing to consider. Since you are both emerging adults, Jensen would argue that you probably use what worldview to determine ethical behavior?

What are five characteristics that distinguish emerging adulthood from other age periods?

What is one explanation for the dramatic rise in the typical ages of entering marriage and parenthood today in developing countries?

Which of the following best captures the characteristics of the age of identity explorations?

The time period of emerging adulthood is more likely to be a part of ____, and absent in ____.

In the United States and Europe the most important criteria is for becoming an adult is ____, whereas in Asia it is ____.

Your 20-year-old brother and your father are playing a game that requires quick responses and your brother is consistently winning. Why? Your brother ____.

In the United States which of the following groups have the highest rates of automobile accidents, injuries, and fatalities of any age group?

Which of the following individuals are more likely to drive at excess speeds, follow too closely to other vehicles, violate traffic signs and signals, and take more risks while driving a motorized vehicle?

Consuming five or more drinks in a row for men, and four in a row for women, is known as ____.

Osgood and others have found that there is a relationship between risk behavior such as crime and dangerous driving and ____.

According to Gisela Labouvie-Vief, adolescents and many young adults are confined to formal operations and do not possess postformal operational thought because they ____.

Which of the following best describes pragmatism as a component of postformal operational thought?

Nellie is a teenager who would like to believe that abortion is wrong and should not be tolerated in any situation. However, she also knows that if the fetus has no chance of survival and the mother's life is in jeopardy, this may be a situation in which an abortion is justified. She does not believe that one particular stance is correct for all situations but that each situation must be evaluated independently. Which of the following best describes Nellie's cognitive pattern?

Before entering college Grant was very stringent in his beliefs. Many of life's issues were clear-cut and could be explained with one definitive answer. However, throughout the years, Grant has noticed that he is better able to see other perspectives and find many sides to one argument. He is now at a place where he can recognize the legitimacy of competing points of view and compare their merits. Which of the following postformal operational terms best describes Grant's cognitive perspective?

Which of the following would be considered tertiary education?

Your uncle and aunt are pretty unhappy with your cousin, who is taking six years to complete an undergraduate degree. What can you tell your aunt and uncle that would help your cousin? The average time to complete an undergraduate degree in the United States is ____.

Compared to those who do not attend college, emerging adults who obtain tertiary education tend to have considerably ____.

Compared to childhood, self-esteem ____ during adolescence, then ____ during emerging adulthood.

In Erikson's theory each stage of life has a central crisis. What is the central crisis for adolescents?

Jacob has been pressured by his father to take over the family farm. Reluctantly, Jacob has agreed to this identity status because that is what is best for his parents. He has not explored his options but has passively accepted the identity his father imposed on him. From James Marcia's model, which of the following identity statuses can Jacob's be categorized as?

Your roommate is from an urban area in Mexico. Culturally, she has a very strong commitment to her family. To stay in contact with her family she uses Facebook and her cell phone to talk and to text. In terms of identity, she has a ____.

Joe believes that females cannot be pilots and opposes the military's use of women in combat. It is his belief that females are not strong enough, emotionally and physically, to perform the duties that are required to fly fighter jets. Joe's belief that women are weak is ____.

Your 22-year-old sister was horrified to learn that she contracted an STI that could potentially increase her risk of infertility. What are two STIs she could have?