Anthropology 001 - Introduction to Physical Anthropology » Summer 2021 » Midterm Exam 1

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Question #1
What can be learned from studying a population through time?
A.   We can learn that consuming the wrong foods over time does little to population health.
B.   We can learn that human physiology does not change through time.
C.   We can learn that lifestyles do not change over time.
D.   We can learn that diets, and therefore human biology, change through time.
Question #2
What increased early humans’ chances of hunting success?
A.   Hunting was always well planned, often using a diagram.
B.   Hunting strategies were developed to include other animals as bait.
C.   Females led hunting, but all adults were involved.
D.   Hunting was conducted with stone tools and cooperative strategies.
Question #3
Human production of stone or stone tools is an example of
A.   linguistic comprehension.
B.   material culture.
C.   subsistence strategies.
D.   ideology.
Question #4
Forensic anthropologists
A.   study skeletal remains from past human populations.
B.   study the evolution of human skeletal traits.
C.   focus their work on skeletal analysis of individuals.
D.   focus their skeletal analysis on early hominins.
Question #5
Which of the following key attributes of human uniqueness developed during the past 10,000 to 11,000 years?
A.   dependence on domesticated food
B.   bipedalism
C.   complex material culture
D.   nonhoning chewing
Question #6
What is a hypothesis?
A.   a testable statement that could potentially explain specific phenomena observed in the natural world
B.   a synonym for theory
C.   a statement unable to be refuted by future investigations
D.   a statement that concerns scientific facts assumed to be true
Question #7
Darwin’s theory of evolution proposes that
A.   individuals determine their own biological adaptations.
B.   species adapt based on individual goals.
C.   an individual can change within its own lifetime.
D.   species adapt and change over time based on the environment.
Question #8
The relevance of uniformitarianism is that it
A.   requires the assumption that any geological process observed today worked the same way in the past.
B.   supports the theory of catastrophism.
C.   provides the primary evidence that the earth is 4.4 billion years old.
D.   proves that most changes to Earth were caused by earthquakes and floods.
Question #9
Which scientist is known for developing a system of taxonomy, including a method of giving each organism two names, such as Homo sapiens for humans?
A.   Georges Cuvier
B.   Carolus Linnaeus
C.   John Ray
D.   Robert Hooke
Question #10
The lower frequency of sickle cell anemia among present-day Americans of West African ancestry as compared to people living in West Africa is attributed to
A.   gene flow.
B.   new mutations.
C.   genetic drift.
D.   natural selection.
Question #11
According to Linnaean taxonomy, what is the MOST specific category and level shared by humans, gorillas, and howler monkeys (from the New World)?
A.   parvorder Catarrhini
B.   superfamily Hominoidea
C.   infraorder Anthropoidea
D.   suborder Haplorhini
Question #12
An endemic species, such as the finches of the Galápagos, is
A.   subject to increased rates of genetic mutation.
B.   a locally extinct species.
C.   native to a particular region.
D.   invasive to a particular region or habitat.
Question #13
mtDNA is found ________ and is ________.
A.   outside of the cell’s nucleus; passed on from the father to all his offspring
B.   in the cell’s “powerhouse”; passed on from the mother to all her offspring
C.   in prokaryotic cells; found only in females
D.   in the nucleus; inherited from mother to daughter only
Question #14
The number of different chromosomes in a plant or animal
A.   varies between body cells (e.g., liver cells have more than intestinal cells).
B.   is the same in every cell with a nucleus; it is homoplasmic.
C.   reduces over the animal’s lifetime, causing aging.
D.   determines how evolved the organism is (potatoes have only five, but camels have seventy).
Question #15
Haplotypes are a group of alleles that
A.   does not pass on for many generations.
B.   is not likely to recombine during crossovers.
C.   is likely to recombine during crossovers.
D.   comes from one parent only.
Question #16
How is mitosis different from meiosis?
A.   Mitosis involves one DNA replication followed by two cell divisions.
B.   Mitosis ultimately results in a reduced number of chromosomes.
C.   Mitosis results in identical copies of the parent cell.
D.   Mitosis results in haploid cells.
Question #17
Most cells in the human body contain a nucleus,
A.   containing exactly one half of the organism’s DNA.
B.   but each has a different set of DNA.
C.   each containing a full copy of the organism’s DNA.
D.   but the nuclear DNA itself is inactive in all but the reproductive cells.
Question #18
During which process is the number of chromosomes reduced?
A.   mitosis
B.   translation
C.   meiosis
D.   recombination
Question #19
The decrease in hominin tooth size over time is an example of which pattern of natural selection?
A.   stabilizing
B.   disruptive
C.   directional
D.   balancing
Question #20
What effect does natural selection have on variation within a population?
A.   It does not affect variation.
B.   It both increases and decreases variation.
C.   It decreases variation.
D.   It increases variation.
Question #21
An individual who displays the disease sickle cell anemia must have inherited the deleterious allele from both phenotypically normal parents. This individual is therefore
A.   homozygous with two recessive alleles.
B.   haplozygous.
C.   heterozygous, with one dominant and one recessive allele.
D.   homozygous with two dominant alleles.
Question #22
The physical location of a gene within the genome is called the
A.   locus.
B.   nucleus.
C.   address.
D.   chromosome.
Question #23
In certain species of nonhuman primates there are groups where only one dominant female has access to mates. The other females must wait until the opportunity to mate presents itself. This will have direct impact on “fitness,” influencing which of the following?
A.   reproductive success
B.   strength
C.   age at death
D.   aggressiveness

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