Chem 40005 - Clinical Chemistry » Summer 2021 » Module 5 Quiz

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Question #1
What is the classic test to determine a diagnosis of hypoglycemia?
A.   Assessment of fasting blood glucose during a hypoglycemic episode
B.   Oral glucose tolerance test
C.   Postprandial glucose analysis
D.   A 72-hour fast
Question #2
The breakdown of glycogen stores in the liver to increase serum glucose is referred to as
A.   glycogenolysis.
B.   glycolysis.
C.   gluconeogenesis.
D.   glycogenesis.
Question #3
Conversion of glucose into lactate or pyruvate is referred to as
A.   glycogenesis.
B.   glycogenolysis.
C.   glycolysis.
D.   glyconeogenesis.
Question #4
By what mechanism does glucagon promote hyperglycemia?
A.   Glucagon inhibits glycogenesis.
B.   Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis.
C.   Glucagon inhibits gluconeogenesis.
D.   Glucagon stimulates insulin release.
Question #5
The major storage carbohydrate in animals is _____, which is located most abundantly in _____.
A.   glycogen; the liver
B.   starch; skeletal muscle
C.   glycoprotein; cell membranes
D.   cellulose; vegetable fibers
Question #6
The glucose assay on an analyzer uses hexokinase as the enzyme that phosphorylates glucose. What are the initial products formed from the first step of this reaction?
A.   Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and NADH
B.   6-Phosphogluconate and hydrogen ions
C.   Glucose-6-phosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
D.   Glycosylated hemoglobin
Question #7
Which one of the following coupled-enzyme glucose methods requires extended incubation time to allow for the spontaneous conversion of the α-form of glucose to the β-form so that both forms can react with the initial enzyme in the reaction?
A.   Self-monitoring method
B.   Polarographic method
C.   Hexokinase method
D.   Glucose oxidase method
Question #8
Why would high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) be an indicator of potential coronary heart disease (CHD)?
A.   CRP levels rise because of its presence in cardiac muscle and release upon muscle cell death.
B.   It is an enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle and is released upon tissue injury.
C.   It is an acute phase reactant plasma protein that rises in response to inflammation, which has been demonstrated to be associated with risk of future CHD.
D.   It is a myocardial protein that regulates muscle contraction through interaction with myosin and actin.
Question #9
Which one of the following lipid metabolic pathways involves the removal of excess cellular cholesterol from cells and returning it to the liver for excretion?
A.   Endogenous
B.   Intracellular-cholesterol transport
C.   Exogenous
D.   Reverse-cholesterol transport
Question #10
A 46-year-old man visits his physician complaining of fatigue and chest pains. His family history reveals that his father and grandfather both died of heart attacks at the age of 50. Laboratory results indicated elevated total cholesterol, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and normal triglyceride. He is eventually diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. What is the likely cause?
A.   Insulin deficiency
B.   Tangier disease
C.   Genetic lack of LDL receptors on cell surfaces
D.   Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
Question #11
The difference between traditional HDL cholesterol assays and the direct homogeneous assay is that
A.   precipitation of non-HDL lipoproteins must occur using polyanions.
B.   measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption occurs before removal of non-HDL lipoproteins.
C.   enzymatic measurement of HDL occurs after non-HDL lipoproteins are removed by ultracentrifugation.
D.   there is no physical separation of HDL from the non-HDL fractions and HDL is selectively measured.
Question #12
The class of lipid that is derived from fatty acids and that alters blood pressure by its action on arterial smooth muscle cells is
A.   prostaglandins.
B.   terpenes.
C.   sphingolipids.
D.   acylglycerols.
Question #13
Cholesterol is esterified to form a cholesteryl ester by acylcholesterol acyltransferase in the cell. In the circulation, cholesteryl esters are formed by the action of which one of the following enzymes?
A.   Cholesterol oxidase
B.   HMG CoA reductase
C.   Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase
D.   Fatty acid hydrolase
Question #14
What distinguishes lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), from LDL?
A.   Lp(a) contains more core lipids, triglyceride, and cholesteryl ester and a smaller percent of protein.
B.   Lp(a) interacts with ABCA1 in peripheral cells, such as the macrophages, to remove additional cholesterol.
C.   Lp(a) does not contain any apo B-100.
D.   Lp(a) contains a carbohydrate-rich protein called apo(a) that is covalently bound to apo B-100 through a disulfide linkage.
Question #15
The PO2 at which the hemoglobin of the blood is half saturated with O2 is referred to as
A.   P50 is defined as the PO2 at which the hemoglobin of the blood is half saturated with O2.
B.   oxygen dissociation.
C.   P50.
D.   oxygen saturation.
E.   the half-life of oxygen.
Question #16
Osmolality is defined as the number of _____ of solution.
A.   moles of osmotic substances per kilogram
B.   equivalents per liter
C.   moles per liter
D.   moles of osmotic substances per liter
Question #17
The high extracellular concentration of which cation contributes to the osmotic strength of extracellular fluid?
A.   Chloride
B.   Sodium
C.   Bicarbonate
Question #18
Uptake of O2 by the blood in the lungs is controlled primarily by
A.   the amount of total CO2 bound to hemoglobin.
B.   the hemoglobin binding capacity of blood.
C.   the PO2 of alveolar air.
Question #19
An increase in blood pH with a concomitant decrease in PCO2 and a decreased body temperature and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate will cause the oxygen dissociation curve to
A.   shift to the left.
B.   remain unchanged.
C.   shift to the right.
Question #20
The “electrolyte exclusion effect” is
A.   an overestimation of electrolyte concentration by direct ISE measurements only when serum is used.
B.   the exclusion of certain solids by increased activity of electrolytes when determining concentration of those solids.
C.   an underestimation of electrolyte concentration by indirect ISE methods when hyperproteinemia or hyperlipemia is present.
D.   the exclusion of electrolytes in certain measurements when pH, PCO2, and PO2 are elevated in arterial blood.

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