Chem 40005 - Clinical Chemistry » Summer 2021 » Module 5 Quiz

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Question #1
What is the classic test to determine a diagnosis of hypoglycemia?
A.   Postprandial glucose analysis
B.   Assessment of fasting blood glucose during a hypoglycemic episode
C.   Oral glucose tolerance test
D.   A 72-hour fast
Question #2
The breakdown of glycogen stores in the liver to increase serum glucose is referred to as
A.   glycogenolysis.
B.   glycogenesis.
C.   glycolysis.
D.   gluconeogenesis.
Question #3
Conversion of glucose into lactate or pyruvate is referred to as
A.   glycogenolysis.
B.   glycogenesis.
C.   glycolysis.
D.   glyconeogenesis.
Question #4
By what mechanism does glucagon promote hyperglycemia?
A.   Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis.
B.   Glucagon inhibits glycogenesis.
C.   Glucagon inhibits gluconeogenesis.
D.   Glucagon stimulates insulin release.
Question #5
The major storage carbohydrate in animals is _____, which is located most abundantly in _____.
A.   glycoprotein; cell membranes
B.   starch; skeletal muscle
C.   glycogen; the liver
D.   cellulose; vegetable fibers
Question #6
The glucose assay on an analyzer uses hexokinase as the enzyme that phosphorylates glucose. What are the initial products formed from the first step of this reaction?
A.   6-Phosphogluconate and hydrogen ions
B.   Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and NADH
C.   Glycosylated hemoglobin
D.   Glucose-6-phosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Question #7
Which one of the following coupled-enzyme glucose methods requires extended incubation time to allow for the spontaneous conversion of the α-form of glucose to the β-form so that both forms can react with the initial enzyme in the reaction?
A.   Glucose oxidase method
B.   Polarographic method
C.   Hexokinase method
D.   Self-monitoring method
Question #8
Why would high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) be an indicator of potential coronary heart disease (CHD)?
A.   It is a myocardial protein that regulates muscle contraction through interaction with myosin and actin.
B.   It is an enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle and is released upon tissue injury.
C.   It is an acute phase reactant plasma protein that rises in response to inflammation, which has been demonstrated to be associated with risk of future CHD.
D.   CRP levels rise because of its presence in cardiac muscle and release upon muscle cell death.
Question #9
Which one of the following lipid metabolic pathways involves the removal of excess cellular cholesterol from cells and returning it to the liver for excretion?
A.   Endogenous
B.   Reverse-cholesterol transport
C.   Exogenous
D.   Intracellular-cholesterol transport
Question #10
A 46-year-old man visits his physician complaining of fatigue and chest pains. His family history reveals that his father and grandfather both died of heart attacks at the age of 50. Laboratory results indicated elevated total cholesterol, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and normal triglyceride. He is eventually diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. What is the likely cause?
A.   Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
B.   Insulin deficiency
C.   Tangier disease
D.   Genetic lack of LDL receptors on cell surfaces
Question #11
The difference between traditional HDL cholesterol assays and the direct homogeneous assay is that
A.   enzymatic measurement of HDL occurs after non-HDL lipoproteins are removed by ultracentrifugation.
B.   precipitation of non-HDL lipoproteins must occur using polyanions.
C.   there is no physical separation of HDL from the non-HDL fractions and HDL is selectively measured.
D.   measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption occurs before removal of non-HDL lipoproteins.
Question #12
The class of lipid that is derived from fatty acids and that alters blood pressure by its action on arterial smooth muscle cells is
A.   acylglycerols.
B.   prostaglandins.
C.   sphingolipids.
D.   terpenes.
Question #13
Cholesterol is esterified to form a cholesteryl ester by acylcholesterol acyltransferase in the cell. In the circulation, cholesteryl esters are formed by the action of which one of the following enzymes?
A.   Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase
B.   HMG CoA reductase
C.   Fatty acid hydrolase
D.   Cholesterol oxidase
Question #14
What distinguishes lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), from LDL?
A.   Lp(a) contains a carbohydrate-rich protein called apo(a) that is covalently bound to apo B-100 through a disulfide linkage.
B.   Lp(a) interacts with ABCA1 in peripheral cells, such as the macrophages, to remove additional cholesterol.
C.   Lp(a) contains more core lipids, triglyceride, and cholesteryl ester and a smaller percent of protein.
D.   Lp(a) does not contain any apo B-100.
Question #15
The PO2 at which the hemoglobin of the blood is half saturated with O2 is referred to as
A.   the half-life of oxygen.
B.   oxygen dissociation.
C.   P50 is defined as the PO2 at which the hemoglobin of the blood is half saturated with O2.
D.   P50.
E.   oxygen saturation.
Question #16
Osmolality is defined as the number of _____ of solution.
A.   moles of osmotic substances per kilogram
B.   moles of osmotic substances per liter
C.   moles per liter
D.   equivalents per liter
Question #17
The high extracellular concentration of which cation contributes to the osmotic strength of extracellular fluid?
A.   Bicarbonate
B.   Chloride
C.   Sodium
Question #18
Uptake of O2 by the blood in the lungs is controlled primarily by
A.   the PO2 of alveolar air.
B.   the amount of total CO2 bound to hemoglobin.
C.   the hemoglobin binding capacity of blood.
Question #19
An increase in blood pH with a concomitant decrease in PCO2 and a decreased body temperature and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate will cause the oxygen dissociation curve to
A.   shift to the right.
B.   shift to the left.
C.   remain unchanged.
Question #20
The “electrolyte exclusion effect” is
A.   an overestimation of electrolyte concentration by direct ISE measurements only when serum is used.
B.   the exclusion of certain solids by increased activity of electrolytes when determining concentration of those solids.
C.   the exclusion of electrolytes in certain measurements when pH, PCO2, and PO2 are elevated in arterial blood.
D.   an underestimation of electrolyte concentration by indirect ISE methods when hyperproteinemia or hyperlipemia is present.

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