Chem 40005 - Clinical Chemistry » Summer 2021 » Module 5 Quiz

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Question #1
What is the classic test to determine a diagnosis of hypoglycemia?
A.   A 72-hour fast
B.   Postprandial glucose analysis
C.   Assessment of fasting blood glucose during a hypoglycemic episode
D.   Oral glucose tolerance test
Question #2
The breakdown of glycogen stores in the liver to increase serum glucose is referred to as
A.   glycogenolysis.
B.   glycolysis.
C.   glycogenesis.
D.   gluconeogenesis.
Question #3
Conversion of glucose into lactate or pyruvate is referred to as
A.   glycogenesis.
B.   glycogenolysis.
C.   glyconeogenesis.
D.   glycolysis.
Question #4
By what mechanism does glucagon promote hyperglycemia?
A.   Glucagon stimulates insulin release.
B.   Glucagon inhibits gluconeogenesis.
C.   Glucagon inhibits glycogenesis.
D.   Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis.
Question #5
The major storage carbohydrate in animals is _____, which is located most abundantly in _____.
A.   glycoprotein; cell membranes
B.   glycogen; the liver
C.   cellulose; vegetable fibers
D.   starch; skeletal muscle
Question #6
The glucose assay on an analyzer uses hexokinase as the enzyme that phosphorylates glucose. What are the initial products formed from the first step of this reaction?
A.   6-Phosphogluconate and hydrogen ions
B.   Glucose-6-phosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
C.   Glycosylated hemoglobin
D.   Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and NADH
Question #7
Which one of the following coupled-enzyme glucose methods requires extended incubation time to allow for the spontaneous conversion of the α-form of glucose to the β-form so that both forms can react with the initial enzyme in the reaction?
A.   Self-monitoring method
B.   Glucose oxidase method
C.   Hexokinase method
D.   Polarographic method
Question #8
Why would high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) be an indicator of potential coronary heart disease (CHD)?
A.   It is a myocardial protein that regulates muscle contraction through interaction with myosin and actin.
B.   CRP levels rise because of its presence in cardiac muscle and release upon muscle cell death.
C.   It is an acute phase reactant plasma protein that rises in response to inflammation, which has been demonstrated to be associated with risk of future CHD.
D.   It is an enzyme found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle and is released upon tissue injury.
Question #9
Which one of the following lipid metabolic pathways involves the removal of excess cellular cholesterol from cells and returning it to the liver for excretion?
A.   Reverse-cholesterol transport
B.   Intracellular-cholesterol transport
C.   Exogenous
D.   Endogenous
Question #10
A 46-year-old man visits his physician complaining of fatigue and chest pains. His family history reveals that his father and grandfather both died of heart attacks at the age of 50. Laboratory results indicated elevated total cholesterol, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and normal triglyceride. He is eventually diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. What is the likely cause?
A.   Insulin deficiency
B.   Genetic lack of LDL receptors on cell surfaces
C.   Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
D.   Tangier disease
Question #11
The difference between traditional HDL cholesterol assays and the direct homogeneous assay is that
A.   there is no physical separation of HDL from the non-HDL fractions and HDL is selectively measured.
B.   enzymatic measurement of HDL occurs after non-HDL lipoproteins are removed by ultracentrifugation.
C.   precipitation of non-HDL lipoproteins must occur using polyanions.
D.   measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption occurs before removal of non-HDL lipoproteins.
Question #12
The class of lipid that is derived from fatty acids and that alters blood pressure by its action on arterial smooth muscle cells is
A.   sphingolipids.
B.   acylglycerols.
C.   terpenes.
D.   prostaglandins.
Question #13
Cholesterol is esterified to form a cholesteryl ester by acylcholesterol acyltransferase in the cell. In the circulation, cholesteryl esters are formed by the action of which one of the following enzymes?
A.   Fatty acid hydrolase
B.   Cholesterol oxidase
C.   Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase
D.   HMG CoA reductase
Question #14
What distinguishes lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), from LDL?
A.   Lp(a) does not contain any apo B-100.
B.   Lp(a) interacts with ABCA1 in peripheral cells, such as the macrophages, to remove additional cholesterol.
C.   Lp(a) contains a carbohydrate-rich protein called apo(a) that is covalently bound to apo B-100 through a disulfide linkage.
D.   Lp(a) contains more core lipids, triglyceride, and cholesteryl ester and a smaller percent of protein.
Question #15
The PO2 at which the hemoglobin of the blood is half saturated with O2 is referred to as
A.   oxygen dissociation.
B.   the half-life of oxygen.
C.   P50 is defined as the PO2 at which the hemoglobin of the blood is half saturated with O2.
D.   oxygen saturation.
E.   P50.
Question #16
Osmolality is defined as the number of _____ of solution.
A.   equivalents per liter
B.   moles of osmotic substances per kilogram
C.   moles of osmotic substances per liter
D.   moles per liter
Question #17
The high extracellular concentration of which cation contributes to the osmotic strength of extracellular fluid?
A.   Chloride
B.   Bicarbonate
C.   Sodium
Question #18
Uptake of O2 by the blood in the lungs is controlled primarily by
A.   the amount of total CO2 bound to hemoglobin.
B.   the PO2 of alveolar air.
C.   the hemoglobin binding capacity of blood.
Question #19
An increase in blood pH with a concomitant decrease in PCO2 and a decreased body temperature and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate will cause the oxygen dissociation curve to
A.   remain unchanged.
B.   shift to the right.
C.   shift to the left.
Question #20
The “electrolyte exclusion effect” is
A.   an underestimation of electrolyte concentration by indirect ISE methods when hyperproteinemia or hyperlipemia is present.
B.   an overestimation of electrolyte concentration by direct ISE measurements only when serum is used.
C.   the exclusion of electrolytes in certain measurements when pH, PCO2, and PO2 are elevated in arterial blood.
D.   the exclusion of certain solids by increased activity of electrolytes when determining concentration of those solids.

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