Bio 2010 - Microbiology » Summer 2021 » Chapter 16 Quiz (B)

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Question #1
Once an individual becomes exposed to a pathogen, the body's immune system responds faster against a second exposure to the same pathogen. Why does this occur?
A.   Innate defenses are strengthened
B.   Pathogens are changed so they are no longer harmful
C.   Stimulated memory cells quickly engulf pathogens
D.   The proper antibodies are constantly circulating in the blood
E.   Specific lymphocytes and quickly produce the proper antibodies
Question #2
Cytotoxic T cells kill target cells __________.
A.   by secreting antibodies.
B.   by phagocytosis.
C.   by  injecting tumor necrosis factor
D.   by releasing oxidizing agents.
E.   by releasing perforin "cytokine storms" through the target's plasma membrane.
Question #3
The hypervariable region of an antibody is very important to the antibody's overall function. Specifically, how is an antibody's hypervariable regions beneficial?
A.   they prevent complement activation
B.   it allows the antibody to mutate and change its binding sites
C.   it prevents neutralizaion
D.   it triggers intrinsic apoptosis
Question #4
Which immune system response could best be characterized as adaptive?
A.   A phagocyte engulfs and destroys bacteria, dead cells, and other potentially harmful particles that it encounters
B.   In the inflammatory response, mast cells produce histamine to facilitate the travel of immune cells and plasma to the afflicted area
C.   The epithelium of the skin blocks most pathogens from ever entering the body
D.   After the first exposure to an antigen, memory B-lymphocytes are produced to recognize the same antigen upon a second exposure
Question #5
All of the following are possible ways to neutralize a virus, EXCEPT:
A.   during entry using receptor mediated endocytosis
B.   before uncoating occurs
C.   after the virus leaves the host cell
D.   just prior to attachement
E.   during translation at the ribosome
Question #6
What type of cell creates free antibodies that then circulate in the bloodstream?
A.   Plasma cells
B.   Cytotoxic T-cells
C.   Memory B-cells
D.   Monocytes
E.   Helper T-cells
Question #7
Some immune cells produce proteins that punch holes into the plasma membrane of a target cell. This process is called _______________ .
A.   external apoptosis
B.   intrinsic apoptosis
C.   neutralization
D.   inflammation
E.   opsonization
Question #8
Which statement below is characteristic of a secondary humoral response?
A.   It triggers fever.
B.   It results in fewer memory cells.
C.   It results in less antibody secretion.
D.   It occurs ONLY in the spleen.
E.   It occurs much more rapidly than the primary response.
Question #9
Which cell is responsible for stimulating differentiation of B-lymphocytes into specialized plasma cells?
A.   Cytotoxic T-cells
B.   Antibodies
C.   Helper T-cells
D.   Memory B-cells
Question #10
A mother and her newborn infant have fairly identical antibodies protecting the newborn as long as he/she nurses from their mom. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for their shared antibodies?
A.   Antibodies produced in the mother’s body are passed to the infant via active immunity through breast milk.
B.   Antibodies produced in the mother’s body are passed to the infant via passive immunity through experiencing the same environment.
C.   Antibodies produced in the mother’s body are passed to the infant via passive immunity through breast milk.
D.   Antibodies produced in the infant’s body are passed to the mother via active immunity through the placenta.

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