Bio 2010 - Microbiology » Summer 2021 » Chapter 16 Quiz (B)

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Question #1
Once an individual becomes exposed to a pathogen, the body's immune system responds faster against a second exposure to the same pathogen. Why does this occur?
A.   The proper antibodies are constantly circulating in the blood
B.   Specific lymphocytes and quickly produce the proper antibodies
C.   Stimulated memory cells quickly engulf pathogens
D.   Pathogens are changed so they are no longer harmful
E.   Innate defenses are strengthened
Question #2
Cytotoxic T cells kill target cells __________.
A.   by releasing perforin "cytokine storms" through the target's plasma membrane.
B.   by  injecting tumor necrosis factor
C.   by secreting antibodies.
D.   by phagocytosis.
E.   by releasing oxidizing agents.
Question #3
The hypervariable region of an antibody is very important to the antibody's overall function. Specifically, how is an antibody's hypervariable regions beneficial?
A.   it allows the antibody to mutate and change its binding sites
B.   it triggers intrinsic apoptosis
C.   they prevent complement activation
D.   it prevents neutralizaion
Question #4
Which immune system response could best be characterized as adaptive?
A.   A phagocyte engulfs and destroys bacteria, dead cells, and other potentially harmful particles that it encounters
B.   After the first exposure to an antigen, memory B-lymphocytes are produced to recognize the same antigen upon a second exposure
C.   In the inflammatory response, mast cells produce histamine to facilitate the travel of immune cells and plasma to the afflicted area
D.   The epithelium of the skin blocks most pathogens from ever entering the body
Question #5
All of the following are possible ways to neutralize a virus, EXCEPT:
A.   during entry using receptor mediated endocytosis
B.   before uncoating occurs
C.   during translation at the ribosome
D.   after the virus leaves the host cell
E.   just prior to attachement
Question #6
What type of cell creates free antibodies that then circulate in the bloodstream?
A.   Helper T-cells
B.   Plasma cells
C.   Memory B-cells
D.   Cytotoxic T-cells
E.   Monocytes
Question #7
Some immune cells produce proteins that punch holes into the plasma membrane of a target cell. This process is called _______________ .
A.   intrinsic apoptosis
B.   opsonization
C.   neutralization
D.   external apoptosis
E.   inflammation
Question #8
Which statement below is characteristic of a secondary humoral response?
A.   It results in fewer memory cells.
B.   It occurs much more rapidly than the primary response.
C.   It results in less antibody secretion.
D.   It occurs ONLY in the spleen.
E.   It triggers fever.
Question #9
Which cell is responsible for stimulating differentiation of B-lymphocytes into specialized plasma cells?
A.   Cytotoxic T-cells
B.   Helper T-cells
C.   Antibodies
D.   Memory B-cells
Question #10
A mother and her newborn infant have fairly identical antibodies protecting the newborn as long as he/she nurses from their mom. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for their shared antibodies?
A.   Antibodies produced in the infant’s body are passed to the mother via active immunity through the placenta.
B.   Antibodies produced in the mother’s body are passed to the infant via active immunity through breast milk.
C.   Antibodies produced in the mother’s body are passed to the infant via passive immunity through experiencing the same environment.
D.   Antibodies produced in the mother’s body are passed to the infant via passive immunity through breast milk.

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