Psychology 382 - Principles of Human Factors » Fall 2021 » Exam 1
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Question #1
What is the Human Factors mantra?
A.
Know thy user, and you are not thy user
B.
Common sense is not so common
C.
Know thy user, and you are the user
D.
Honor thy self, you are not the user
E.
Honor thy self, you are the user
Question #2
Which statement best describes the field of Human Factors?
A.
Human factors engineering is a different discipline compared to human factors psychology
B.
Human factors engineering is a discipline that considers common sense to allow humans to adapt to products and processes.
C.
Human Factors involves the engineering of humans
D.
Human factors engineering is a discipline that considers the cognitive, physical, and organizational influences on human behavior to improve human interaction with products and processes.
E.
Human factors engineering is a discipline that considers the clinical, physical, and organizational influences on human behavior to allow humans to adapt to products and processes.
Question #3
What are the goals of Human Factors psychology?
A.
Improve the Id, Ego, and Superego
B.
Improve business profits, product costs, and development time
C.
Improve user safety, performance, and satisfaction
D.
Improve system reliability, cost, and reduce complaints
Question #4
Which field of study is most related to Human Factors?
A.
Counseling Psychology
B.
Clinical Psychology
C.
Community Psychology
D.
Cognitive Psychology
E.
Critical Psychology
Question #5
What does HFES (founded in 1957) stand for?
A.
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
B.
Human Factors and Experimental Subjects
C.
Human Factors and Economic Studies
Question #6
What are the 3 components of the human factors design cycle?
A.
Create > Release > Adapt
B.
Evaporate > Condensate > Precipitate
C.
Understand > Create > Evaluate
D.
Evaluate > Adapt > Release
E.
Hub > Spoke > Rim
Question #7
What is 'human error' a symptom of?
A.
Good humans
B.
Poor humans
C.
Good design
D.
Poor design
E.
Glitches in the neural matrix
Question #8
Why is it best to design with humans in mind from the start?
A.
Utilize levels of processing theory
B.
Saves considerable money and human suffering
C.
Allows human suffering to occur early while costs are low
D.
To utilize the principle of neuroplasticity
Question #9
Why should training and selection be considered only after other HF design interventions?
A.
Training is always included, thus should be assumed to be available
B.
Training is the act, process, or method of one that trains
C.
Training is the least effective method since it forces the person to adapt to technology
D.
Training does not utilize levels of processing theory
Question #10
Why is intuition insufficient for design?
A.
People are always able to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning
B.
Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without recourse to conscious reasoning
C.
People are not always aware of how their minds/bodies operate
Question #11
What does 'Set Phasers on Stun' teach us about error?
A.
Illustrates that solving human error is a hopeless cause
B.
Illustrates that there are often multiple causes to a failure
C.
Illustrates that humans are the primary cause of failure
Question #12
Being first, being best, and being right do not matter - What matters is understanding what your customers want and need.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #13
Which design process is common for high risk complex designs (such as aircraft)?
A.
SCRUM
B.
Plan-Do-Check-Act
C.
Clinical Behavioral Therapy
D.
ISO 14971
E.
Vee Process
Question #14
Which design process is common for making incremental process improvements (such as workplace efficiency)?
A.
Clinical Behavioral Therapy
B.
Testudines model
C.
SCRUM
D.
Vee Process
E.
Plan-Do-Check-Act
Question #15
Which design process is common for iterative software design?
A.
Clinical Behavioral Therapy
B.
Plan-Do-Check-Act
C.
SCRUM
D.
Vee Process
E.
Rinse and repeat
Question #16
Both speed and accuracy are easily obtained using Human Factors methods, thus tradeoffs are un-necessary.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #17
Which method is used to systematically describe human interaction with a system to understand how to match the demands of the system to human capabilities?
A.
Function Allocation
B.
Heuristic Analysis
C.
Information Architecture
D.
Task Analysis
Question #18
Which method is used as an accelerated application of usability principals?
A.
User Specification
B.
Task Analysis
C.
Function Allocation
D.
Heuristic Evaluation
E.
Information Architecture
Question #19
Which answer best describes the role of the '5 whys' for understanding human error?
A.
To simulate toddler tendencies
B.
To cause the research subject to do most of the talking
C.
Tactic to buy time to think of a response
D.
To identify multiple causes of an error
Question #20
A single evaluation method is usually sufficient to provide a complete answer.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #21
Qualitative research methods often utilize which type of inputs?
A.
Interviews
B.
SCRUM
C.
Measurements
D.
PDCA
Question #22
Quantitative research methods often utilize which type of inputs?
A.
SCRUM
B.
Measurements
C.
Vee Process
D.
Interviews
Question #23
Which characteristic best describes formative studies?
A.
Tend to be comprehensive; with large sample sizes
B.
Synonymous with validation studies
C.
Tend to be quick; with small sample sizes
Question #24
Which characteristic best describes summative studies?
A.
Tend to be comprehensive; with large sample sizes
B.
Synonymous with verification studies
C.
Tend to be quick; with small sample sizes
Question #25
When are formative evaluations applied in the development cycle?
A.
After product release
B.
End of the cycle
C.
Early to mid-cycle
Question #26
When are summative evaluations applied in the development cycle?
A.
End of the cycle
B.
After product release
C.
Early to mid-cycle
Question #27
When are In-service evaluation techniques applied?
A.
After product release
B.
End of the cycle
C.
Early to mid-cycle
Question #28
Which method is an alternative to data collection?
A.
Usability Testing
B.
Summative Evaluation
C.
Literature Review
D.
Formative Evaluation
Question #29
Simulated use is a form of which data collection method?
A.
Post-market Survallance
B.
Literature Review
C.
Heuristic Analysis
D.
Usability Testing
Question #30
In an experimental study design, what is an Independent Variable?
A.
Things the experimenter manipulates
B.
Things the experimenter measures
C.
Things the experimenter confounds
D.
Things the experimenter has no control over
Question #31
In an experimental study design, what is the Dependent Variable?
A.
Things the experimenter measures
B.
Things the experimenter has no control over
C.
Things the experimenter manipulates
D.
Things the experimenter confounds
Question #32
Which Dependent Variables are commonly measured in Human Factors studies?
A.
Fatigue, Safety/Use Errors, Workload and Situational Awareness
B.
Workload and Situational Awareness
C.
Cost only
D.
Fatigue only
Question #33
A correlation implies causation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
When determining sample size of a study, what should you do when you expect substantial population variability?
A.
Employ the PDCA cycle
B.
Consider a larger sample size
C.
Increase the number of Independent Variables
D.
Revert to a heuristic analysis
E.
Consider a smaller sample size
Question #35
When determining sample size of a study, what should you do when you expect minimal population variability?
A.
Employ the PDCA cycle
B.
Decrease the number of Independent Variables
C.
Revert to heuristic analysis
D.
Consider a larger sample size
E.
Consider a smaller sample size
Question #36
Ethical concerns are not applicable to Human Factors studies.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #37
A.
Evaluation must be done concurrently with Understanding
B.
Evaluation must be completed before Understanding can begin
C.
Evaluation is synonymous with Understanding
D.
It is both the final step in Evaluation and the first step of the next iteration of Understanding
Question #38
What are the 3 general purposes of 'evaluation'?
A.
Understand how to improve design, diagnose problems, and verify design
B.
Understand user needs, create prototypes, and validate design
C.
Create prototypes, wireframes, and design mock-ups
Question #39
Identify the best method for evaluating early design ideas:
A.
Descriptive study
B.
Formative usability study
C.
Literature review or heuristic analysis
D.
Summative/comprehensive evaluation
Question #40
What general limitation affects all task analysis techniques?
A.
A task analysis is not part of the human factors tool kit
B.
Heuristic analyses use considerable resources to perform
C.
Not all interactions involve performance of a task
D.
Documents only existing behavior
Question #41
What does the story 'Never Cry Wolf' from Set Phasers on Stun (Casey) teach us about psychology?
A.
Alarm fatigue is challenging to overcome
B.
Wolf behavior is a core tenant in human factors psychology
C.
With sophisticated technology, prisoners will never be able to escape
Question #42
How many analysts should be used in a heuristic evaluation?
A.
3 to 10
B.
1 or 2
C.
30 or more
D.
15 to 30
E.
None
Question #43
Identify which example could be a confound in a field test of a vehicle:
A.
Vehicle size and driver age
B.
Vehicle color and driver height
C.
Driver gender and age
D.
Moon phase and crime rate
E.
Driver age and experience
Question #44
How might a design pattern speed up the design of a payment system?
A.
Designers are encouraged to always look for new types of number pads
B.
A conventional number pad (calculator) is not considered a design pattern
C.
Using a conventional number pad utilizes negative training transfer
D.
Using a conventional number pad can present a familiar interaction consistent with other systems.
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