Psychology 382 - Principles of Human Factors » Fall 2021 » Exam 1
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Question #1
What is the Human Factors mantra?
A.
Honor thy self, you are not the user
B.
Honor thy self, you are the user
C.
Know thy user, and you are the user
D.
Common sense is not so common
E.
Know thy user, and you are not thy user
Question #2
Which statement best describes the field of Human Factors?
A.
Human factors engineering is a discipline that considers the cognitive, physical, and organizational influences on human behavior to improve human interaction with products and processes.
B.
Human factors engineering is a discipline that considers common sense to allow humans to adapt to products and processes.
C.
Human Factors involves the engineering of humans
D.
Human factors engineering is a different discipline compared to human factors psychology
E.
Human factors engineering is a discipline that considers the clinical, physical, and organizational influences on human behavior to allow humans to adapt to products and processes.
Question #3
What are the goals of Human Factors psychology?
A.
Improve business profits, product costs, and development time
B.
Improve system reliability, cost, and reduce complaints
C.
Improve the Id, Ego, and Superego
D.
Improve user safety, performance, and satisfaction
Question #4
Which field of study is most related to Human Factors?
A.
Cognitive Psychology
B.
Critical Psychology
C.
Counseling Psychology
D.
Clinical Psychology
E.
Community Psychology
Question #5
What does HFES (founded in 1957) stand for?
A.
Human Factors and Economic Studies
B.
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
C.
Human Factors and Experimental Subjects
Question #6
What are the 3 components of the human factors design cycle?
A.
Create > Release > Adapt
B.
Evaporate > Condensate > Precipitate
C.
Evaluate > Adapt > Release
D.
Hub > Spoke > Rim
E.
Understand > Create > Evaluate
Question #7
What is 'human error' a symptom of?
A.
Poor humans
B.
Poor design
C.
Glitches in the neural matrix
D.
Good design
E.
Good humans
Question #8
Why is it best to design with humans in mind from the start?
A.
Utilize levels of processing theory
B.
Allows human suffering to occur early while costs are low
C.
To utilize the principle of neuroplasticity
D.
Saves considerable money and human suffering
Question #9
Why should training and selection be considered only after other HF design interventions?
A.
Training does not utilize levels of processing theory
B.
Training is always included, thus should be assumed to be available
C.
Training is the least effective method since it forces the person to adapt to technology
D.
Training is the act, process, or method of one that trains
Question #10
Why is intuition insufficient for design?
A.
People are not always aware of how their minds/bodies operate
B.
Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without recourse to conscious reasoning
C.
People are always able to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning
Question #11
What does 'Set Phasers on Stun' teach us about error?
A.
Illustrates that solving human error is a hopeless cause
B.
Illustrates that there are often multiple causes to a failure
C.
Illustrates that humans are the primary cause of failure
Question #12
Being first, being best, and being right do not matter - What matters is understanding what your customers want and need.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #13
Which design process is common for high risk complex designs (such as aircraft)?
A.
Vee Process
B.
SCRUM
C.
Clinical Behavioral Therapy
D.
ISO 14971
E.
Plan-Do-Check-Act
Question #14
Which design process is common for making incremental process improvements (such as workplace efficiency)?
A.
Clinical Behavioral Therapy
B.
Vee Process
C.
Testudines model
D.
SCRUM
E.
Plan-Do-Check-Act
Question #15
Which design process is common for iterative software design?
A.
SCRUM
B.
Vee Process
C.
Rinse and repeat
D.
Clinical Behavioral Therapy
E.
Plan-Do-Check-Act
Question #16
Both speed and accuracy are easily obtained using Human Factors methods, thus tradeoffs are un-necessary.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #17
Which method is used to systematically describe human interaction with a system to understand how to match the demands of the system to human capabilities?
A.
Task Analysis
B.
Information Architecture
C.
Function Allocation
D.
Heuristic Analysis
Question #18
Which method is used as an accelerated application of usability principals?
A.
Information Architecture
B.
Task Analysis
C.
Function Allocation
D.
Heuristic Evaluation
E.
User Specification
Question #19
Which answer best describes the role of the '5 whys' for understanding human error?
A.
To simulate toddler tendencies
B.
To cause the research subject to do most of the talking
C.
Tactic to buy time to think of a response
D.
To identify multiple causes of an error
Question #20
A single evaluation method is usually sufficient to provide a complete answer.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #21
Qualitative research methods often utilize which type of inputs?
A.
Measurements
B.
SCRUM
C.
PDCA
D.
Interviews
Question #22
Quantitative research methods often utilize which type of inputs?
A.
Vee Process
B.
SCRUM
C.
Interviews
D.
Measurements
Question #23
Which characteristic best describes formative studies?
A.
Tend to be quick; with small sample sizes
B.
Synonymous with validation studies
C.
Tend to be comprehensive; with large sample sizes
Question #24
Which characteristic best describes summative studies?
A.
Synonymous with verification studies
B.
Tend to be quick; with small sample sizes
C.
Tend to be comprehensive; with large sample sizes
Question #25
When are formative evaluations applied in the development cycle?
A.
Early to mid-cycle
B.
End of the cycle
C.
After product release
Question #26
When are summative evaluations applied in the development cycle?
A.
After product release
B.
End of the cycle
C.
Early to mid-cycle
Question #27
When are In-service evaluation techniques applied?
A.
After product release
B.
Early to mid-cycle
C.
End of the cycle
Question #28
Which method is an alternative to data collection?
A.
Literature Review
B.
Usability Testing
C.
Summative Evaluation
D.
Formative Evaluation
Question #29
Simulated use is a form of which data collection method?
A.
Heuristic Analysis
B.
Post-market Survallance
C.
Literature Review
D.
Usability Testing
Question #30
In an experimental study design, what is an Independent Variable?
A.
Things the experimenter manipulates
B.
Things the experimenter confounds
C.
Things the experimenter measures
D.
Things the experimenter has no control over
Question #31
In an experimental study design, what is the Dependent Variable?
A.
Things the experimenter measures
B.
Things the experimenter has no control over
C.
Things the experimenter confounds
D.
Things the experimenter manipulates
Question #32
Which Dependent Variables are commonly measured in Human Factors studies?
A.
Fatigue, Safety/Use Errors, Workload and Situational Awareness
B.
Fatigue only
C.
Cost only
D.
Workload and Situational Awareness
Question #33
A correlation implies causation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
When determining sample size of a study, what should you do when you expect substantial population variability?
A.
Consider a smaller sample size
B.
Increase the number of Independent Variables
C.
Employ the PDCA cycle
D.
Consider a larger sample size
E.
Revert to a heuristic analysis
Question #35
When determining sample size of a study, what should you do when you expect minimal population variability?
A.
Consider a smaller sample size
B.
Decrease the number of Independent Variables
C.
Revert to heuristic analysis
D.
Employ the PDCA cycle
E.
Consider a larger sample size
Question #36
Ethical concerns are not applicable to Human Factors studies.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #37
A.
Evaluation is synonymous with Understanding
B.
Evaluation must be done concurrently with Understanding
C.
Evaluation must be completed before Understanding can begin
D.
It is both the final step in Evaluation and the first step of the next iteration of Understanding
Question #38
What are the 3 general purposes of 'evaluation'?
A.
Understand how to improve design, diagnose problems, and verify design
B.
Create prototypes, wireframes, and design mock-ups
C.
Understand user needs, create prototypes, and validate design
Question #39
Identify the best method for evaluating early design ideas:
A.
Formative usability study
B.
Literature review or heuristic analysis
C.
Summative/comprehensive evaluation
D.
Descriptive study
Question #40
What general limitation affects all task analysis techniques?
A.
A task analysis is not part of the human factors tool kit
B.
Not all interactions involve performance of a task
C.
Documents only existing behavior
D.
Heuristic analyses use considerable resources to perform
Question #41
What does the story 'Never Cry Wolf' from Set Phasers on Stun (Casey) teach us about psychology?
A.
With sophisticated technology, prisoners will never be able to escape
B.
Wolf behavior is a core tenant in human factors psychology
C.
Alarm fatigue is challenging to overcome
Question #42
How many analysts should be used in a heuristic evaluation?
A.
3 to 10
B.
30 or more
C.
None
D.
15 to 30
E.
1 or 2
Question #43
Identify which example could be a confound in a field test of a vehicle:
A.
Vehicle size and driver age
B.
Driver age and experience
C.
Moon phase and crime rate
D.
Vehicle color and driver height
E.
Driver gender and age
Question #44
How might a design pattern speed up the design of a payment system?
A.
Using a conventional number pad can present a familiar interaction consistent with other systems.
B.
Designers are encouraged to always look for new types of number pads
C.
Using a conventional number pad utilizes negative training transfer
D.
A conventional number pad (calculator) is not considered a design pattern
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