Psychology 382 - Principles of Human Factors » Fall 2021 » Exam 1
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Question #1
What is the Human Factors mantra?
A.
Know thy user, and you are not thy user
B.
Know thy user, and you are the user
C.
Honor thy self, you are not the user
D.
Honor thy self, you are the user
E.
Common sense is not so common
Question #2
Which statement best describes the field of Human Factors?
A.
Human Factors involves the engineering of humans
B.
Human factors engineering is a discipline that considers the clinical, physical, and organizational influences on human behavior to allow humans to adapt to products and processes.
C.
Human factors engineering is a discipline that considers the cognitive, physical, and organizational influences on human behavior to improve human interaction with products and processes.
D.
Human factors engineering is a discipline that considers common sense to allow humans to adapt to products and processes.
E.
Human factors engineering is a different discipline compared to human factors psychology
Question #3
What are the goals of Human Factors psychology?
A.
Improve user safety, performance, and satisfaction
B.
Improve system reliability, cost, and reduce complaints
C.
Improve the Id, Ego, and Superego
D.
Improve business profits, product costs, and development time
Question #4
Which field of study is most related to Human Factors?
A.
Community Psychology
B.
Clinical Psychology
C.
Counseling Psychology
D.
Cognitive Psychology
E.
Critical Psychology
Question #5
What does HFES (founded in 1957) stand for?
A.
Human Factors and Experimental Subjects
B.
Human Factors and Economic Studies
C.
Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Question #6
What are the 3 components of the human factors design cycle?
A.
Evaluate > Adapt > Release
B.
Create > Release > Adapt
C.
Understand > Create > Evaluate
D.
Evaporate > Condensate > Precipitate
E.
Hub > Spoke > Rim
Question #7
What is 'human error' a symptom of?
A.
Glitches in the neural matrix
B.
Good design
C.
Poor humans
D.
Poor design
E.
Good humans
Question #8
Why is it best to design with humans in mind from the start?
A.
Utilize levels of processing theory
B.
Saves considerable money and human suffering
C.
To utilize the principle of neuroplasticity
D.
Allows human suffering to occur early while costs are low
Question #9
Why should training and selection be considered only after other HF design interventions?
A.
Training is the least effective method since it forces the person to adapt to technology
B.
Training is always included, thus should be assumed to be available
C.
Training is the act, process, or method of one that trains
D.
Training does not utilize levels of processing theory
Question #10
Why is intuition insufficient for design?
A.
People are not always aware of how their minds/bodies operate
B.
Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without recourse to conscious reasoning
C.
People are always able to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning
Question #11
What does 'Set Phasers on Stun' teach us about error?
A.
Illustrates that humans are the primary cause of failure
B.
Illustrates that there are often multiple causes to a failure
C.
Illustrates that solving human error is a hopeless cause
Question #12
Being first, being best, and being right do not matter - What matters is understanding what your customers want and need.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #13
Which design process is common for high risk complex designs (such as aircraft)?
A.
ISO 14971
B.
Clinical Behavioral Therapy
C.
Plan-Do-Check-Act
D.
Vee Process
E.
SCRUM
Question #14
Which design process is common for making incremental process improvements (such as workplace efficiency)?
A.
SCRUM
B.
Clinical Behavioral Therapy
C.
Plan-Do-Check-Act
D.
Testudines model
E.
Vee Process
Question #15
Which design process is common for iterative software design?
A.
Vee Process
B.
SCRUM
C.
Clinical Behavioral Therapy
D.
Rinse and repeat
E.
Plan-Do-Check-Act
Question #16
Both speed and accuracy are easily obtained using Human Factors methods, thus tradeoffs are un-necessary.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #17
Which method is used to systematically describe human interaction with a system to understand how to match the demands of the system to human capabilities?
A.
Task Analysis
B.
Heuristic Analysis
C.
Information Architecture
D.
Function Allocation
Question #18
Which method is used as an accelerated application of usability principals?
A.
Function Allocation
B.
Information Architecture
C.
User Specification
D.
Heuristic Evaluation
E.
Task Analysis
Question #19
Which answer best describes the role of the '5 whys' for understanding human error?
A.
Tactic to buy time to think of a response
B.
To identify multiple causes of an error
C.
To cause the research subject to do most of the talking
D.
To simulate toddler tendencies
Question #20
A single evaluation method is usually sufficient to provide a complete answer.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #21
Qualitative research methods often utilize which type of inputs?
A.
PDCA
B.
SCRUM
C.
Interviews
D.
Measurements
Question #22
Quantitative research methods often utilize which type of inputs?
A.
SCRUM
B.
Measurements
C.
Interviews
D.
Vee Process
Question #23
Which characteristic best describes formative studies?
A.
Tend to be comprehensive; with large sample sizes
B.
Tend to be quick; with small sample sizes
C.
Synonymous with validation studies
Question #24
Which characteristic best describes summative studies?
A.
Tend to be comprehensive; with large sample sizes
B.
Tend to be quick; with small sample sizes
C.
Synonymous with verification studies
Question #25
When are formative evaluations applied in the development cycle?
A.
Early to mid-cycle
B.
After product release
C.
End of the cycle
Question #26
When are summative evaluations applied in the development cycle?
A.
End of the cycle
B.
Early to mid-cycle
C.
After product release
Question #27
When are In-service evaluation techniques applied?
A.
After product release
B.
Early to mid-cycle
C.
End of the cycle
Question #28
Which method is an alternative to data collection?
A.
Formative Evaluation
B.
Summative Evaluation
C.
Usability Testing
D.
Literature Review
Question #29
Simulated use is a form of which data collection method?
A.
Usability Testing
B.
Post-market Survallance
C.
Heuristic Analysis
D.
Literature Review
Question #30
In an experimental study design, what is an Independent Variable?
A.
Things the experimenter confounds
B.
Things the experimenter measures
C.
Things the experimenter has no control over
D.
Things the experimenter manipulates
Question #31
In an experimental study design, what is the Dependent Variable?
A.
Things the experimenter manipulates
B.
Things the experimenter measures
C.
Things the experimenter has no control over
D.
Things the experimenter confounds
Question #32
Which Dependent Variables are commonly measured in Human Factors studies?
A.
Fatigue only
B.
Fatigue, Safety/Use Errors, Workload and Situational Awareness
C.
Workload and Situational Awareness
D.
Cost only
Question #33
A correlation implies causation.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
When determining sample size of a study, what should you do when you expect substantial population variability?
A.
Revert to a heuristic analysis
B.
Increase the number of Independent Variables
C.
Consider a larger sample size
D.
Consider a smaller sample size
E.
Employ the PDCA cycle
Question #35
When determining sample size of a study, what should you do when you expect minimal population variability?
A.
Consider a larger sample size
B.
Employ the PDCA cycle
C.
Consider a smaller sample size
D.
Revert to heuristic analysis
E.
Decrease the number of Independent Variables
Question #36
Ethical concerns are not applicable to Human Factors studies.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #37
How is 'Evaluation' related to 'Understanding' in the Human Factors cycle?
A.
Evaluation must be completed before Understanding can begin
B.
It is both the final step in Evaluation and the first step of the next iteration of Understanding
C.
Evaluation must be done concurrently with Understanding
D.
Evaluation is synonymous with Understanding
Question #38
What are the 3 general purposes of 'evaluation'?
A.
Create prototypes, wireframes, and design mock-ups
B.
Understand how to improve design, diagnose problems, and verify design
C.
Understand user needs, create prototypes, and validate design
Question #39
Identify the best method for evaluating early design ideas:
A.
Formative usability study
B.
Literature review or heuristic analysis
C.
Descriptive study
D.
Summative/comprehensive evaluation
Question #40
What general limitation affects all task analysis techniques?
A.
Heuristic analyses use considerable resources to perform
B.
Not all interactions involve performance of a task
C.
A task analysis is not part of the human factors tool kit
D.
Documents only existing behavior
Question #41
What does the story 'Never Cry Wolf' from Set Phasers on Stun (Casey) teach us about psychology?
A.
With sophisticated technology, prisoners will never be able to escape
B.
Wolf behavior is a core tenant in human factors psychology
C.
Alarm fatigue is challenging to overcome
Question #42
How many analysts should be used in a heuristic evaluation?
A.
3 to 10
B.
1 or 2
C.
15 to 30
D.
None
E.
30 or more
Question #43
Identify which example could be a confound in a field test of a vehicle:
A.
Moon phase and crime rate
B.
Driver gender and age
C.
Vehicle color and driver height
D.
Driver age and experience
E.
Vehicle size and driver age
Question #44
How might a design pattern speed up the design of a payment system?
A.
Designers are encouraged to always look for new types of number pads
B.
Using a conventional number pad utilizes negative training transfer
C.
Using a conventional number pad can present a familiar interaction consistent with other systems.
D.
A conventional number pad (calculator) is not considered a design pattern
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