Santa Monica College » Psychology » Psychology 3 - Personality Dynamics and Development » Spring 2019

Psychology 3 - Personality Dynamics and Development » Spring 2019 » Exam 2

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Question #1

According to the text, which projective test appears to have produced evidence that comes close to establishing its validity?

A. Draw-a-Face Test

B. Draw-a-Person Test

C. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

D. Buss-Perry Aggression Q-Sort

Question #2

Which of the following is a limitation of projective tests?

A. projective tests are relatively inefficient and expensive

B. although projective tests discriminate between known groups, the content of the items may seem absurd to test takers

C. both projective tests are relatively inefficient and expensive and although projective tests discriminate between known groups, the content of the items may seem absurd to test takers

D. two different interpreters of the same response might come to different conclusions about the scoring and meaning of the response to a projective test

Question #3

Which of the following is an objective test?

A. MMPI

B. TAT

C. Rorschach inkblots

D. None of the above are objective tests.

Question #4

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five?

A. agreeableness

B. conscientiousness

C. openness

D. psychoticism

Question #5

Imagine that you want to develop a test to measure depression. You gather a set of one hundred potential test items and ask a sample of people diagnosed with clinical depression and a sample of nondepressed people to respond to the items. For your final version of the test, you decide to keep only the fifteen items that the depressed and nondepressed groups answered differently. You are using a(n) ________ method of test construction.

A. factor analytic

B. projective

C. empirical

D. rational

Question #6

Data on the validity of projective tests show that projective tests are generally valid.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #7

According to the text, which of the following characteristics is positively associated with personality consistency?

A. neuroticism

B. need for cognition

C. general mental health

D. openness to experience

Question #8

The situationist argument holds that

A. a thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a limit to how well one can predict behavior from personality.

B. our everyday intuitions about people are fundamentally flawed.

C. situations are more important than personality traits for determining behavior.

D. All of the above.

Question #9

Situationism is the position that

A. situations are more important than personality traits in determining behavior.

B. situations do not influence behavior.

C. the ability of personality traits to predict behavior is severely limited.

D. both situations are more important than personality traits in determining behavior, and the ability of personality traits to predict behavior is severely limited.

Question #10

In order to improve personality research, researchers can ________.

A. predict behavioral trends rather than single acts

B. measure behavior in real life

C. check for moderator variables

D. All of the above.

Question #11

Political liberalism is associated with what trait?

A. neuroticism

B. extraversion

C. openness to experience

D. conscientiousness

Question #12

Happiness is associated with what trait?

A. extraversion

B. openness to experience

C. conscientiousness

D. self-monitoring

Question #13

The stability of individual differences typically increases with age.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #14

Personality assessment refers to

A. a treatment for personality disorders.

B. the selection of a group of individuals with the most unique temperaments.

C. the analysis and interpretation of genetic markers of personality.

D. the measurement of any characteristic pattern of behavior, thought, or emotion.

Question #15

When taking a(n) ________ test, a person interprets an ambiguous stimulus in order to express the inner workings of her or his mind.

A. objective

B. factor analytic

C. projective

D. rationally constructed

Question #16

In his book Personality and Assessment, Mischel argued that behavior can be most accurately predicted from

A. goals.

B. motivations.

C. situations.

D. personality variables.

Question #17

A test that is reliable may not be valid.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #18

The trait approach focuses exclusively on

A. aspects of personality that are the same in all people.

B. the measurement of absolute levels of traits.

C. physical dimensions.

D. individual differences.

Question #19

A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that

A. correlational methods do not clearly indicate effect size.

B. individual differences cannot be measured reliably.

C. situations do not affect behavior.

D. people are inconsistent.

Question #20

Which of the Big Five traits appears to have the hardest time replicating across cultures?

A. agreeableness

B. extraversion

C. psychoticism

D. openness to experience

Question #21

The rank order stability of personality is highest in which of the following periods of development?

A. adulthood

B. childhood

C. adolescence and the college years

D. infancy

Question #22

The meta-analysis of mean-level changes in personality across the life span suggests which of the following?

A. Adolescence is the time of most mean-level change in personality.

B. Mean-levels of all personality traits drop after adolescence.

C. Most mean-level changes in personality occur in young adulthood.

D. Mean-levels of personality traits are completely stable across the life span.

Question #23

Which of the Big Five seems to capture a tendency to experience positive emotions?

A. extraversion

B. openness to experience

C. conscientiousness

D. openness to experience

Question #24

Which of the Big Five seems to capture a tendency to experience negative emotions?

A. extraversion

B. openness to experience

C. conscientiousness

D. neuroticism

Question #25

What is the most common method of test construction?

A. empirical

B. rational

C. a combination of factor analytic and empirical methods

D. factor analytic

Question #26

The sole basis on which items are selected for empirically derived personality scales is whether ________.

A. their content adequately reflects the construct to be measured

B. the respondent will be willing and able to give an accurate self-assessment for them

C. they are correlated with other items on the scales

D. they are answered differently by different kinds of people

Question #27

According to the underlying theory of projective tests, the stimulus itself (e.g., an inkblot or a TAT card) directly causes responses to each stimulus.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #28

Currently, an emerging consensus among personality researchers is that there are ________ fundamental personality traits.

A. five

B. twenty

C. three

D. sixteen

Question #29

The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated that

A. personal identity is preserved regardless of situation

B. situational forces can significantly influence an individual's behavior

C. the prison simulation lasted for the entire two weeks that it was planned for

D. personality characteristics are more important than situational influences in determining behavior

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