Santa Monica College » Psychology » Psychology 3 - Personality Dynamics and Development » Spring 2019

Psychology 3 - Personality Dynamics and Development » Spring 2019 » Exam 2

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Question #1

According to the text, which projective test appears to have produced evidence that comes close to establishing its validity?

A. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

B. Draw-a-Person Test

C. Draw-a-Face Test

D. Buss-Perry Aggression Q-Sort

Question #2

Which of the following is a limitation of projective tests?

A. two different interpreters of the same response might come to different conclusions about the scoring and meaning of the response to a projective test

B. although projective tests discriminate between known groups, the content of the items may seem absurd to test takers

C. both projective tests are relatively inefficient and expensive and although projective tests discriminate between known groups, the content of the items may seem absurd to test takers

D. projective tests are relatively inefficient and expensive

Question #3

Which of the following is an objective test?

A. TAT

B. MMPI

C. Rorschach inkblots

D. None of the above are objective tests.

Question #4

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five?

A. openness

B. psychoticism

C. agreeableness

D. conscientiousness

Question #5

Imagine that you want to develop a test to measure depression. You gather a set of one hundred potential test items and ask a sample of people diagnosed with clinical depression and a sample of nondepressed people to respond to the items. For your final version of the test, you decide to keep only the fifteen items that the depressed and nondepressed groups answered differently. You are using a(n) ________ method of test construction.

A. factor analytic

B. empirical

C. rational

D. projective

Question #6

Data on the validity of projective tests show that projective tests are generally valid.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #7

According to the text, which of the following characteristics is positively associated with personality consistency?

A. need for cognition

B. openness to experience

C. neuroticism

D. general mental health

Question #8

The situationist argument holds that

A. our everyday intuitions about people are fundamentally flawed.

B. situations are more important than personality traits for determining behavior.

C. a thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a limit to how well one can predict behavior from personality.

D. All of the above.

Question #9

Situationism is the position that

A. the ability of personality traits to predict behavior is severely limited.

B. situations are more important than personality traits in determining behavior.

C. situations do not influence behavior.

D. both situations are more important than personality traits in determining behavior, and the ability of personality traits to predict behavior is severely limited.

Question #10

In order to improve personality research, researchers can ________.

A. check for moderator variables

B. measure behavior in real life

C. predict behavioral trends rather than single acts

D. All of the above.

Question #11

Political liberalism is associated with what trait?

A. extraversion

B. conscientiousness

C. neuroticism

D. openness to experience

Question #12

Happiness is associated with what trait?

A. openness to experience

B. conscientiousness

C. self-monitoring

D. extraversion

Question #13

The stability of individual differences typically increases with age.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #14

Personality assessment refers to

A. the selection of a group of individuals with the most unique temperaments.

B. the measurement of any characteristic pattern of behavior, thought, or emotion.

C. the analysis and interpretation of genetic markers of personality.

D. a treatment for personality disorders.

Question #15

When taking a(n) ________ test, a person interprets an ambiguous stimulus in order to express the inner workings of her or his mind.

A. factor analytic

B. objective

C. projective

D. rationally constructed

Question #16

In his book Personality and Assessment, Mischel argued that behavior can be most accurately predicted from

A. goals.

B. personality variables.

C. situations.

D. motivations.

Question #17

A test that is reliable may not be valid.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #18

The trait approach focuses exclusively on

A. aspects of personality that are the same in all people.

B. physical dimensions.

C. individual differences.

D. the measurement of absolute levels of traits.

Question #19

A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that

A. correlational methods do not clearly indicate effect size.

B. people are inconsistent.

C. situations do not affect behavior.

D. individual differences cannot be measured reliably.

Question #20

Which of the Big Five traits appears to have the hardest time replicating across cultures?

A. psychoticism

B. extraversion

C. agreeableness

D. openness to experience

Question #21

The rank order stability of personality is highest in which of the following periods of development?

A. adolescence and the college years

B. adulthood

C. childhood

D. infancy

Question #22

The meta-analysis of mean-level changes in personality across the life span suggests which of the following?

A. Mean-levels of personality traits are completely stable across the life span.

B. Mean-levels of all personality traits drop after adolescence.

C. Adolescence is the time of most mean-level change in personality.

D. Most mean-level changes in personality occur in young adulthood.

Question #23

Which of the Big Five seems to capture a tendency to experience positive emotions?

A. openness to experience

B. extraversion

C. openness to experience

D. conscientiousness

Question #24

Which of the Big Five seems to capture a tendency to experience negative emotions?

A. openness to experience

B. conscientiousness

C. neuroticism

D. extraversion

Question #25

What is the most common method of test construction?

A. factor analytic

B. rational

C. a combination of factor analytic and empirical methods

D. empirical

Question #26

The sole basis on which items are selected for empirically derived personality scales is whether ________.

A. their content adequately reflects the construct to be measured

B. they are correlated with other items on the scales

C. the respondent will be willing and able to give an accurate self-assessment for them

D. they are answered differently by different kinds of people

Question #27

According to the underlying theory of projective tests, the stimulus itself (e.g., an inkblot or a TAT card) directly causes responses to each stimulus.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #28

Currently, an emerging consensus among personality researchers is that there are ________ fundamental personality traits.

A. five

B. three

C. twenty

D. sixteen

Question #29

The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated that

A. personality characteristics are more important than situational influences in determining behavior

B. personal identity is preserved regardless of situation

C. the prison simulation lasted for the entire two weeks that it was planned for

D. situational forces can significantly influence an individual's behavior

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