Santa Monica College » Psychology » Psychology 3 - Personality Dynamics and Development » Spring 2019

Psychology 3 - Personality Dynamics and Development » Spring 2019 » Exam 2

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Question #1

According to the text, which projective test appears to have produced evidence that comes close to establishing its validity?

A. Draw-a-Person Test

B. Buss-Perry Aggression Q-Sort

C. Draw-a-Face Test

D. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question #2

Which of the following is a limitation of projective tests?

A. both projective tests are relatively inefficient and expensive and although projective tests discriminate between known groups, the content of the items may seem absurd to test takers

B. although projective tests discriminate between known groups, the content of the items may seem absurd to test takers

C. two different interpreters of the same response might come to different conclusions about the scoring and meaning of the response to a projective test

D. projective tests are relatively inefficient and expensive

Question #3

Which of the following is an objective test?

A. TAT

B. Rorschach inkblots

C. MMPI

D. None of the above are objective tests.

Question #4

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five?

A. psychoticism

B. conscientiousness

C. openness

D. agreeableness

Question #5

Imagine that you want to develop a test to measure depression. You gather a set of one hundred potential test items and ask a sample of people diagnosed with clinical depression and a sample of nondepressed people to respond to the items. For your final version of the test, you decide to keep only the fifteen items that the depressed and nondepressed groups answered differently. You are using a(n) ________ method of test construction.

A. factor analytic

B. projective

C. rational

D. empirical

Question #6

Data on the validity of projective tests show that projective tests are generally valid.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #7

According to the text, which of the following characteristics is positively associated with personality consistency?

A. need for cognition

B. neuroticism

C. openness to experience

D. general mental health

Question #8

The situationist argument holds that

A. our everyday intuitions about people are fundamentally flawed.

B. a thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a limit to how well one can predict behavior from personality.

C. situations are more important than personality traits for determining behavior.

D. All of the above.

Question #9

Situationism is the position that

A. situations do not influence behavior.

B. both situations are more important than personality traits in determining behavior, and the ability of personality traits to predict behavior is severely limited.

C. situations are more important than personality traits in determining behavior.

D. the ability of personality traits to predict behavior is severely limited.

Question #10

In order to improve personality research, researchers can ________.

A. measure behavior in real life

B. predict behavioral trends rather than single acts

C. check for moderator variables

D. All of the above.

Question #11

Political liberalism is associated with what trait?

A. extraversion

B. openness to experience

C. conscientiousness

D. neuroticism

Question #12

Happiness is associated with what trait?

A. openness to experience

B. conscientiousness

C. extraversion

D. self-monitoring

Question #13

The stability of individual differences typically increases with age.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #14

Personality assessment refers to

A. a treatment for personality disorders.

B. the analysis and interpretation of genetic markers of personality.

C. the selection of a group of individuals with the most unique temperaments.

D. the measurement of any characteristic pattern of behavior, thought, or emotion.

Question #15

When taking a(n) ________ test, a person interprets an ambiguous stimulus in order to express the inner workings of her or his mind.

A. objective

B. projective

C. rationally constructed

D. factor analytic

Question #16

In his book Personality and Assessment, Mischel argued that behavior can be most accurately predicted from

A. goals.

B. personality variables.

C. motivations.

D. situations.

Question #17

A test that is reliable may not be valid.

A. TRUE

B. FALSE

Question #18

The trait approach focuses exclusively on

A. the measurement of absolute levels of traits.

B. aspects of personality that are the same in all people.

C. physical dimensions.

D. individual differences.

Question #19

A fundamental problem for the trait approach is that

A. correlational methods do not clearly indicate effect size.

B. individual differences cannot be measured reliably.

C. people are inconsistent.

D. situations do not affect behavior.

Question #20

Which of the Big Five traits appears to have the hardest time replicating across cultures?

A. openness to experience

B. agreeableness

C. extraversion

D. psychoticism

Question #21

The rank order stability of personality is highest in which of the following periods of development?

A. adulthood

B. childhood

C. infancy

D. adolescence and the college years

Question #22

The meta-analysis of mean-level changes in personality across the life span suggests which of the following?

A. Adolescence is the time of most mean-level change in personality.

B. Mean-levels of personality traits are completely stable across the life span.

C. Most mean-level changes in personality occur in young adulthood.

D. Mean-levels of all personality traits drop after adolescence.

Question #23

Which of the Big Five seems to capture a tendency to experience positive emotions?

A. extraversion

B. openness to experience

C. conscientiousness

D. openness to experience

Question #24

Which of the Big Five seems to capture a tendency to experience negative emotions?

A. neuroticism

B. extraversion

C. openness to experience

D. conscientiousness

Question #25

What is the most common method of test construction?

A. factor analytic

B. rational

C. a combination of factor analytic and empirical methods

D. empirical

Question #26

The sole basis on which items are selected for empirically derived personality scales is whether ________.

A. they are correlated with other items on the scales

B. they are answered differently by different kinds of people

C. their content adequately reflects the construct to be measured

D. the respondent will be willing and able to give an accurate self-assessment for them

Question #27

According to the underlying theory of projective tests, the stimulus itself (e.g., an inkblot or a TAT card) directly causes responses to each stimulus.

A. FALSE

B. TRUE

Question #28

Currently, an emerging consensus among personality researchers is that there are ________ fundamental personality traits.

A. twenty

B. sixteen

C. three

D. five

Question #29

The Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrated that

A. the prison simulation lasted for the entire two weeks that it was planned for

B. personal identity is preserved regardless of situation

C. personality characteristics are more important than situational influences in determining behavior

D. situational forces can significantly influence an individual's behavior

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