A.   raising the most money

B.   nominating candidates

C.   winning elections

D.   creating the party platform

A.   Men are significantly more likely than women to identify with the Democratic Party, whereas more women identify as independents.

B.   Women are significantly more likely than men to identify with the Democratic Party, whereas more men identify as independents.

C.   There are no significant differences between men and women in terms of their political partisanship.

D.   A majority of men and women identify as Republicans, but more men than women identify with the Republican Party.

A.   an electoral realignment

B.   proportional representation

C.   external mobilization

D.   divided party government

A.   gerrymandering

B.   prospective voting

C.   a referendum

D.   retrospective voting

A.   a governor.

B.   the president.

C.   a U.S. senator.

D.   a state legislator.

A.   The number of people identifying as Republicans has outnumbered Democratic identifiers for a long time.

B.   The number of people identifying as Democrats outnumbered Republican identifiers between 1960 and 2008, but more people have identified as Republicans than Democrats since 2008.

C.   The number of people identifying as Democrats has outnumbered Republican identifiers for a long time.

D.   The number of people identifying as Republicans outnumbered Democratic identifiers between 1960 and 2008, but more people have identified as Democrats than Republicans since 2008.

A.   political consulting firms.

B.   corporations.

C.   political parties.

D.   political action committees.

A.   Party leaders are legally prohibited from playing any role in the nominations process.

B.   Although average citizens have some influence in the nominations process, party elites play an outsized role in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election.

C.   Although party elites have some influence in the nominations process, average citizens play an outsized role in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election.

D.   Party leaders and average citizens play roughly equal roles in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election.

A.   conservative evangelical southerners, reacting to the cultural changes of the 1960s

B.   recent immigrants to the United States

C.   blue-collar workers whose formative experience was the Great Depression

D.   upper-middle-class professionals, for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements of the 1960s were key experiences

A.   in 2010 as a lobbying organization opposed to the Affordable Care Act.

B.   in 1996 as a social networking site for progressive activists opposed to free-trade agreements.

C.   in 2003 as a protest movement fighting against the war in Iraq.

D.   in 1998 as an email group fighting against the impeachment of President Bill Clinton.

A.   information

B.   legal assistance

C.   campaign workers

D.   money

A.   42

B.   62

C.   2

D.   22

A.   promoted by late nineteenth-century religious conservatives as a way to restore “moral values” to the country.

B.   promoted by late nineteenth-century Populists and Progressives as an antidote to interest group influence in the legislative process.

C.   promoted by early twentieth-century liberals as a way of protecting immigrant rights.

D.   established at the federal level by the Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the Constitution.

A.   in 1965 as an effort to push for the passage of Medicare.

B.   in 1958 as an effort to find affordable health insurance for retired teachers.

C.   in 2001 as an effort to prevent the George W. Bush administration’s tax cuts.

D.   in 1932 as an effort to convince Congress to enact Social Security.

A.   public interest groups are now actively involving private corporations.

B.   the free-rider problem does not apply to private corporations.

C.   credit card companies are interested in the public good.

D.   private interests are hiding behind the ideals of public interests.

A.   $5,000

B.   $500,000

C.   $50,000

D.   $500

A.   free-rider problem; collective goods

B.   principal-agent problem; selective benefits

C.   principal-agent problem; collective goods

D.   free-rider problem; selective benefits

A.   in which members play an important role in the daily activities and administration.

B.   in which members vote directly for their leaders.

C.   in which only members may receive benefits.

D.   that accepts anyone as a member.

A.   requested by the president, and comity demands that his or her request is always accepted.

B.   mandated by the Constitution.

C.   based on tradition but was discontinued during the Great Depression and World War II.

D.   required by a law passed by Congress in 1803 and renewed ever since.

A.   Implied

B.   Expressed

C.   Delegated

D.   Inherent

A.   two-thirds of both houses of Congress

B.   a majority of both houses of Congress

C.   three-fourths of both houses of Congress

D.   a unanimous vote of both houses of Congress

A.   its personnel are an integral part of virtually every conceivable presidential responsibility, such as overseeing regulatory proposals, reporting on agency activities, and preparing the national budget.

B.   it is granted the authority under the Constitution to pass the federal budget.

C.   it has the power to veto any legislation passed by Congress that negatively impacts the federal budget.

D.   the Constitution requires that the president receive its approval for every administrative rule change he or she proposes and for every tax increase he or she suggests.

A.   War Powers Resolution of 1973

B.   National Security Act of 1947

C.   Boland Amendment of 1982

D.   USA PATRIOT Act of 2001

A.   War Council

B.   State Department

C.   Council on Foreign Relations

D.   National Security Council

A.   the Supreme Court.

B.   Congress.

C.   the Constitution.

D.   the president’s party.

A.   to cast tie-breaking votes in the Senate

B.   to represent the president overseas

C.   to run the day-to-day operations of the Executive Office of the President

D.   to serve as Speaker of the House of Representatives

A.   national defense and the federal budget

B.   national defense and environmental protection

C.   health care and education

D.   law enforcement and oversight

A.   delegated powers of the presidency.

B.   “going public” strategy.

C.   inherent powers of the presidency.

D.   expressed powers of the presidency.

A.   Fewer than 10 percent of all presidential vetoes throughout American history have been successfully overridden by Congress.

B.   Nearly all presidential vetoes are successfully overridden by Congress.

C.   A presidential veto has never been successfully overridden by Congress.

D.   Approximately half of presidential vetoes throughout American history have been successfully overridden by Congress.

A.   requiring two-thirds of both the House and the Senate to vote in favor of any presidential order to deploy federal troops within the United States.

B.   stating that a state government must request federal troops before the president can deploy them within that state to provide public order.

C.   strictly prohibiting presidents from ever deploying federal troops within the United States.

D.   requiring a majority of both the House and the Senate to vote in favor of any presidential order to deploy federal troops within the United States.

A.   do not have to be approved by the Senate but are responsible to the Senate and to Congress at large.

B.   must be approved by the Senate, but not responsible to the Senate or to Congress at large.

C.   must be approved by the Senate and are responsible to the Senate and to Congress at large.

D.   do not have to be approved by the Senate and are not responsible to the Senate or to Congress at large.

A.   the Supreme Court

B.   Congress

C.   the executive bureaucracy

D.   the presidency

A.   Andrew Johnson

B.   Rutherford B. Hayes

C.   Andrew Jackson

D.   Abraham Lincoln

A.   charged by the Senate and tried in the House, with the Chief Justice presiding and a 50 percent plus one vote needed for conviction.

B.   charged by the House and tried in the Senate, with the Chief Justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction.

C.   charged by the House and tried in the Senate, with the Chief Justice presiding and a 50 percent plus one vote needed for conviction.

D.   charged by the Senate and tried in the House, with the Chief Justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction.

A.   cabinet secretaries

B.   all state Supreme Court justices

C.   open seats in the House of Representatives

D.   open Senate seats

A.   12

B.   0

C.   3

D.   8

A.   the unitary executive.

B.   absolutism.

C.   elite pluralism.

D.   pluralism.

A.   by executive orders from the president.

B.   by laws passed in Congress.

C.   by Supreme Court decisions.

D.   by federal ballot initiatives.

A.   Congress is removed completely from the United States’ foreign policy process.

B.   states have a much harder time implementing programs than the federal government does.

C.   there is no potential for variation in the provision of services and benefits across states.

D.   there are potentially large variations in the provision of services and benefits across states.

A.   part of the Department of the Interior.

B.   a government corporation.

C.   an independent agency.

D.   part of the Department of Agriculture.

A.   1.3 million

B.   600,000

C.   900,000

D.   100,000

A.   independent agency; bureau-level agency

B.   bureau-level agency; independent agency

C.   Cabinet-level department; bureau-level agency

D.   bureau-level agency; Cabinet-level department

A.   is established by the president without congressional approval.

B.   is part of a Cabinet-level department.

C.   is established by Congress but not part of a Cabinet-level department.

D.   charges fees to consumers but carries out governmental responsibilities.

A.   secretary of defense

B.   U.S. Army

C.   Department of Homeland Security

D.   U.S. Marine Corps

A.   the stable relationship between a bureaucratic agency, a clientele group, and a legislative committee

B.   the inability to reform federal rules without help from the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the president

C.   the breakdown in the separation of powers between Congress, the federal judiciary, and the president

D.   the domination of a few large companies in the regulation of iron mining and smelting

A.   the U.S. federal government.

B.   Apple.

C.   Walmart.

D.   Amazon.

A.   the Secretary of the Treasury

B.   the Internal Revenue Service

C.   the Federal Reserve System

D.   the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

A.   The solicitor general is the chief legal counsel for the White House.

B.   The solicitor general is the chief lawyer for Congress who makes advisory opinions on the constitutionality of legislative proposals.

C.   The solicitor general is the lawyer who represents the United States before the Supreme Court in cases where the federal government is a party.

D.   The solicitor general is the head of the Department of Justice.

A.   50

B.   68

C.   33

D.   97

A.   160

B.   18

C.   50

D.   100

A.   governs agency rule making.

B.   defines the jurisdiction of the various state court systems.

C.   sets the procedures for filing appellate cases in the various state court systems.

D.   sets the procedures for filing appellate cases in the federal court system.

A.   the president

B.   the Supreme Court

C.   Congress

D.   the bureaucracy

A.   criminal

B.   constitutional

C.   common

D.   civil

A.   a pro bono settlement.

B.   an amicus curiae.

C.   a plea bargain.

D.   a quid pro quo.

A.   important because every word of a decision is legally binding.

B.   unimportant because all justices usually describe their decisions in exactly the same way.

C.   important because differences in wording and emphasis can have important implications for how the decision is interpreted in future litigation.

D.   unimportant because the final vote of the justices is the only statement that carries any weight in future cases.

A.   the plaintiff is not allowed to appeal the verdict if he or she loses.

B.   the government immediately appeals the verdict if it loses.

C.   the defendant is not allowed to appeal the verdict if he or she loses.

D.   one individual charges that he or she has been injured by another’s negligence or malfeasance.

A.   2016

B.   1803

C.   1911

D.   1789