A.   winning elections

B.   raising the most money

C.   creating the party platform

D.   nominating candidates

A.   Women are significantly more likely than men to identify with the Democratic Party, whereas more men identify as independents.

B.   There are no significant differences between men and women in terms of their political partisanship.

C.   Men are significantly more likely than women to identify with the Democratic Party, whereas more women identify as independents.

D.   A majority of men and women identify as Republicans, but more men than women identify with the Republican Party.

A.   proportional representation

B.   divided party government

C.   an electoral realignment

D.   external mobilization

A.   gerrymandering

B.   a referendum

C.   prospective voting

D.   retrospective voting

A.   the president.

B.   a governor.

C.   a state legislator.

D.   a U.S. senator.

A.   The number of people identifying as Democrats has outnumbered Republican identifiers for a long time.

B.   The number of people identifying as Republicans outnumbered Democratic identifiers between 1960 and 2008, but more people have identified as Democrats than Republicans since 2008.

C.   The number of people identifying as Republicans has outnumbered Democratic identifiers for a long time.

D.   The number of people identifying as Democrats outnumbered Republican identifiers between 1960 and 2008, but more people have identified as Republicans than Democrats since 2008.

A.   corporations.

B.   political action committees.

C.   political consulting firms.

D.   political parties.

A.   Party leaders and average citizens play roughly equal roles in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election.

B.   Although average citizens have some influence in the nominations process, party elites play an outsized role in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election.

C.   Although party elites have some influence in the nominations process, average citizens play an outsized role in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election.

D.   Party leaders are legally prohibited from playing any role in the nominations process.

A.   blue-collar workers whose formative experience was the Great Depression

B.   recent immigrants to the United States

C.   conservative evangelical southerners, reacting to the cultural changes of the 1960s

D.   upper-middle-class professionals, for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements of the 1960s were key experiences

A.   in 1996 as a social networking site for progressive activists opposed to free-trade agreements.

B.   in 2003 as a protest movement fighting against the war in Iraq.

C.   in 2010 as a lobbying organization opposed to the Affordable Care Act.

D.   in 1998 as an email group fighting against the impeachment of President Bill Clinton.

A.   legal assistance

B.   information

C.   campaign workers

D.   money

A.   2

B.   22

C.   42

D.   62

A.   established at the federal level by the Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the Constitution.

B.   promoted by early twentieth-century liberals as a way of protecting immigrant rights.

C.   promoted by late nineteenth-century Populists and Progressives as an antidote to interest group influence in the legislative process.

D.   promoted by late nineteenth-century religious conservatives as a way to restore “moral values” to the country.

A.   in 1958 as an effort to find affordable health insurance for retired teachers.

B.   in 1932 as an effort to convince Congress to enact Social Security.

C.   in 2001 as an effort to prevent the George W. Bush administration’s tax cuts.

D.   in 1965 as an effort to push for the passage of Medicare.

A.   credit card companies are interested in the public good.

B.   private interests are hiding behind the ideals of public interests.

C.   the free-rider problem does not apply to private corporations.

D.   public interest groups are now actively involving private corporations.

A.   $50,000

B.   $500

C.   $500,000

D.   $5,000

A.   principal-agent problem; selective benefits

B.   free-rider problem; selective benefits

C.   free-rider problem; collective goods

D.   principal-agent problem; collective goods

A.   in which only members may receive benefits.

B.   in which members vote directly for their leaders.

C.   in which members play an important role in the daily activities and administration.

D.   that accepts anyone as a member.

A.   mandated by the Constitution.

B.   required by a law passed by Congress in 1803 and renewed ever since.

C.   requested by the president, and comity demands that his or her request is always accepted.

D.   based on tradition but was discontinued during the Great Depression and World War II.

A.   Implied

B.   Delegated

C.   Inherent

D.   Expressed

A.   a majority of both houses of Congress

B.   two-thirds of both houses of Congress

C.   a unanimous vote of both houses of Congress

D.   three-fourths of both houses of Congress

A.   it is granted the authority under the Constitution to pass the federal budget.

B.   the Constitution requires that the president receive its approval for every administrative rule change he or she proposes and for every tax increase he or she suggests.

C.   it has the power to veto any legislation passed by Congress that negatively impacts the federal budget.

D.   its personnel are an integral part of virtually every conceivable presidential responsibility, such as overseeing regulatory proposals, reporting on agency activities, and preparing the national budget.

A.   War Powers Resolution of 1973

B.   Boland Amendment of 1982

C.   National Security Act of 1947

D.   USA PATRIOT Act of 2001

A.   Council on Foreign Relations

B.   State Department

C.   War Council

D.   National Security Council

A.   the president’s party.

B.   Congress.

C.   the Constitution.

D.   the Supreme Court.

A.   to cast tie-breaking votes in the Senate

B.   to run the day-to-day operations of the Executive Office of the President

C.   to represent the president overseas

D.   to serve as Speaker of the House of Representatives

A.   national defense and the federal budget

B.   national defense and environmental protection

C.   health care and education

D.   law enforcement and oversight

A.   expressed powers of the presidency.

B.   inherent powers of the presidency.

C.   delegated powers of the presidency.

D.   “going public” strategy.

A.   Fewer than 10 percent of all presidential vetoes throughout American history have been successfully overridden by Congress.

B.   A presidential veto has never been successfully overridden by Congress.

C.   Approximately half of presidential vetoes throughout American history have been successfully overridden by Congress.

D.   Nearly all presidential vetoes are successfully overridden by Congress.

A.   requiring a majority of both the House and the Senate to vote in favor of any presidential order to deploy federal troops within the United States.

B.   strictly prohibiting presidents from ever deploying federal troops within the United States.

C.   stating that a state government must request federal troops before the president can deploy them within that state to provide public order.

D.   requiring two-thirds of both the House and the Senate to vote in favor of any presidential order to deploy federal troops within the United States.

A.   must be approved by the Senate, but not responsible to the Senate or to Congress at large.

B.   do not have to be approved by the Senate but are responsible to the Senate and to Congress at large.

C.   do not have to be approved by the Senate and are not responsible to the Senate or to Congress at large.

D.   must be approved by the Senate and are responsible to the Senate and to Congress at large.

A.   the executive bureaucracy

B.   the presidency

C.   the Supreme Court

D.   Congress

A.   Abraham Lincoln

B.   Andrew Johnson

C.   Rutherford B. Hayes

D.   Andrew Jackson

A.   charged by the House and tried in the Senate, with the Chief Justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction.

B.   charged by the Senate and tried in the House, with the Chief Justice presiding and a 50 percent plus one vote needed for conviction.

C.   charged by the House and tried in the Senate, with the Chief Justice presiding and a 50 percent plus one vote needed for conviction.

D.   charged by the Senate and tried in the House, with the Chief Justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction.

A.   open Senate seats

B.   cabinet secretaries

C.   all state Supreme Court justices

D.   open seats in the House of Representatives

A.   0

B.   3

C.   8

D.   12

A.   absolutism.

B.   pluralism.

C.   the unitary executive.

D.   elite pluralism.

A.   by federal ballot initiatives.

B.   by executive orders from the president.

C.   by Supreme Court decisions.

D.   by laws passed in Congress.

A.   there is no potential for variation in the provision of services and benefits across states.

B.   states have a much harder time implementing programs than the federal government does.

C.   there are potentially large variations in the provision of services and benefits across states.

D.   Congress is removed completely from the United States’ foreign policy process.

A.   a government corporation.

B.   an independent agency.

C.   part of the Department of Agriculture.

D.   part of the Department of the Interior.

A.   100,000

B.   1.3 million

C.   900,000

D.   600,000

A.   independent agency; bureau-level agency

B.   bureau-level agency; independent agency

C.   bureau-level agency; Cabinet-level department

D.   Cabinet-level department; bureau-level agency

A.   is established by the president without congressional approval.

B.   is part of a Cabinet-level department.

C.   is established by Congress but not part of a Cabinet-level department.

D.   charges fees to consumers but carries out governmental responsibilities.

A.   secretary of defense

B.   U.S. Army

C.   Department of Homeland Security

D.   U.S. Marine Corps

A.   the breakdown in the separation of powers between Congress, the federal judiciary, and the president

B.   the inability to reform federal rules without help from the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the president

C.   the domination of a few large companies in the regulation of iron mining and smelting

D.   the stable relationship between a bureaucratic agency, a clientele group, and a legislative committee

A.   Apple.

B.   Walmart.

C.   the U.S. federal government.

D.   Amazon.

A.   the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

B.   the Internal Revenue Service

C.   the Federal Reserve System

D.   the Secretary of the Treasury

A.   The solicitor general is the chief lawyer for Congress who makes advisory opinions on the constitutionality of legislative proposals.

B.   The solicitor general is the head of the Department of Justice.

C.   The solicitor general is the chief legal counsel for the White House.

D.   The solicitor general is the lawyer who represents the United States before the Supreme Court in cases where the federal government is a party.

A.   97

B.   68

C.   33

D.   50

A.   160

B.   100

C.   18

D.   50

A.   governs agency rule making.

B.   sets the procedures for filing appellate cases in the federal court system.

C.   sets the procedures for filing appellate cases in the various state court systems.

D.   defines the jurisdiction of the various state court systems.

A.   the Supreme Court

B.   the president

C.   the bureaucracy

D.   Congress

A.   civil

B.   criminal

C.   constitutional

D.   common

A.   an amicus curiae.

B.   a plea bargain.

C.   a quid pro quo.

D.   a pro bono settlement.

A.   important because every word of a decision is legally binding.

B.   important because differences in wording and emphasis can have important implications for how the decision is interpreted in future litigation.

C.   unimportant because all justices usually describe their decisions in exactly the same way.

D.   unimportant because the final vote of the justices is the only statement that carries any weight in future cases.

A.   the government immediately appeals the verdict if it loses.

B.   the plaintiff is not allowed to appeal the verdict if he or she loses.

C.   the defendant is not allowed to appeal the verdict if he or she loses.

D.   one individual charges that he or she has been injured by another’s negligence or malfeasance.

A.   2016

B.   1911

C.   1789

D.   1803