A.   creating the party platform

B.   raising the most money

C.   nominating candidates

D.   winning elections

A.   Men are significantly more likely than women to identify with the Democratic Party, whereas more women identify as independents.

B.   A majority of men and women identify as Republicans, but more men than women identify with the Republican Party.

C.   Women are significantly more likely than men to identify with the Democratic Party, whereas more men identify as independents.

D.   There are no significant differences between men and women in terms of their political partisanship.

A.   an electoral realignment

B.   external mobilization

C.   proportional representation

D.   divided party government

A.   retrospective voting

B.   prospective voting

C.   gerrymandering

D.   a referendum

A.   a U.S. senator.

B.   a state legislator.

C.   a governor.

D.   the president.

A.   The number of people identifying as Democrats outnumbered Republican identifiers between 1960 and 2008, but more people have identified as Republicans than Democrats since 2008.

B.   The number of people identifying as Democrats has outnumbered Republican identifiers for a long time.

C.   The number of people identifying as Republicans has outnumbered Democratic identifiers for a long time.

D.   The number of people identifying as Republicans outnumbered Democratic identifiers between 1960 and 2008, but more people have identified as Democrats than Republicans since 2008.

A.   political consulting firms.

B.   political parties.

C.   corporations.

D.   political action committees.

A.   Although party elites have some influence in the nominations process, average citizens play an outsized role in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election.

B.   Although average citizens have some influence in the nominations process, party elites play an outsized role in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election.

C.   Party leaders are legally prohibited from playing any role in the nominations process.

D.   Party leaders and average citizens play roughly equal roles in selecting the candidates who will compete in the general election.

A.   blue-collar workers whose formative experience was the Great Depression

B.   conservative evangelical southerners, reacting to the cultural changes of the 1960s

C.   recent immigrants to the United States

D.   upper-middle-class professionals, for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements of the 1960s were key experiences

A.   in 2010 as a lobbying organization opposed to the Affordable Care Act.

B.   in 1996 as a social networking site for progressive activists opposed to free-trade agreements.

C.   in 2003 as a protest movement fighting against the war in Iraq.

D.   in 1998 as an email group fighting against the impeachment of President Bill Clinton.

A.   money

B.   legal assistance

C.   campaign workers

D.   information

A.   22

B.   2

C.   62

D.   42

A.   promoted by late nineteenth-century Populists and Progressives as an antidote to interest group influence in the legislative process.

B.   established at the federal level by the Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the Constitution.

C.   promoted by early twentieth-century liberals as a way of protecting immigrant rights.

D.   promoted by late nineteenth-century religious conservatives as a way to restore “moral values” to the country.

A.   in 1958 as an effort to find affordable health insurance for retired teachers.

B.   in 1932 as an effort to convince Congress to enact Social Security.

C.   in 2001 as an effort to prevent the George W. Bush administration’s tax cuts.

D.   in 1965 as an effort to push for the passage of Medicare.

A.   public interest groups are now actively involving private corporations.

B.   the free-rider problem does not apply to private corporations.

C.   credit card companies are interested in the public good.

D.   private interests are hiding behind the ideals of public interests.

A.   $50,000

B.   $5,000

C.   $500

D.   $500,000

A.   free-rider problem; selective benefits

B.   free-rider problem; collective goods

C.   principal-agent problem; selective benefits

D.   principal-agent problem; collective goods

A.   that accepts anyone as a member.

B.   in which only members may receive benefits.

C.   in which members play an important role in the daily activities and administration.

D.   in which members vote directly for their leaders.

A.   requested by the president, and comity demands that his or her request is always accepted.

B.   required by a law passed by Congress in 1803 and renewed ever since.

C.   mandated by the Constitution.

D.   based on tradition but was discontinued during the Great Depression and World War II.

A.   Inherent

B.   Implied

C.   Delegated

D.   Expressed

A.   three-fourths of both houses of Congress

B.   a majority of both houses of Congress

C.   two-thirds of both houses of Congress

D.   a unanimous vote of both houses of Congress

A.   it is granted the authority under the Constitution to pass the federal budget.

B.   its personnel are an integral part of virtually every conceivable presidential responsibility, such as overseeing regulatory proposals, reporting on agency activities, and preparing the national budget.

C.   it has the power to veto any legislation passed by Congress that negatively impacts the federal budget.

D.   the Constitution requires that the president receive its approval for every administrative rule change he or she proposes and for every tax increase he or she suggests.

A.   War Powers Resolution of 1973

B.   Boland Amendment of 1982

C.   USA PATRIOT Act of 2001

D.   National Security Act of 1947

A.   National Security Council

B.   Council on Foreign Relations

C.   State Department

D.   War Council

A.   the Constitution.

B.   Congress.

C.   the president’s party.

D.   the Supreme Court.

A.   to serve as Speaker of the House of Representatives

B.   to represent the president overseas

C.   to run the day-to-day operations of the Executive Office of the President

D.   to cast tie-breaking votes in the Senate

A.   national defense and the federal budget

B.   law enforcement and oversight

C.   national defense and environmental protection

D.   health care and education

A.   inherent powers of the presidency.

B.   delegated powers of the presidency.

C.   “going public” strategy.

D.   expressed powers of the presidency.

A.   Fewer than 10 percent of all presidential vetoes throughout American history have been successfully overridden by Congress.

B.   Approximately half of presidential vetoes throughout American history have been successfully overridden by Congress.

C.   A presidential veto has never been successfully overridden by Congress.

D.   Nearly all presidential vetoes are successfully overridden by Congress.

A.   strictly prohibiting presidents from ever deploying federal troops within the United States.

B.   requiring a majority of both the House and the Senate to vote in favor of any presidential order to deploy federal troops within the United States.

C.   requiring two-thirds of both the House and the Senate to vote in favor of any presidential order to deploy federal troops within the United States.

D.   stating that a state government must request federal troops before the president can deploy them within that state to provide public order.

A.   do not have to be approved by the Senate and are not responsible to the Senate or to Congress at large.

B.   must be approved by the Senate, but not responsible to the Senate or to Congress at large.

C.   must be approved by the Senate and are responsible to the Senate and to Congress at large.

D.   do not have to be approved by the Senate but are responsible to the Senate and to Congress at large.

A.   the executive bureaucracy

B.   the presidency

C.   the Supreme Court

D.   Congress

A.   Rutherford B. Hayes

B.   Abraham Lincoln

C.   Andrew Johnson

D.   Andrew Jackson

A.   charged by the Senate and tried in the House, with the Chief Justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction.

B.   charged by the House and tried in the Senate, with the Chief Justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction.

C.   charged by the House and tried in the Senate, with the Chief Justice presiding and a 50 percent plus one vote needed for conviction.

D.   charged by the Senate and tried in the House, with the Chief Justice presiding and a 50 percent plus one vote needed for conviction.

A.   open seats in the House of Representatives

B.   cabinet secretaries

C.   all state Supreme Court justices

D.   open Senate seats

A.   0

B.   12

C.   8

D.   3

A.   the unitary executive.

B.   elite pluralism.

C.   absolutism.

D.   pluralism.

A.   by executive orders from the president.

B.   by laws passed in Congress.

C.   by federal ballot initiatives.

D.   by Supreme Court decisions.

A.   Congress is removed completely from the United States’ foreign policy process.

B.   there are potentially large variations in the provision of services and benefits across states.

C.   states have a much harder time implementing programs than the federal government does.

D.   there is no potential for variation in the provision of services and benefits across states.

A.   an independent agency.

B.   part of the Department of Agriculture.

C.   part of the Department of the Interior.

D.   a government corporation.

A.   900,000

B.   600,000

C.   1.3 million

D.   100,000

A.   independent agency; bureau-level agency

B.   bureau-level agency; Cabinet-level department

C.   Cabinet-level department; bureau-level agency

D.   bureau-level agency; independent agency

A.   charges fees to consumers but carries out governmental responsibilities.

B.   is established by Congress but not part of a Cabinet-level department.

C.   is part of a Cabinet-level department.

D.   is established by the president without congressional approval.

A.   secretary of defense

B.   U.S. Marine Corps

C.   U.S. Army

D.   Department of Homeland Security

A.   the breakdown in the separation of powers between Congress, the federal judiciary, and the president

B.   the inability to reform federal rules without help from the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the president

C.   the domination of a few large companies in the regulation of iron mining and smelting

D.   the stable relationship between a bureaucratic agency, a clientele group, and a legislative committee

A.   Walmart.

B.   Apple.

C.   the U.S. federal government.

D.   Amazon.

A.   the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

B.   the Internal Revenue Service

C.   the Secretary of the Treasury

D.   the Federal Reserve System

A.   The solicitor general is the chief lawyer for Congress who makes advisory opinions on the constitutionality of legislative proposals.

B.   The solicitor general is the lawyer who represents the United States before the Supreme Court in cases where the federal government is a party.

C.   The solicitor general is the chief legal counsel for the White House.

D.   The solicitor general is the head of the Department of Justice.

A.   97

B.   68

C.   50

D.   33

A.   100

B.   160

C.   50

D.   18

A.   defines the jurisdiction of the various state court systems.

B.   sets the procedures for filing appellate cases in the various state court systems.

C.   governs agency rule making.

D.   sets the procedures for filing appellate cases in the federal court system.

A.   the Supreme Court

B.   the bureaucracy

C.   the president

D.   Congress

A.   criminal

B.   civil

C.   constitutional

D.   common

A.   a quid pro quo.

B.   a plea bargain.

C.   an amicus curiae.

D.   a pro bono settlement.

A.   important because differences in wording and emphasis can have important implications for how the decision is interpreted in future litigation.

B.   unimportant because the final vote of the justices is the only statement that carries any weight in future cases.

C.   important because every word of a decision is legally binding.

D.   unimportant because all justices usually describe their decisions in exactly the same way.

A.   one individual charges that he or she has been injured by another’s negligence or malfeasance.

B.   the government immediately appeals the verdict if it loses.

C.   the plaintiff is not allowed to appeal the verdict if he or she loses.

D.   the defendant is not allowed to appeal the verdict if he or she loses.

A.   1789

B.   1803

C.   1911

D.   2016