Creativity is the essence of problem solving.

Creative problem solving requires narrowing the possibilities.

Brainstorming and looking to other places and times are two ways to expand the possibilities to find solutions to ethical problems.

In Japan abortion is rare and they have cemeteries for aborted fetuses.

The concept of “seven generation thinking” is a Hindu concept.

“What if animals dissected students?” is an example of using reversal to get your thinking out of a rut.

Weston used the account of Emmanuel Evans removing chairs from his diner as an example of revisiting outlying parts of an ethical problem.

Time traveling Immanuel Kant to have a discussion with Colin Kaepernick is an example of exaggeration.

Fertility clinics requiring a designated embryo owner in case of divorce is an example of reframing an ethical problem by asking if the problem can be prevented.

Heinz was a young friend of Sartre, who was torn by the ethical dilemma of staying in Paris to help his dying mother or fleeing to England to fight the Nazis.

It is wiser to start with the assumption that a problem is solvable instead of believing it is a dilemma with only two sharply opposed options.

Creative ethical improvement suggests generalizing successful ethical solutions to different ethical problem areas.

It is best to analyze shorter arguments and longer arguments in the same way.

Analyzing an argument by summarizing it is called argument “standardization.”

When paraphrasing another’s argument, the best practice is to present the argument in a watered down or weakened “straw man” format so your reader can more easily understand the argument’s problems.

A good paraphrase of an argument will be as wordy as the original.

An argument with missing premises or a missing conclusion is an “enthymeme.”

When summarizing an extended argument it’s important to include all of the original author’s ideas even if they are unnecessary and irrelevant to their argument.

When summarizing extended arguments it is permissible to represent each idea as a single word or phrase.

When summarizing extended arguments, the conclusion should be stated last and preceded with the word “therefore.”