Biology 6 - General Biology I » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which statement is true regarding life and the law of entropy?
A.
Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.
B.
Life contradicts the law of entropy.
C.
To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.
Question #2
An enzyme is specific to its substrate because _________________________.
A.
its polarity has to be similar to the product's polarity
B.
it has to be the same size as the substrate
C.
the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate
Question #3
Consider an energy-requiring anabolic pathway: A -> B -> C -> D Which statement is FALSE?
A.
D is much smaller than A.
B.
B & C are intermediates.
C.
A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.
Question #4
Consider the metabolic pathway “ A -> B -> C ”. How many different kinds of enzymes are required to complete the metabolic pathway?
A.
4
B.
1
C.
2
D.
3
Question #5
Which one is not associated with catabolic reactions in cells?
A.
synthesize large macromolecules
B.
detoxify toxins
C.
release energy from "fuel" molecules
D.
digest food
Question #6
Activities of common enzymes are inhibited by all of the following conditions except ________________________________.
A.
inside the freezer
B.
boiled
C.
warm moist environment
D.
pH =1
E.
high concentration of its inhibitor
Question #7
The action of enzymes is noncompetitively (allosterically) inhibited by certain poisons by _____________.
A.
occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it
B.
pulling the substrates away from the enzyme
C.
binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site
Question #8
ATP is synthesized in all of the following metabolic pathways except
A.
glycolysis
B.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
C.
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis
D.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
E.
light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis
Question #9
When cell processes require energy to do work
A.
cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.
B.
ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.
C.
ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.
D.
high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.
Question #10
High amounts of __________ are able to turn off aerobic cell respiration.
A.
glucose and pyruvate
B.
H2O and O2
C.
ATP and citric acid
D.
NAD+ and FAD+
Question #11
From an “energy” perspective, which statement properly describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A.
Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.
B.
Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.
C.
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
Question #12
What are the "raw materials" (substrates) for aerobic cell respiration?
A.
energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas
B.
carbon dioxide & water
C.
anti-oxidants & inorganic salts
D.
cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria
Question #13
Which event happens during Krebs (Citric acid) cycle?
A.
The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.
B.
Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.
C.
Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate
D.
Glucose is split into two pyruvates.
Question #14
Which metabolic process will go on even in the absence of oxygen gas?
A.
Glycolysis
B.
Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain
C.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
Question #15
Where in the cell do Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain occur?
A.
plasma membrane
B.
mitochondrion
C.
cytoplasm
D.
chloroplast
Question #16
Which event does NOT occur during glycolysis?
A.
intermediates get oxidized by NAD+
B.
energy is released to produce ATP
C.
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
D.
glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar
Question #17
Why do cells undergo aerobic respiration?
A.
to create energy-rich products
B.
to release carbon dioxide
C.
for energy
D.
to use up oxygen gas
Question #18
Where do the 2-carbon catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter the aerobic respiration pathway?
A.
Glycolysis
B.
Krebs cycle
C.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
D.
Calvin cycle
Question #19
In human cells, what ultimately happens to the high energy electron released during glycolysis if the person is not able to breathe properly?
A.
It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid
B.
It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas
C.
It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.
Question #20
Which molecules coming from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A.
ATP and NADPH
B.
H2O and O2
C.
ADP and NADP+
D.
CO2 and glucose
Question #21
Photosynthesis involves the conversion of ____________________.
A.
light into chemical energy
B.
light into oxygen gas
C.
carbon dioxide int oxygen gas
D.
glucose into lactic acid
Question #22
Why do plant cells photosynthesize?
A.
to breakdown sugar for energy
B.
to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use
C.
to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume
D.
to make energy-rich fuel molecules
Question #23
CAM plants are able to keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water, because they can
A.
store water at night
B.
enhance photorespiration
C.
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night
D.
use a different enzyme to fix CO2
Question #24
When stomates are closed, the buildup of which molecule may harm a photosynthesizing plant leaf?
A.
carbon dioxide
B.
oxygen gas
C.
glucose
D.
water
Question #25
The leaves of a plant being green implies __________________________.
A.
photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy
B.
photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves
C.
green light is absorbed by the leaves
Question #26
Which is a substrate of the light-dependent reaction (linear electron flow) of photosynthesis?
A.
NADPH
B.
glucose
C.
carbon dioxide
D.
water
Question #27
Where in the plant cell does synthesis of sugar during photosynthesis occur?
A.
stroma of the chloroplast
B.
mitochondrioal matrix
C.
thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast
D.
cell's cytoplasm
Question #28
Which type of signaling molecules tend to have intracellular receptors?
A.
peptide-based such as insulin
B.
lipid-based such as steroids
C.
local regulators
D.
small & polar such as Ca ions
Question #29
A hormone binds with a G protein-coupled receptor of a target cell. What immediately happens next?
A.
Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.
B.
Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein
C.
A protein kinase is phosphorylated.
Question #30
Key to the cell’s continuing “receptiveness” to a signal molecule is the
A.
presence of enzyme inhibitors
B.
role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction
C.
reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it
Question #31
Cell signaling originated among multicellular organisms to allow coordination among cells in the different parts of the body; unicellular organisms have no need for it.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #32
Which is TRUE about the signal transduction pathway?
A.
Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.
B.
Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.
C.
Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.
Question #33
A pair of tyrosine kinases (that form a dimer) embedded in the plasma membrane serve as___________ of the signal pathway.
A.
receptors
B.
relay protein
C.
local regulator
D.
second messenger
Question #34
Which event immediately follows the binding of a messenger molecule to an ion channel receptor?
A.
cAMP is formed
B.
ion channel receptor opens up
C.
response protein is activated
Question #35
Which is TRUE about a hormone?
A.
Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it
B.
Second messenger
C.
Relay protein
D.
Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body
Question #36
Plenty of bubbles in raw tissues & no bubble in boiled tissues imply that ______________________.
A.
boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.
B.
there are no enzymes in living tissues.
C.
enzymes destroy living tissues.
D.
boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.
Question #37
A.
beads only
B.
dry peas & beads
C.
soaked peas & beads
D.
soaked peas only
Question #38
Which was the most nonpolar pigment?
A.
grass green chlorophyll a
B.
yellow carotene
C.
yellow green chlorophyll b
D.
purple anthocyanin
Question #39
Consider the experiment that tested the hypothesis that enzyme catalyzes chemical reactions. A tube with milk by itself and tube with milk with rennin (rennet) were set up. What was the independent variable?
A.
presence/absence of milk protein
B.
coagulation
C.
presence/absence of rennin (rennet)
D.
color of the solution inside the test tubes
Question #40
Hot ___________ bath was used to extract (remove) the green pigment from the leaf.
A.
iodine
B.
acetone & petroleum ether
C.
alcohol
D.
water
Question #41
Which process/es was/were occurring in Elodea inside the bottle exposed to light?
A.
Photosynthesis only
B.
Respiration only
C.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
D.
Fermentation only
Question #42
Which variable was measured to indicate that aerobic cell respiration occurred in germinating peas?
A.
amount of O2 consumed
B.
decrease in mass of peas
C.
amount of CO2 released
D.
amount of ATP produced
Question #43
Which evidence demonstrated that enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
A.
All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.
B.
All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.
C.
Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
D.
Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
Question #44
Two bottles contained Elodea in carbon dioxide-saturated water. Bottle A was exposed to light, bottle B was wrapped with aluminum foil. The difference in the amount of CO2 between bottles A & B represented the amount of CO2 _________.
A.
consumed during photosynthesis
B.
released during respiration
C.
released during photosynthesis
D.
consumed during respiration
Question #45
Use the given data to answer the next question: Rf of A = 0.38 Rf of B = 0.45 Rf of C = 0.98 Which was the most polar pigment?
A.
C
B.
B
C.
A
Question #46
The sugar that was combined with water & yeast was
A.
an enzyme needed to make ATP.
B.
an intermediate of the pathway.
C.
final product of the reaction.
D.
the substrate that was broken down.
Question #47
The bubbles in the graduated cylinder & foamy suspension from the flask containing yeast, sugar & water indicated that _______________is occurring.
A.
fermentation
B.
signal transduction
C.
photosynthesis
D.
aerobic respiration
Question #48
Which observed evidence was used to support the hypothesis that chlorophyll is needed to produce starch?
A.
Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.
B.
Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.
C.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.
D.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.
Question #49
The bubbles released from the test tube containing liver & H2O2 were the result of the ____________________.
A.
H2O2 evaporating
B.
enzymes getting denatured
C.
release of O2 from the reaction
D.
boiling of living tissues
Question #50
Baker's yeasts ferment sugar for what purpose?
A.
to convert sugar into starch
B.
to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol
C.
to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration
D.
to release energy needed to make ATP
Question #51
ATP synthase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
C.
covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix
Question #52
kinase
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
Question #53
catalase
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
C.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
Question #54
caspase
A.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
B.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
C.
to release energy needed to make ATP
Question #55
RUBP carboxylase (rubisco)
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #56
active site
A.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #57
hormone/local regulator
A.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
B.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #58
photosystems I & II
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
second messengers
Question #59
NAD/NADP/FADH
A.
second messengers
B.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
C.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
Question #60
Ca ions/cyclic AMP
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
second messengers
C.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
Question #61
Glucose is a(n)
A.
Carbohydrate used as energy source
B.
Fat used for protection
C.
Atom used to make oxygen
D.
Protein used to increase muscle size
Question #62
The energy stored in sugar and fat eaten in the meals is converted into ATP energy by which organelle in the cell?
A.
Chloroplasts
B.
Lysosomes
C.
Ribosomes
D.
Mitochondria
Question #63
What is needed to provide energy for your body?
A.
Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body
B.
Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
C.
Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing
D.
Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy
Question #64
A healthy diet
A.
Can cure any disease
B.
Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes
C.
Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems
D.
Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body
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