Biology 6 - General Biology I » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which statement is true regarding life and the law of entropy?
A.
Life contradicts the law of entropy.
B.
Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.
C.
To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.
Question #2
An enzyme is specific to its substrate because _________________________.
A.
it has to be the same size as the substrate
B.
its polarity has to be similar to the product's polarity
C.
the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate
Question #3
Consider an energy-requiring anabolic pathway: A -> B -> C -> D Which statement is FALSE?
A.
A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.
B.
B & C are intermediates.
C.
D is much smaller than A.
Question #4
Consider the metabolic pathway “ A -> B -> C ”. How many different kinds of enzymes are required to complete the metabolic pathway?
A.
3
B.
2
C.
1
D.
4
Question #5
Which one is not associated with catabolic reactions in cells?
A.
release energy from "fuel" molecules
B.
synthesize large macromolecules
C.
digest food
D.
detoxify toxins
Question #6
Activities of common enzymes are inhibited by all of the following conditions except ________________________________.
A.
warm moist environment
B.
inside the freezer
C.
boiled
D.
high concentration of its inhibitor
E.
pH =1
Question #7
The action of enzymes is noncompetitively (allosterically) inhibited by certain poisons by _____________.
A.
binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site
B.
occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it
C.
pulling the substrates away from the enzyme
Question #8
ATP is synthesized in all of the following metabolic pathways except
A.
glycolysis
B.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
C.
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis
D.
light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis
E.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
Question #9
When cell processes require energy to do work
A.
ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.
B.
ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.
C.
high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.
D.
cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.
Question #10
High amounts of __________ are able to turn off aerobic cell respiration.
A.
H2O and O2
B.
NAD+ and FAD+
C.
ATP and citric acid
D.
glucose and pyruvate
Question #11
From an “energy” perspective, which statement properly describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A.
Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.
B.
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
C.
Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.
Question #12
What are the "raw materials" (substrates) for aerobic cell respiration?
A.
anti-oxidants & inorganic salts
B.
cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria
C.
energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas
D.
carbon dioxide & water
Question #13
Which event happens during Krebs (Citric acid) cycle?
A.
Glucose is split into two pyruvates.
B.
Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate
C.
Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.
D.
The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.
Question #14
Which metabolic process will go on even in the absence of oxygen gas?
A.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
B.
Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain
C.
Glycolysis
Question #15
Where in the cell do Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain occur?
A.
cytoplasm
B.
plasma membrane
C.
mitochondrion
D.
chloroplast
Question #16
Which event does NOT occur during glycolysis?
A.
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
B.
energy is released to produce ATP
C.
glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar
D.
intermediates get oxidized by NAD+
Question #17
Why do cells undergo aerobic respiration?
A.
for energy
B.
to use up oxygen gas
C.
to release carbon dioxide
D.
to create energy-rich products
Question #18
Where do the 2-carbon catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter the aerobic respiration pathway?
A.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
B.
Krebs cycle
C.
Calvin cycle
D.
Glycolysis
Question #19
In human cells, what ultimately happens to the high energy electron released during glycolysis if the person is not able to breathe properly?
A.
It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid
B.
It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.
C.
It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas
Question #20
Which molecules coming from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A.
H2O and O2
B.
ATP and NADPH
C.
ADP and NADP+
D.
CO2 and glucose
Question #21
Photosynthesis involves the conversion of ____________________.
A.
carbon dioxide int oxygen gas
B.
light into chemical energy
C.
glucose into lactic acid
D.
light into oxygen gas
Question #22
Why do plant cells photosynthesize?
A.
to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume
B.
to make energy-rich fuel molecules
C.
to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use
D.
to breakdown sugar for energy
Question #23
CAM plants are able to keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water, because they can
A.
store water at night
B.
use a different enzyme to fix CO2
C.
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night
D.
enhance photorespiration
Question #24
When stomates are closed, the buildup of which molecule may harm a photosynthesizing plant leaf?
A.
water
B.
glucose
C.
oxygen gas
D.
carbon dioxide
Question #25
The leaves of a plant being green implies __________________________.
A.
green light is absorbed by the leaves
B.
photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves
C.
photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy
Question #26
Which is a substrate of the light-dependent reaction (linear electron flow) of photosynthesis?
A.
carbon dioxide
B.
water
C.
NADPH
D.
glucose
Question #27
Where in the plant cell does synthesis of sugar during photosynthesis occur?
A.
stroma of the chloroplast
B.
thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast
C.
cell's cytoplasm
D.
mitochondrioal matrix
Question #28
Which type of signaling molecules tend to have intracellular receptors?
A.
local regulators
B.
peptide-based such as insulin
C.
lipid-based such as steroids
D.
small & polar such as Ca ions
Question #29
A hormone binds with a G protein-coupled receptor of a target cell. What immediately happens next?
A.
Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein
B.
A protein kinase is phosphorylated.
C.
Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.
Question #30
Key to the cell’s continuing “receptiveness” to a signal molecule is the
A.
role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction
B.
presence of enzyme inhibitors
C.
reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it
Question #31
Cell signaling originated among multicellular organisms to allow coordination among cells in the different parts of the body; unicellular organisms have no need for it.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #32
Which is TRUE about the signal transduction pathway?
A.
Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.
B.
Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.
C.
Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.
Question #33
A pair of tyrosine kinases (that form a dimer) embedded in the plasma membrane serve as___________ of the signal pathway.
A.
second messenger
B.
relay protein
C.
receptors
D.
local regulator
Question #34
Which event immediately follows the binding of a messenger molecule to an ion channel receptor?
A.
cAMP is formed
B.
response protein is activated
C.
ion channel receptor opens up
Question #35
Which is TRUE about a hormone?
A.
Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it
B.
Relay protein
C.
Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body
D.
Second messenger
Question #36
Plenty of bubbles in raw tissues & no bubble in boiled tissues imply that ______________________.
A.
there are no enzymes in living tissues.
B.
boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.
C.
enzymes destroy living tissues.
D.
boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.
Question #37
In the lab exercise on cell respiration in peas, the vial with __________ was a control for the possible unexpected changes in gas volume not related to cell respiration.
A.
dry peas & beads
B.
beads only
C.
soaked peas only
D.
soaked peas & beads
Question #38
Which was the most nonpolar pigment?
A.
yellow green chlorophyll b
B.
purple anthocyanin
C.
grass green chlorophyll a
D.
yellow carotene
Question #39
Consider the experiment that tested the hypothesis that enzyme catalyzes chemical reactions. A tube with milk by itself and tube with milk with rennin (rennet) were set up. What was the independent variable?
A.
presence/absence of milk protein
B.
color of the solution inside the test tubes
C.
coagulation
D.
presence/absence of rennin (rennet)
Question #40
Hot ___________ bath was used to extract (remove) the green pigment from the leaf.
A.
water
B.
acetone & petroleum ether
C.
iodine
D.
alcohol
Question #41
Which process/es was/were occurring in Elodea inside the bottle exposed to light?
A.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
B.
Photosynthesis only
C.
Respiration only
D.
Fermentation only
Question #42
Which variable was measured to indicate that aerobic cell respiration occurred in germinating peas?
A.
decrease in mass of peas
B.
amount of O2 consumed
C.
amount of CO2 released
D.
amount of ATP produced
Question #43
Which evidence demonstrated that enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
A.
Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
B.
Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
C.
All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.
D.
All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.
Question #44
Two bottles contained Elodea in carbon dioxide-saturated water. Bottle A was exposed to light, bottle B was wrapped with aluminum foil. The difference in the amount of CO2 between bottles A & B represented the amount of CO2 _________.
A.
consumed during photosynthesis
B.
consumed during respiration
C.
released during respiration
D.
released during photosynthesis
Question #45
Use the given data to answer the next question: Rf of A = 0.38 Rf of B = 0.45 Rf of C = 0.98 Which was the most polar pigment?
A.
A
B.
B
C.
C
Question #46
A.
the substrate that was broken down.
B.
final product of the reaction.
C.
an intermediate of the pathway.
D.
an enzyme needed to make ATP.
Question #47
The bubbles in the graduated cylinder & foamy suspension from the flask containing yeast, sugar & water indicated that _______________is occurring.
A.
fermentation
B.
aerobic respiration
C.
signal transduction
D.
photosynthesis
Question #48
Which observed evidence was used to support the hypothesis that chlorophyll is needed to produce starch?
A.
Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.
B.
Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.
C.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.
D.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.
Question #49
The bubbles released from the test tube containing liver & H2O2 were the result of the ____________________.
A.
release of O2 from the reaction
B.
H2O2 evaporating
C.
enzymes getting denatured
D.
boiling of living tissues
Question #50
Baker's yeasts ferment sugar for what purpose?
A.
to release energy needed to make ATP
B.
to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol
C.
to convert sugar into starch
D.
to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration
Question #51
ATP synthase
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #52
kinase
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
Question #53
catalase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
C.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #54
caspase
A.
to release energy needed to make ATP
B.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #55
RUBP carboxylase (rubisco)
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
C.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #56
active site
A.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #57
hormone/local regulator
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #58
photosystems I & II
A.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
B.
second messengers
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #59
NAD/NADP/FADH
A.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
B.
second messengers
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #60
Ca ions/cyclic AMP
A.
second messengers
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #61
Glucose is a(n)
A.
Protein used to increase muscle size
B.
Fat used for protection
C.
Atom used to make oxygen
D.
Carbohydrate used as energy source
Question #62
The energy stored in sugar and fat eaten in the meals is converted into ATP energy by which organelle in the cell?
A.
Chloroplasts
B.
Mitochondria
C.
Ribosomes
D.
Lysosomes
Question #63
What is needed to provide energy for your body?
A.
Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
B.
Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy
C.
Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body
D.
Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing
Question #64
A healthy diet
A.
Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body
B.
Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes
C.
Can cure any disease
D.
Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems
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