Biology 6 - General Biology I » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which statement is true regarding life and the law of entropy?
A.
Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.
B.
To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.
C.
Life contradicts the law of entropy.
Question #2
An enzyme is specific to its substrate because _________________________.
A.
it has to be the same size as the substrate
B.
its polarity has to be similar to the product's polarity
C.
the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate
Question #3
Consider an energy-requiring anabolic pathway: A -> B -> C -> D Which statement is FALSE?
A.
D is much smaller than A.
B.
B & C are intermediates.
C.
A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.
Question #4
Consider the metabolic pathway “ A -> B -> C ”. How many different kinds of enzymes are required to complete the metabolic pathway?
A.
2
B.
1
C.
3
D.
4
Question #5
Which one is not associated with catabolic reactions in cells?
A.
synthesize large macromolecules
B.
release energy from "fuel" molecules
C.
digest food
D.
detoxify toxins
Question #6
Activities of common enzymes are inhibited by all of the following conditions except ________________________________.
A.
warm moist environment
B.
pH =1
C.
high concentration of its inhibitor
D.
boiled
E.
inside the freezer
Question #7
The action of enzymes is noncompetitively (allosterically) inhibited by certain poisons by _____________.
A.
binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site
B.
pulling the substrates away from the enzyme
C.
occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it
Question #8
ATP is synthesized in all of the following metabolic pathways except
A.
glycolysis
B.
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis
C.
light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis
D.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
E.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
Question #9
When cell processes require energy to do work
A.
ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.
B.
high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.
C.
ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.
D.
cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.
Question #10
High amounts of __________ are able to turn off aerobic cell respiration.
A.
glucose and pyruvate
B.
NAD+ and FAD+
C.
ATP and citric acid
D.
H2O and O2
Question #11
From an “energy” perspective, which statement properly describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A.
Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.
B.
Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.
C.
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
Question #12
What are the "raw materials" (substrates) for aerobic cell respiration?
A.
carbon dioxide & water
B.
energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas
C.
anti-oxidants & inorganic salts
D.
cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria
Question #13
Which event happens during Krebs (Citric acid) cycle?
A.
The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.
B.
Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.
C.
Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate
D.
Glucose is split into two pyruvates.
Question #14
Which metabolic process will go on even in the absence of oxygen gas?
A.
Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain
B.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
C.
Glycolysis
Question #15
Where in the cell do Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain occur?
A.
cytoplasm
B.
mitochondrion
C.
plasma membrane
D.
chloroplast
Question #16
Which event does NOT occur during glycolysis?
A.
energy is released to produce ATP
B.
glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar
C.
intermediates get oxidized by NAD+
D.
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
Question #17
Why do cells undergo aerobic respiration?
A.
to release carbon dioxide
B.
to create energy-rich products
C.
for energy
D.
to use up oxygen gas
Question #18
Where do the 2-carbon catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter the aerobic respiration pathway?
A.
Krebs cycle
B.
Calvin cycle
C.
Glycolysis
D.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
Question #19
In human cells, what ultimately happens to the high energy electron released during glycolysis if the person is not able to breathe properly?
A.
It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.
B.
It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas
C.
It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid
Question #20
Which molecules coming from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A.
CO2 and glucose
B.
H2O and O2
C.
ADP and NADP+
D.
ATP and NADPH
Question #21
Photosynthesis involves the conversion of ____________________.
A.
glucose into lactic acid
B.
light into oxygen gas
C.
light into chemical energy
D.
carbon dioxide int oxygen gas
Question #22
Why do plant cells photosynthesize?
A.
to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use
B.
to make energy-rich fuel molecules
C.
to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume
D.
to breakdown sugar for energy
Question #23
CAM plants are able to keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water, because they can
A.
enhance photorespiration
B.
store water at night
C.
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night
D.
use a different enzyme to fix CO2
Question #24
When stomates are closed, the buildup of which molecule may harm a photosynthesizing plant leaf?
A.
water
B.
carbon dioxide
C.
glucose
D.
oxygen gas
Question #25
The leaves of a plant being green implies __________________________.
A.
green light is absorbed by the leaves
B.
photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves
C.
photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy
Question #26
Which is a substrate of the light-dependent reaction (linear electron flow) of photosynthesis?
A.
water
B.
glucose
C.
NADPH
D.
carbon dioxide
Question #27
Where in the plant cell does synthesis of sugar during photosynthesis occur?
A.
cell's cytoplasm
B.
thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast
C.
stroma of the chloroplast
D.
mitochondrioal matrix
Question #28
Which type of signaling molecules tend to have intracellular receptors?
A.
small & polar such as Ca ions
B.
lipid-based such as steroids
C.
local regulators
D.
peptide-based such as insulin
Question #29
A hormone binds with a G protein-coupled receptor of a target cell. What immediately happens next?
A.
Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.
B.
Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein
C.
A protein kinase is phosphorylated.
Question #30
Key to the cell’s continuing “receptiveness” to a signal molecule is the
A.
reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it
B.
role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction
C.
presence of enzyme inhibitors
Question #31
Cell signaling originated among multicellular organisms to allow coordination among cells in the different parts of the body; unicellular organisms have no need for it.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #32
Which is TRUE about the signal transduction pathway?
A.
Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.
B.
Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.
C.
Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.
Question #33
A pair of tyrosine kinases (that form a dimer) embedded in the plasma membrane serve as___________ of the signal pathway.
A.
relay protein
B.
second messenger
C.
local regulator
D.
receptors
Question #34
Which event immediately follows the binding of a messenger molecule to an ion channel receptor?
A.
cAMP is formed
B.
ion channel receptor opens up
C.
response protein is activated
Question #35
Which is TRUE about a hormone?
A.
Second messenger
B.
Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it
C.
Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body
D.
Relay protein
Question #36
Plenty of bubbles in raw tissues & no bubble in boiled tissues imply that ______________________.
A.
there are no enzymes in living tissues.
B.
boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.
C.
boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.
D.
enzymes destroy living tissues.
Question #37
In the lab exercise on cell respiration in peas, the vial with __________ was a control for the possible unexpected changes in gas volume not related to cell respiration.
A.
soaked peas only
B.
soaked peas & beads
C.
dry peas & beads
D.
beads only
Question #38
Which was the most nonpolar pigment?
A.
yellow green chlorophyll b
B.
purple anthocyanin
C.
yellow carotene
D.
grass green chlorophyll a
Question #39
Consider the experiment that tested the hypothesis that enzyme catalyzes chemical reactions. A tube with milk by itself and tube with milk with rennin (rennet) were set up. What was the independent variable?
A.
presence/absence of milk protein
B.
presence/absence of rennin (rennet)
C.
coagulation
D.
color of the solution inside the test tubes
Question #40
Hot ___________ bath was used to extract (remove) the green pigment from the leaf.
A.
iodine
B.
acetone & petroleum ether
C.
water
D.
alcohol
Question #41
Which process/es was/were occurring in Elodea inside the bottle exposed to light?
A.
Respiration only
B.
Photosynthesis only
C.
Fermentation only
D.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
Question #42
Which variable was measured to indicate that aerobic cell respiration occurred in germinating peas?
A.
amount of CO2 released
B.
amount of ATP produced
C.
decrease in mass of peas
D.
amount of O2 consumed
Question #43
Which evidence demonstrated that enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
A.
Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
B.
Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
C.
All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.
D.
All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.
Question #44
Two bottles contained Elodea in carbon dioxide-saturated water. Bottle A was exposed to light, bottle B was wrapped with aluminum foil. The difference in the amount of CO2 between bottles A & B represented the amount of CO2 _________.
A.
consumed during photosynthesis
B.
consumed during respiration
C.
released during respiration
D.
released during photosynthesis
Question #45
Use the given data to answer the next question: Rf of A = 0.38 Rf of B = 0.45 Rf of C = 0.98 Which was the most polar pigment?
A.
C
B.
A
C.
B
Question #46
The sugar that was combined with water & yeast was
A.
an enzyme needed to make ATP.
B.
the substrate that was broken down.
C.
an intermediate of the pathway.
D.
final product of the reaction.
Question #47
The bubbles in the graduated cylinder & foamy suspension from the flask containing yeast, sugar & water indicated that _______________is occurring.
A.
aerobic respiration
B.
fermentation
C.
photosynthesis
D.
signal transduction
Question #48
Which observed evidence was used to support the hypothesis that chlorophyll is needed to produce starch?
A.
Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.
B.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.
C.
Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.
D.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.
Question #49
The bubbles released from the test tube containing liver & H2O2 were the result of the ____________________.
A.
release of O2 from the reaction
B.
enzymes getting denatured
C.
boiling of living tissues
D.
H2O2 evaporating
Question #50
Baker's yeasts ferment sugar for what purpose?
A.
to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration
B.
to convert sugar into starch
C.
to release energy needed to make ATP
D.
to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol
Question #51
ATP synthase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
C.
covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix
Question #52
kinase
A.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #53
catalase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
C.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
Question #54
caspase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
to release energy needed to make ATP
C.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
Question #55
RUBP carboxylase (rubisco)
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
C.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
Question #56
active site
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #57
hormone/local regulator
A.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #58
photosystems I & II
A.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
second messengers
Question #59
NAD/NADP/FADH
A.
second messengers
B.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
C.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
Question #60
Ca ions/cyclic AMP
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
second messengers
Question #61
Glucose is a(n)
A.
Protein used to increase muscle size
B.
Fat used for protection
C.
Carbohydrate used as energy source
D.
Atom used to make oxygen
Question #62
The energy stored in sugar and fat eaten in the meals is converted into ATP energy by which organelle in the cell?
A.
Ribosomes
B.
Chloroplasts
C.
Lysosomes
D.
Mitochondria
Question #63
What is needed to provide energy for your body?
A.
Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy
B.
Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
C.
Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body
D.
Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing
Question #64
A healthy diet
A.
Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems
B.
Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes
C.
Can cure any disease
D.
Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body
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