Biology 6 - General Biology I » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which statement is true regarding life and the law of entropy?
A.
Life contradicts the law of entropy.
B.
To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.
C.
Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.
Question #2
An enzyme is specific to its substrate because _________________________.
A.
the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate
B.
its polarity has to be similar to the product's polarity
C.
it has to be the same size as the substrate
Question #3
Consider an energy-requiring anabolic pathway: A -> B -> C -> D Which statement is FALSE?
A.
B & C are intermediates.
B.
A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.
C.
D is much smaller than A.
Question #4
Consider the metabolic pathway “ A -> B -> C ”. How many different kinds of enzymes are required to complete the metabolic pathway?
A.
3
B.
2
C.
1
D.
4
Question #5
Which one is not associated with catabolic reactions in cells?
A.
detoxify toxins
B.
synthesize large macromolecules
C.
release energy from "fuel" molecules
D.
digest food
Question #6
Activities of common enzymes are inhibited by all of the following conditions except ________________________________.
A.
warm moist environment
B.
inside the freezer
C.
high concentration of its inhibitor
D.
pH =1
E.
boiled
Question #7
The action of enzymes is noncompetitively (allosterically) inhibited by certain poisons by _____________.
A.
occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it
B.
pulling the substrates away from the enzyme
C.
binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site
Question #8
ATP is synthesized in all of the following metabolic pathways except
A.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
B.
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis
C.
glycolysis
D.
light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis
E.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
Question #9
When cell processes require energy to do work
A.
high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.
B.
ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.
C.
ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.
D.
cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.
Question #10
High amounts of __________ are able to turn off aerobic cell respiration.
A.
H2O and O2
B.
NAD+ and FAD+
C.
ATP and citric acid
D.
glucose and pyruvate
Question #11
From an “energy” perspective, which statement properly describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A.
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
B.
Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.
C.
Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.
Question #12
What are the "raw materials" (substrates) for aerobic cell respiration?
A.
carbon dioxide & water
B.
anti-oxidants & inorganic salts
C.
cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria
D.
energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas
Question #13
Which event happens during Krebs (Citric acid) cycle?
A.
Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate
B.
The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.
C.
Glucose is split into two pyruvates.
D.
Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.
Question #14
Which metabolic process will go on even in the absence of oxygen gas?
A.
Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain
B.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
C.
Glycolysis
Question #15
Where in the cell do Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain occur?
A.
cytoplasm
B.
mitochondrion
C.
chloroplast
D.
plasma membrane
Question #16
Which event does NOT occur during glycolysis?
A.
energy is released to produce ATP
B.
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
C.
glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar
D.
intermediates get oxidized by NAD+
Question #17
Why do cells undergo aerobic respiration?
A.
to create energy-rich products
B.
to use up oxygen gas
C.
to release carbon dioxide
D.
for energy
Question #18
Where do the 2-carbon catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter the aerobic respiration pathway?
A.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
B.
Krebs cycle
C.
Calvin cycle
D.
Glycolysis
Question #19
In human cells, what ultimately happens to the high energy electron released during glycolysis if the person is not able to breathe properly?
A.
It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.
B.
It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid
C.
It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas
Question #20
Which molecules coming from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A.
ATP and NADPH
B.
H2O and O2
C.
CO2 and glucose
D.
ADP and NADP+
Question #21
Photosynthesis involves the conversion of ____________________.
A.
glucose into lactic acid
B.
light into oxygen gas
C.
carbon dioxide int oxygen gas
D.
light into chemical energy
Question #22
Why do plant cells photosynthesize?
A.
to breakdown sugar for energy
B.
to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume
C.
to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use
D.
to make energy-rich fuel molecules
Question #23
CAM plants are able to keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water, because they can
A.
enhance photorespiration
B.
store water at night
C.
use a different enzyme to fix CO2
D.
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night
Question #24
When stomates are closed, the buildup of which molecule may harm a photosynthesizing plant leaf?
A.
water
B.
carbon dioxide
C.
oxygen gas
D.
glucose
Question #25
The leaves of a plant being green implies __________________________.
A.
photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy
B.
green light is absorbed by the leaves
C.
photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves
Question #26
Which is a substrate of the light-dependent reaction (linear electron flow) of photosynthesis?
A.
glucose
B.
carbon dioxide
C.
water
D.
NADPH
Question #27
Where in the plant cell does synthesis of sugar during photosynthesis occur?
A.
stroma of the chloroplast
B.
thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast
C.
cell's cytoplasm
D.
mitochondrioal matrix
Question #28
Which type of signaling molecules tend to have intracellular receptors?
A.
local regulators
B.
peptide-based such as insulin
C.
small & polar such as Ca ions
D.
lipid-based such as steroids
Question #29
A hormone binds with a G protein-coupled receptor of a target cell. What immediately happens next?
A.
Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein
B.
A protein kinase is phosphorylated.
C.
Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.
Question #30
Key to the cell’s continuing “receptiveness” to a signal molecule is the
A.
reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it
B.
presence of enzyme inhibitors
C.
role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction
Question #31
Cell signaling originated among multicellular organisms to allow coordination among cells in the different parts of the body; unicellular organisms have no need for it.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #32
Which is TRUE about the signal transduction pathway?
A.
Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.
B.
Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.
C.
Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.
Question #33
A pair of tyrosine kinases (that form a dimer) embedded in the plasma membrane serve as___________ of the signal pathway.
A.
local regulator
B.
relay protein
C.
receptors
D.
second messenger
Question #34
Which event immediately follows the binding of a messenger molecule to an ion channel receptor?
A.
ion channel receptor opens up
B.
response protein is activated
C.
cAMP is formed
Question #35
Which is TRUE about a hormone?
A.
Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it
B.
Second messenger
C.
Relay protein
D.
Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body
Question #36
Plenty of bubbles in raw tissues & no bubble in boiled tissues imply that ______________________.
A.
boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.
B.
enzymes destroy living tissues.
C.
boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.
D.
there are no enzymes in living tissues.
Question #37
In the lab exercise on cell respiration in peas, the vial with __________ was a control for the possible unexpected changes in gas volume not related to cell respiration.
A.
soaked peas only
B.
soaked peas & beads
C.
dry peas & beads
D.
beads only
Question #38
Which was the most nonpolar pigment?
A.
purple anthocyanin
B.
grass green chlorophyll a
C.
yellow carotene
D.
yellow green chlorophyll b
Question #39
Consider the experiment that tested the hypothesis that enzyme catalyzes chemical reactions. A tube with milk by itself and tube with milk with rennin (rennet) were set up. What was the independent variable?
A.
presence/absence of rennin (rennet)
B.
coagulation
C.
presence/absence of milk protein
D.
color of the solution inside the test tubes
Question #40
Hot ___________ bath was used to extract (remove) the green pigment from the leaf.
A.
alcohol
B.
acetone & petroleum ether
C.
iodine
D.
water
Question #41
Which process/es was/were occurring in Elodea inside the bottle exposed to light?
A.
Fermentation only
B.
Respiration only
C.
Photosynthesis only
D.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
Question #42
Which variable was measured to indicate that aerobic cell respiration occurred in germinating peas?
A.
amount of CO2 released
B.
amount of ATP produced
C.
amount of O2 consumed
D.
decrease in mass of peas
Question #43
Which evidence demonstrated that enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
A.
All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.
B.
Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
C.
Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
D.
All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.
Question #44
Two bottles contained Elodea in carbon dioxide-saturated water. Bottle A was exposed to light, bottle B was wrapped with aluminum foil. The difference in the amount of CO2 between bottles A & B represented the amount of CO2 _________.
A.
released during respiration
B.
released during photosynthesis
C.
consumed during respiration
D.
consumed during photosynthesis
Question #45
Use the given data to answer the next question: Rf of A = 0.38 Rf of B = 0.45 Rf of C = 0.98 Which was the most polar pigment?
A.
C
B.
A
C.
B
Question #46
The sugar that was combined with water & yeast was
A.
an intermediate of the pathway.
B.
the substrate that was broken down.
C.
an enzyme needed to make ATP.
D.
final product of the reaction.
Question #47
The bubbles in the graduated cylinder & foamy suspension from the flask containing yeast, sugar & water indicated that _______________is occurring.
A.
photosynthesis
B.
signal transduction
C.
aerobic respiration
D.
fermentation
Question #48
Which observed evidence was used to support the hypothesis that chlorophyll is needed to produce starch?
A.
Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.
B.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.
C.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.
D.
Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.
Question #49
The bubbles released from the test tube containing liver & H2O2 were the result of the ____________________.
A.
enzymes getting denatured
B.
boiling of living tissues
C.
H2O2 evaporating
D.
release of O2 from the reaction
Question #50
Baker's yeasts ferment sugar for what purpose?
A.
to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol
B.
to convert sugar into starch
C.
to release energy needed to make ATP
D.
to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration
Question #51
ATP synthase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
C.
covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix
Question #52
kinase
A.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #53
catalase
A.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #54
caspase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
to release energy needed to make ATP
C.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
Question #55
RUBP carboxylase (rubisco)
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #56
active site
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #57
hormone/local regulator
A.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
B.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #58
photosystems I & II
A.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
second messengers
Question #59
NAD/NADP/FADH
A.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
B.
second messengers
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #60
Ca ions/cyclic AMP
A.
second messengers
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
Question #61
Glucose is a(n)
A.
Atom used to make oxygen
B.
Fat used for protection
C.
Protein used to increase muscle size
D.
Carbohydrate used as energy source
Question #62
The energy stored in sugar and fat eaten in the meals is converted into ATP energy by which organelle in the cell?
A.
Mitochondria
B.
Chloroplasts
C.
Lysosomes
D.
Ribosomes
Question #63
What is needed to provide energy for your body?
A.
Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy
B.
Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
C.
Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing
D.
Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body
Question #64
A healthy diet
A.
Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes
B.
Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems
C.
Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body
D.
Can cure any disease
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