Biology 6 - General Biology I » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which statement is true regarding life and the law of entropy?
A.
To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.
B.
Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.
C.
Life contradicts the law of entropy.
Question #2
An enzyme is specific to its substrate because _________________________.
A.
its polarity has to be similar to the product's polarity
B.
it has to be the same size as the substrate
C.
the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate
Question #3
Consider an energy-requiring anabolic pathway: A -> B -> C -> D Which statement is FALSE?
A.
D is much smaller than A.
B.
A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.
C.
B & C are intermediates.
Question #4
Consider the metabolic pathway “ A -> B -> C ”. How many different kinds of enzymes are required to complete the metabolic pathway?
A.
1
B.
4
C.
2
D.
3
Question #5
Which one is not associated with catabolic reactions in cells?
A.
synthesize large macromolecules
B.
digest food
C.
release energy from "fuel" molecules
D.
detoxify toxins
Question #6
Activities of common enzymes are inhibited by all of the following conditions except ________________________________.
A.
pH =1
B.
inside the freezer
C.
boiled
D.
warm moist environment
E.
high concentration of its inhibitor
Question #7
The action of enzymes is noncompetitively (allosterically) inhibited by certain poisons by _____________.
A.
pulling the substrates away from the enzyme
B.
occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it
C.
binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site
Question #8
ATP is synthesized in all of the following metabolic pathways except
A.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
B.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
C.
glycolysis
D.
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis
E.
light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis
Question #9
When cell processes require energy to do work
A.
ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.
B.
high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.
C.
ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.
D.
cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.
Question #10
High amounts of __________ are able to turn off aerobic cell respiration.
A.
glucose and pyruvate
B.
ATP and citric acid
C.
NAD+ and FAD+
D.
H2O and O2
Question #11
From an “energy” perspective, which statement properly describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A.
Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.
B.
Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.
C.
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
Question #12
What are the "raw materials" (substrates) for aerobic cell respiration?
A.
carbon dioxide & water
B.
cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria
C.
energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas
D.
anti-oxidants & inorganic salts
Question #13
Which event happens during Krebs (Citric acid) cycle?
A.
Glucose is split into two pyruvates.
B.
The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.
C.
Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate
D.
Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.
Question #14
Which metabolic process will go on even in the absence of oxygen gas?
A.
Glycolysis
B.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
C.
Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain
Question #15
Where in the cell do Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain occur?
A.
plasma membrane
B.
cytoplasm
C.
chloroplast
D.
mitochondrion
Question #16
Which event does NOT occur during glycolysis?
A.
energy is released to produce ATP
B.
intermediates get oxidized by NAD+
C.
glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar
D.
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
Question #17
Why do cells undergo aerobic respiration?
A.
to release carbon dioxide
B.
to use up oxygen gas
C.
for energy
D.
to create energy-rich products
Question #18
Where do the 2-carbon catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter the aerobic respiration pathway?
A.
Krebs cycle
B.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
C.
Calvin cycle
D.
Glycolysis
Question #19
In human cells, what ultimately happens to the high energy electron released during glycolysis if the person is not able to breathe properly?
A.
It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.
B.
It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid
C.
It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas
Question #20
Which molecules coming from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A.
H2O and O2
B.
ADP and NADP+
C.
CO2 and glucose
D.
ATP and NADPH
Question #21
Photosynthesis involves the conversion of ____________________.
A.
light into chemical energy
B.
glucose into lactic acid
C.
light into oxygen gas
D.
carbon dioxide int oxygen gas
Question #22
Why do plant cells photosynthesize?
A.
to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume
B.
to make energy-rich fuel molecules
C.
to breakdown sugar for energy
D.
to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use
Question #23
CAM plants are able to keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water, because they can
A.
use a different enzyme to fix CO2
B.
store water at night
C.
enhance photorespiration
D.
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night
Question #24
When stomates are closed, the buildup of which molecule may harm a photosynthesizing plant leaf?
A.
oxygen gas
B.
water
C.
carbon dioxide
D.
glucose
Question #25
The leaves of a plant being green implies __________________________.
A.
photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves
B.
photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy
C.
green light is absorbed by the leaves
Question #26
Which is a substrate of the light-dependent reaction (linear electron flow) of photosynthesis?
A.
carbon dioxide
B.
glucose
C.
NADPH
D.
water
Question #27
Where in the plant cell does synthesis of sugar during photosynthesis occur?
A.
cell's cytoplasm
B.
mitochondrioal matrix
C.
thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast
D.
stroma of the chloroplast
Question #28
Which type of signaling molecules tend to have intracellular receptors?
A.
lipid-based such as steroids
B.
local regulators
C.
small & polar such as Ca ions
D.
peptide-based such as insulin
Question #29
A hormone binds with a G protein-coupled receptor of a target cell. What immediately happens next?
A.
Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein
B.
A protein kinase is phosphorylated.
C.
Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.
Question #30
Key to the cell’s continuing “receptiveness” to a signal molecule is the
A.
presence of enzyme inhibitors
B.
reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it
C.
role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction
Question #31
Cell signaling originated among multicellular organisms to allow coordination among cells in the different parts of the body; unicellular organisms have no need for it.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #32
Which is TRUE about the signal transduction pathway?
A.
Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.
B.
Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.
C.
Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.
Question #33
A pair of tyrosine kinases (that form a dimer) embedded in the plasma membrane serve as___________ of the signal pathway.
A.
relay protein
B.
second messenger
C.
local regulator
D.
receptors
Question #34
Which event immediately follows the binding of a messenger molecule to an ion channel receptor?
A.
ion channel receptor opens up
B.
response protein is activated
C.
cAMP is formed
Question #35
Which is TRUE about a hormone?
A.
Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it
B.
Second messenger
C.
Relay protein
D.
Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body
Question #36
Plenty of bubbles in raw tissues & no bubble in boiled tissues imply that ______________________.
A.
enzymes destroy living tissues.
B.
boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.
C.
boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.
D.
there are no enzymes in living tissues.
Question #37
In the lab exercise on cell respiration in peas, the vial with __________ was a control for the possible unexpected changes in gas volume not related to cell respiration.
A.
soaked peas only
B.
beads only
C.
soaked peas & beads
D.
dry peas & beads
Question #38
Which was the most nonpolar pigment?
A.
yellow green chlorophyll b
B.
grass green chlorophyll a
C.
yellow carotene
D.
purple anthocyanin
Question #39
Consider the experiment that tested the hypothesis that enzyme catalyzes chemical reactions. A tube with milk by itself and tube with milk with rennin (rennet) were set up. What was the independent variable?
A.
color of the solution inside the test tubes
B.
coagulation
C.
presence/absence of rennin (rennet)
D.
presence/absence of milk protein
Question #40
Hot ___________ bath was used to extract (remove) the green pigment from the leaf.
A.
alcohol
B.
iodine
C.
water
D.
acetone & petroleum ether
Question #41
Which process/es was/were occurring in Elodea inside the bottle exposed to light?
A.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
B.
Respiration only
C.
Fermentation only
D.
Photosynthesis only
Question #42
Which variable was measured to indicate that aerobic cell respiration occurred in germinating peas?
A.
amount of ATP produced
B.
decrease in mass of peas
C.
amount of O2 consumed
D.
amount of CO2 released
Question #43
Which evidence demonstrated that enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
A.
Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
B.
Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
C.
All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.
D.
All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.
Question #44
Two bottles contained Elodea in carbon dioxide-saturated water. Bottle A was exposed to light, bottle B was wrapped with aluminum foil. The difference in the amount of CO2 between bottles A & B represented the amount of CO2 _________.
A.
released during photosynthesis
B.
released during respiration
C.
consumed during respiration
D.
consumed during photosynthesis
Question #45
Use the given data to answer the next question: Rf of A = 0.38 Rf of B = 0.45 Rf of C = 0.98 Which was the most polar pigment?
A.
A
B.
B
C.
C
Question #46
The sugar that was combined with water & yeast was
A.
an intermediate of the pathway.
B.
the substrate that was broken down.
C.
an enzyme needed to make ATP.
D.
final product of the reaction.
Question #47
The bubbles in the graduated cylinder & foamy suspension from the flask containing yeast, sugar & water indicated that _______________is occurring.
A.
signal transduction
B.
aerobic respiration
C.
photosynthesis
D.
fermentation
Question #48
Which observed evidence was used to support the hypothesis that chlorophyll is needed to produce starch?
A.
Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.
B.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.
C.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.
D.
Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.
Question #49
The bubbles released from the test tube containing liver & H2O2 were the result of the ____________________.
A.
release of O2 from the reaction
B.
enzymes getting denatured
C.
H2O2 evaporating
D.
boiling of living tissues
Question #50
Baker's yeasts ferment sugar for what purpose?
A.
to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration
B.
to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol
C.
to convert sugar into starch
D.
to release energy needed to make ATP
Question #51
ATP synthase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
C.
covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix
Question #52
kinase
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
Question #53
catalase
A.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #54
caspase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
to release energy needed to make ATP
C.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
Question #55
RUBP carboxylase (rubisco)
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
C.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #56
active site
A.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
Question #57
hormone/local regulator
A.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
B.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #58
photosystems I & II
A.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
second messengers
Question #59
NAD/NADP/FADH
A.
second messengers
B.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #60
Ca ions/cyclic AMP
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
second messengers
C.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
Question #61
Glucose is a(n)
A.
Protein used to increase muscle size
B.
Atom used to make oxygen
C.
Fat used for protection
D.
Carbohydrate used as energy source
Question #62
The energy stored in sugar and fat eaten in the meals is converted into ATP energy by which organelle in the cell?
A.
Ribosomes
B.
Mitochondria
C.
Lysosomes
D.
Chloroplasts
Question #63
What is needed to provide energy for your body?
A.
Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing
B.
Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body
C.
Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
D.
Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy
Question #64
A healthy diet
A.
Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes
B.
Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body
C.
Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems
D.
Can cure any disease
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