Biology 6 - General Biology I » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which statement is true regarding life and the law of entropy?
A.
Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.
B.
Life contradicts the law of entropy.
C.
To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.
Question #2
An enzyme is specific to its substrate because _________________________.
A.
its polarity has to be similar to the product's polarity
B.
the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate
C.
it has to be the same size as the substrate
Question #3
Consider an energy-requiring anabolic pathway: A -> B -> C -> D Which statement is FALSE?
A.
A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.
B.
D is much smaller than A.
C.
B & C are intermediates.
Question #4
Consider the metabolic pathway “ A -> B -> C ”. How many different kinds of enzymes are required to complete the metabolic pathway?
A.
3
B.
2
C.
4
D.
1
Question #5
Which one is not associated with catabolic reactions in cells?
A.
release energy from "fuel" molecules
B.
digest food
C.
synthesize large macromolecules
D.
detoxify toxins
Question #6
Activities of common enzymes are inhibited by all of the following conditions except ________________________________.
A.
warm moist environment
B.
pH =1
C.
high concentration of its inhibitor
D.
boiled
E.
inside the freezer
Question #7
The action of enzymes is noncompetitively (allosterically) inhibited by certain poisons by _____________.
A.
binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site
B.
occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it
C.
pulling the substrates away from the enzyme
Question #8
ATP is synthesized in all of the following metabolic pathways except
A.
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis
B.
light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis
C.
glycolysis
D.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
E.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
Question #9
When cell processes require energy to do work
A.
ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.
B.
cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.
C.
ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.
D.
high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.
Question #10
High amounts of __________ are able to turn off aerobic cell respiration.
A.
H2O and O2
B.
NAD+ and FAD+
C.
ATP and citric acid
D.
glucose and pyruvate
Question #11
From an “energy” perspective, which statement properly describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A.
Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.
B.
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
C.
Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.
Question #12
What are the "raw materials" (substrates) for aerobic cell respiration?
A.
carbon dioxide & water
B.
cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria
C.
anti-oxidants & inorganic salts
D.
energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas
Question #13
Which event happens during Krebs (Citric acid) cycle?
A.
Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.
B.
Glucose is split into two pyruvates.
C.
The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.
D.
Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate
Question #14
Which metabolic process will go on even in the absence of oxygen gas?
A.
Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain
B.
Glycolysis
C.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
Question #15
Where in the cell do Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain occur?
A.
mitochondrion
B.
plasma membrane
C.
cytoplasm
D.
chloroplast
Question #16
Which event does NOT occur during glycolysis?
A.
energy is released to produce ATP
B.
intermediates get oxidized by NAD+
C.
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
D.
glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar
Question #17
Why do cells undergo aerobic respiration?
A.
to use up oxygen gas
B.
for energy
C.
to create energy-rich products
D.
to release carbon dioxide
Question #18
Where do the 2-carbon catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter the aerobic respiration pathway?
A.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
B.
Calvin cycle
C.
Krebs cycle
D.
Glycolysis
Question #19
In human cells, what ultimately happens to the high energy electron released during glycolysis if the person is not able to breathe properly?
A.
It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas
B.
It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.
C.
It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid
Question #20
Which molecules coming from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A.
H2O and O2
B.
ADP and NADP+
C.
ATP and NADPH
D.
CO2 and glucose
Question #21
Photosynthesis involves the conversion of ____________________.
A.
glucose into lactic acid
B.
light into chemical energy
C.
light into oxygen gas
D.
carbon dioxide int oxygen gas
Question #22
Why do plant cells photosynthesize?
A.
to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use
B.
to make energy-rich fuel molecules
C.
to breakdown sugar for energy
D.
to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume
Question #23
CAM plants are able to keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water, because they can
A.
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night
B.
store water at night
C.
use a different enzyme to fix CO2
D.
enhance photorespiration
Question #24
When stomates are closed, the buildup of which molecule may harm a photosynthesizing plant leaf?
A.
carbon dioxide
B.
glucose
C.
water
D.
oxygen gas
Question #25
The leaves of a plant being green implies __________________________.
A.
photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves
B.
photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy
C.
green light is absorbed by the leaves
Question #26
Which is a substrate of the light-dependent reaction (linear electron flow) of photosynthesis?
A.
water
B.
NADPH
C.
glucose
D.
carbon dioxide
Question #27
Where in the plant cell does synthesis of sugar during photosynthesis occur?
A.
mitochondrioal matrix
B.
thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast
C.
stroma of the chloroplast
D.
cell's cytoplasm
Question #28
Which type of signaling molecules tend to have intracellular receptors?
A.
local regulators
B.
small & polar such as Ca ions
C.
peptide-based such as insulin
D.
lipid-based such as steroids
Question #29
A hormone binds with a G protein-coupled receptor of a target cell. What immediately happens next?
A.
Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein
B.
Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.
C.
A protein kinase is phosphorylated.
Question #30
Key to the cell’s continuing “receptiveness” to a signal molecule is the
A.
reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it
B.
presence of enzyme inhibitors
C.
role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction
Question #31
Cell signaling originated among multicellular organisms to allow coordination among cells in the different parts of the body; unicellular organisms have no need for it.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #32
Which is TRUE about the signal transduction pathway?
A.
Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.
B.
Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.
C.
Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.
Question #33
A pair of tyrosine kinases (that form a dimer) embedded in the plasma membrane serve as___________ of the signal pathway.
A.
second messenger
B.
receptors
C.
relay protein
D.
local regulator
Question #34
Which event immediately follows the binding of a messenger molecule to an ion channel receptor?
A.
response protein is activated
B.
ion channel receptor opens up
C.
cAMP is formed
Question #35
Which is TRUE about a hormone?
A.
Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body
B.
Second messenger
C.
Relay protein
D.
Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it
Question #36
Plenty of bubbles in raw tissues & no bubble in boiled tissues imply that ______________________.
A.
there are no enzymes in living tissues.
B.
boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.
C.
boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.
D.
enzymes destroy living tissues.
Question #37
A.
soaked peas only
B.
beads only
C.
soaked peas & beads
D.
dry peas & beads
Question #38
Which was the most nonpolar pigment?
A.
yellow carotene
B.
yellow green chlorophyll b
C.
purple anthocyanin
D.
grass green chlorophyll a
Question #39
Consider the experiment that tested the hypothesis that enzyme catalyzes chemical reactions. A tube with milk by itself and tube with milk with rennin (rennet) were set up. What was the independent variable?
A.
coagulation
B.
presence/absence of milk protein
C.
color of the solution inside the test tubes
D.
presence/absence of rennin (rennet)
Question #40
Hot ___________ bath was used to extract (remove) the green pigment from the leaf.
A.
iodine
B.
alcohol
C.
acetone & petroleum ether
D.
water
Question #41
Which process/es was/were occurring in Elodea inside the bottle exposed to light?
A.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
B.
Photosynthesis only
C.
Respiration only
D.
Fermentation only
Question #42
Which variable was measured to indicate that aerobic cell respiration occurred in germinating peas?
A.
decrease in mass of peas
B.
amount of O2 consumed
C.
amount of ATP produced
D.
amount of CO2 released
Question #43
Which evidence demonstrated that enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
A.
Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
B.
All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.
C.
Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
D.
All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.
Question #44
Two bottles contained Elodea in carbon dioxide-saturated water. Bottle A was exposed to light, bottle B was wrapped with aluminum foil. The difference in the amount of CO2 between bottles A & B represented the amount of CO2 _________.
A.
consumed during respiration
B.
released during respiration
C.
released during photosynthesis
D.
consumed during photosynthesis
Question #45
Use the given data to answer the next question: Rf of A = 0.38 Rf of B = 0.45 Rf of C = 0.98 Which was the most polar pigment?
A.
C
B.
B
C.
A
Question #46
The sugar that was combined with water & yeast was
A.
the substrate that was broken down.
B.
final product of the reaction.
C.
an enzyme needed to make ATP.
D.
an intermediate of the pathway.
Question #47
The bubbles in the graduated cylinder & foamy suspension from the flask containing yeast, sugar & water indicated that _______________is occurring.
A.
fermentation
B.
signal transduction
C.
photosynthesis
D.
aerobic respiration
Question #48
Which observed evidence was used to support the hypothesis that chlorophyll is needed to produce starch?
A.
Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.
B.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.
C.
Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.
D.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.
Question #49
The bubbles released from the test tube containing liver & H2O2 were the result of the ____________________.
A.
release of O2 from the reaction
B.
boiling of living tissues
C.
enzymes getting denatured
D.
H2O2 evaporating
Question #50
Baker's yeasts ferment sugar for what purpose?
A.
to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol
B.
to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration
C.
to convert sugar into starch
D.
to release energy needed to make ATP
Question #51
ATP synthase
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
C.
covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix
Question #52
kinase
A.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #53
catalase
A.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #54
caspase
A.
to release energy needed to make ATP
B.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
C.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
Question #55
RUBP carboxylase (rubisco)
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #56
active site
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #57
hormone/local regulator
A.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
Question #58
photosystems I & II
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
second messengers
Question #59
NAD/NADP/FADH
A.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
B.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
C.
second messengers
Question #60
Ca ions/cyclic AMP
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
second messengers
Question #61
Glucose is a(n)
A.
Atom used to make oxygen
B.
Protein used to increase muscle size
C.
Carbohydrate used as energy source
D.
Fat used for protection
Question #62
The energy stored in sugar and fat eaten in the meals is converted into ATP energy by which organelle in the cell?
A.
Lysosomes
B.
Ribosomes
C.
Mitochondria
D.
Chloroplasts
Question #63
What is needed to provide energy for your body?
A.
Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body
B.
Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy
C.
Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
D.
Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing
Question #64
A healthy diet
A.
Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes
B.
Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems
C.
Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body
D.
Can cure any disease
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