Biology 6 - General Biology I » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which statement is true regarding life and the law of entropy?
A.
Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.
B.
To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.
C.
Life contradicts the law of entropy.
Question #2
An enzyme is specific to its substrate because _________________________.
A.
it has to be the same size as the substrate
B.
its polarity has to be similar to the product's polarity
C.
the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate
Question #3
Consider an energy-requiring anabolic pathway: A -> B -> C -> D Which statement is FALSE?
A.
D is much smaller than A.
B.
B & C are intermediates.
C.
A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.
Question #4
Consider the metabolic pathway “ A -> B -> C ”. How many different kinds of enzymes are required to complete the metabolic pathway?
A.
3
B.
2
C.
4
D.
1
Question #5
Which one is not associated with catabolic reactions in cells?
A.
digest food
B.
detoxify toxins
C.
release energy from "fuel" molecules
D.
synthesize large macromolecules
Question #6
Activities of common enzymes are inhibited by all of the following conditions except ________________________________.
A.
high concentration of its inhibitor
B.
warm moist environment
C.
pH =1
D.
inside the freezer
E.
boiled
Question #7
The action of enzymes is noncompetitively (allosterically) inhibited by certain poisons by _____________.
A.
pulling the substrates away from the enzyme
B.
binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site
C.
occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it
Question #8
ATP is synthesized in all of the following metabolic pathways except
A.
light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis
B.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
C.
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis
D.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
E.
glycolysis
Question #9
When cell processes require energy to do work
A.
ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.
B.
high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.
C.
ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.
D.
cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.
Question #10
High amounts of __________ are able to turn off aerobic cell respiration.
A.
glucose and pyruvate
B.
ATP and citric acid
C.
NAD+ and FAD+
D.
H2O and O2
Question #11
From an “energy” perspective, which statement properly describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A.
Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.
B.
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
C.
Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.
Question #12
What are the "raw materials" (substrates) for aerobic cell respiration?
A.
carbon dioxide & water
B.
cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria
C.
anti-oxidants & inorganic salts
D.
energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas
Question #13
Which event happens during Krebs (Citric acid) cycle?
A.
Glucose is split into two pyruvates.
B.
The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.
C.
Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.
D.
Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate
Question #14
Which metabolic process will go on even in the absence of oxygen gas?
A.
Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain
B.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
C.
Glycolysis
Question #15
Where in the cell do Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain occur?
A.
mitochondrion
B.
plasma membrane
C.
chloroplast
D.
cytoplasm
Question #16
Which event does NOT occur during glycolysis?
A.
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
B.
intermediates get oxidized by NAD+
C.
energy is released to produce ATP
D.
glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar
Question #17
Why do cells undergo aerobic respiration?
A.
to release carbon dioxide
B.
to create energy-rich products
C.
for energy
D.
to use up oxygen gas
Question #18
Where do the 2-carbon catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter the aerobic respiration pathway?
A.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
B.
Krebs cycle
C.
Calvin cycle
D.
Glycolysis
Question #19
In human cells, what ultimately happens to the high energy electron released during glycolysis if the person is not able to breathe properly?
A.
It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.
B.
It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid
C.
It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas
Question #20
Which molecules coming from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A.
ADP and NADP+
B.
H2O and O2
C.
ATP and NADPH
D.
CO2 and glucose
Question #21
Photosynthesis involves the conversion of ____________________.
A.
carbon dioxide int oxygen gas
B.
light into oxygen gas
C.
light into chemical energy
D.
glucose into lactic acid
Question #22
Why do plant cells photosynthesize?
A.
to make energy-rich fuel molecules
B.
to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume
C.
to breakdown sugar for energy
D.
to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use
Question #23
CAM plants are able to keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water, because they can
A.
enhance photorespiration
B.
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night
C.
store water at night
D.
use a different enzyme to fix CO2
Question #24
When stomates are closed, the buildup of which molecule may harm a photosynthesizing plant leaf?
A.
glucose
B.
oxygen gas
C.
water
D.
carbon dioxide
Question #25
The leaves of a plant being green implies __________________________.
A.
photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves
B.
photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy
C.
green light is absorbed by the leaves
Question #26
Which is a substrate of the light-dependent reaction (linear electron flow) of photosynthesis?
A.
NADPH
B.
water
C.
carbon dioxide
D.
glucose
Question #27
Where in the plant cell does synthesis of sugar during photosynthesis occur?
A.
stroma of the chloroplast
B.
cell's cytoplasm
C.
mitochondrioal matrix
D.
thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast
Question #28
Which type of signaling molecules tend to have intracellular receptors?
A.
lipid-based such as steroids
B.
peptide-based such as insulin
C.
local regulators
D.
small & polar such as Ca ions
Question #29
A hormone binds with a G protein-coupled receptor of a target cell. What immediately happens next?
A.
A protein kinase is phosphorylated.
B.
Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.
C.
Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein
Question #30
Key to the cell’s continuing “receptiveness” to a signal molecule is the
A.
reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it
B.
role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction
C.
presence of enzyme inhibitors
Question #31
Cell signaling originated among multicellular organisms to allow coordination among cells in the different parts of the body; unicellular organisms have no need for it.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #32
Which is TRUE about the signal transduction pathway?
A.
Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.
B.
Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.
C.
Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.
Question #33
A pair of tyrosine kinases (that form a dimer) embedded in the plasma membrane serve as___________ of the signal pathway.
A.
second messenger
B.
local regulator
C.
receptors
D.
relay protein
Question #34
Which event immediately follows the binding of a messenger molecule to an ion channel receptor?
A.
cAMP is formed
B.
ion channel receptor opens up
C.
response protein is activated
Question #35
Which is TRUE about a hormone?
A.
Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body
B.
Second messenger
C.
Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it
D.
Relay protein
Question #36
Plenty of bubbles in raw tissues & no bubble in boiled tissues imply that ______________________.
A.
there are no enzymes in living tissues.
B.
boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.
C.
boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.
D.
enzymes destroy living tissues.
Question #37
A.
soaked peas & beads
B.
beads only
C.
dry peas & beads
D.
soaked peas only
Question #38
Which was the most nonpolar pigment?
A.
yellow green chlorophyll b
B.
yellow carotene
C.
grass green chlorophyll a
D.
purple anthocyanin
Question #39
Consider the experiment that tested the hypothesis that enzyme catalyzes chemical reactions. A tube with milk by itself and tube with milk with rennin (rennet) were set up. What was the independent variable?
A.
color of the solution inside the test tubes
B.
coagulation
C.
presence/absence of rennin (rennet)
D.
presence/absence of milk protein
Question #40
Hot ___________ bath was used to extract (remove) the green pigment from the leaf.
A.
alcohol
B.
acetone & petroleum ether
C.
iodine
D.
water
Question #41
Which process/es was/were occurring in Elodea inside the bottle exposed to light?
A.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
B.
Photosynthesis only
C.
Fermentation only
D.
Respiration only
Question #42
Which variable was measured to indicate that aerobic cell respiration occurred in germinating peas?
A.
amount of ATP produced
B.
amount of O2 consumed
C.
amount of CO2 released
D.
decrease in mass of peas
Question #43
Which evidence demonstrated that enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
A.
Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
B.
All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.
C.
Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
D.
All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.
Question #44
Two bottles contained Elodea in carbon dioxide-saturated water. Bottle A was exposed to light, bottle B was wrapped with aluminum foil. The difference in the amount of CO2 between bottles A & B represented the amount of CO2 _________.
A.
consumed during photosynthesis
B.
released during photosynthesis
C.
released during respiration
D.
consumed during respiration
Question #45
Use the given data to answer the next question: Rf of A = 0.38 Rf of B = 0.45 Rf of C = 0.98 Which was the most polar pigment?
A.
B
B.
A
C.
C
Question #46
A.
final product of the reaction.
B.
an enzyme needed to make ATP.
C.
an intermediate of the pathway.
D.
the substrate that was broken down.
Question #47
The bubbles in the graduated cylinder & foamy suspension from the flask containing yeast, sugar & water indicated that _______________is occurring.
A.
photosynthesis
B.
aerobic respiration
C.
fermentation
D.
signal transduction
Question #48
Which observed evidence was used to support the hypothesis that chlorophyll is needed to produce starch?
A.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.
B.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.
C.
Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.
D.
Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.
Question #49
The bubbles released from the test tube containing liver & H2O2 were the result of the ____________________.
A.
release of O2 from the reaction
B.
H2O2 evaporating
C.
boiling of living tissues
D.
enzymes getting denatured
Question #50
Baker's yeasts ferment sugar for what purpose?
A.
to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol
B.
to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration
C.
to convert sugar into starch
D.
to release energy needed to make ATP
Question #51
ATP synthase
A.
covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix
B.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
C.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #52
kinase
A.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #53
catalase
A.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
B.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
C.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #54
caspase
A.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
B.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
C.
to release energy needed to make ATP
Question #55
RUBP carboxylase (rubisco)
A.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #56
active site
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #57
hormone/local regulator
A.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
B.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #58
photosystems I & II
A.
second messengers
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #59
NAD/NADP/FADH
A.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
B.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
C.
second messengers
Question #60
Ca ions/cyclic AMP
A.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
B.
second messengers
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #61
Glucose is a(n)
A.
Atom used to make oxygen
B.
Carbohydrate used as energy source
C.
Fat used for protection
D.
Protein used to increase muscle size
Question #62
The energy stored in sugar and fat eaten in the meals is converted into ATP energy by which organelle in the cell?
A.
Mitochondria
B.
Lysosomes
C.
Chloroplasts
D.
Ribosomes
Question #63
What is needed to provide energy for your body?
A.
Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing
B.
Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body
C.
Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy
D.
Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
Question #64
A healthy diet
A.
Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body
B.
Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes
C.
Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems
D.
Can cure any disease
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