Biology 6 - General Biology I » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which statement is true regarding life and the law of entropy?
A.
Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.
B.
To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.
C.
Life contradicts the law of entropy.
Question #2
An enzyme is specific to its substrate because _________________________.
A.
it has to be the same size as the substrate
B.
its polarity has to be similar to the product's polarity
C.
the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate
Question #3
Consider an energy-requiring anabolic pathway: A -> B -> C -> D Which statement is FALSE?
A.
D is much smaller than A.
B.
A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.
C.
B & C are intermediates.
Question #4
Consider the metabolic pathway “ A -> B -> C ”. How many different kinds of enzymes are required to complete the metabolic pathway?
A.
4
B.
1
C.
3
D.
2
Question #5
Which one is not associated with catabolic reactions in cells?
A.
synthesize large macromolecules
B.
digest food
C.
detoxify toxins
D.
release energy from "fuel" molecules
Question #6
Activities of common enzymes are inhibited by all of the following conditions except ________________________________.
A.
pH =1
B.
inside the freezer
C.
boiled
D.
warm moist environment
E.
high concentration of its inhibitor
Question #7
The action of enzymes is noncompetitively (allosterically) inhibited by certain poisons by _____________.
A.
pulling the substrates away from the enzyme
B.
binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site
C.
occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it
Question #8
ATP is synthesized in all of the following metabolic pathways except
A.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
B.
glycolysis
C.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
D.
light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis
E.
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis
Question #9
When cell processes require energy to do work
A.
high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.
B.
ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.
C.
ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.
D.
cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.
Question #10
High amounts of __________ are able to turn off aerobic cell respiration.
A.
glucose and pyruvate
B.
NAD+ and FAD+
C.
ATP and citric acid
D.
H2O and O2
Question #11
From an “energy” perspective, which statement properly describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A.
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
B.
Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.
C.
Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.
Question #12
What are the "raw materials" (substrates) for aerobic cell respiration?
A.
anti-oxidants & inorganic salts
B.
carbon dioxide & water
C.
cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria
D.
energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas
Question #13
Which event happens during Krebs (Citric acid) cycle?
A.
Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.
B.
Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate
C.
The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.
D.
Glucose is split into two pyruvates.
Question #14
Which metabolic process will go on even in the absence of oxygen gas?
A.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
B.
Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain
C.
Glycolysis
Question #15
Where in the cell do Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain occur?
A.
mitochondrion
B.
plasma membrane
C.
chloroplast
D.
cytoplasm
Question #16
Which event does NOT occur during glycolysis?
A.
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
B.
glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar
C.
intermediates get oxidized by NAD+
D.
energy is released to produce ATP
Question #17
Why do cells undergo aerobic respiration?
A.
to create energy-rich products
B.
to use up oxygen gas
C.
to release carbon dioxide
D.
for energy
Question #18
Where do the 2-carbon catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter the aerobic respiration pathway?
A.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
B.
Calvin cycle
C.
Krebs cycle
D.
Glycolysis
Question #19
In human cells, what ultimately happens to the high energy electron released during glycolysis if the person is not able to breathe properly?
A.
It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas
B.
It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.
C.
It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid
Question #20
Which molecules coming from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A.
ATP and NADPH
B.
H2O and O2
C.
ADP and NADP+
D.
CO2 and glucose
Question #21
Photosynthesis involves the conversion of ____________________.
A.
carbon dioxide int oxygen gas
B.
light into oxygen gas
C.
light into chemical energy
D.
glucose into lactic acid
Question #22
Why do plant cells photosynthesize?
A.
to make energy-rich fuel molecules
B.
to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use
C.
to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume
D.
to breakdown sugar for energy
Question #23
CAM plants are able to keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water, because they can
A.
use a different enzyme to fix CO2
B.
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night
C.
store water at night
D.
enhance photorespiration
Question #24
When stomates are closed, the buildup of which molecule may harm a photosynthesizing plant leaf?
A.
carbon dioxide
B.
oxygen gas
C.
glucose
D.
water
Question #25
The leaves of a plant being green implies __________________________.
A.
photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves
B.
green light is absorbed by the leaves
C.
photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy
Question #26
Which is a substrate of the light-dependent reaction (linear electron flow) of photosynthesis?
A.
glucose
B.
water
C.
carbon dioxide
D.
NADPH
Question #27
Where in the plant cell does synthesis of sugar during photosynthesis occur?
A.
cell's cytoplasm
B.
thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast
C.
mitochondrioal matrix
D.
stroma of the chloroplast
Question #28
Which type of signaling molecules tend to have intracellular receptors?
A.
peptide-based such as insulin
B.
lipid-based such as steroids
C.
small & polar such as Ca ions
D.
local regulators
Question #29
A hormone binds with a G protein-coupled receptor of a target cell. What immediately happens next?
A.
Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein
B.
Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.
C.
A protein kinase is phosphorylated.
Question #30
Key to the cell’s continuing “receptiveness” to a signal molecule is the
A.
presence of enzyme inhibitors
B.
reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it
C.
role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction
Question #31
Cell signaling originated among multicellular organisms to allow coordination among cells in the different parts of the body; unicellular organisms have no need for it.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #32
Which is TRUE about the signal transduction pathway?
A.
Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.
B.
Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.
C.
Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.
Question #33
A pair of tyrosine kinases (that form a dimer) embedded in the plasma membrane serve as___________ of the signal pathway.
A.
relay protein
B.
second messenger
C.
local regulator
D.
receptors
Question #34
Which event immediately follows the binding of a messenger molecule to an ion channel receptor?
A.
response protein is activated
B.
cAMP is formed
C.
ion channel receptor opens up
Question #35
Which is TRUE about a hormone?
A.
Relay protein
B.
Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body
C.
Second messenger
D.
Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it
Question #36
Plenty of bubbles in raw tissues & no bubble in boiled tissues imply that ______________________.
A.
there are no enzymes in living tissues.
B.
enzymes destroy living tissues.
C.
boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.
D.
boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.
Question #37
In the lab exercise on cell respiration in peas, the vial with __________ was a control for the possible unexpected changes in gas volume not related to cell respiration.
A.
soaked peas only
B.
soaked peas & beads
C.
beads only
D.
dry peas & beads
Question #38
Which was the most nonpolar pigment?
A.
yellow green chlorophyll b
B.
purple anthocyanin
C.
grass green chlorophyll a
D.
yellow carotene
Question #39
Consider the experiment that tested the hypothesis that enzyme catalyzes chemical reactions. A tube with milk by itself and tube with milk with rennin (rennet) were set up. What was the independent variable?
A.
presence/absence of rennin (rennet)
B.
color of the solution inside the test tubes
C.
presence/absence of milk protein
D.
coagulation
Question #40
Hot ___________ bath was used to extract (remove) the green pigment from the leaf.
A.
water
B.
acetone & petroleum ether
C.
alcohol
D.
iodine
Question #41
Which process/es was/were occurring in Elodea inside the bottle exposed to light?
A.
Fermentation only
B.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
C.
Respiration only
D.
Photosynthesis only
Question #42
Which variable was measured to indicate that aerobic cell respiration occurred in germinating peas?
A.
amount of CO2 released
B.
decrease in mass of peas
C.
amount of ATP produced
D.
amount of O2 consumed
Question #43
Which evidence demonstrated that enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
A.
All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.
B.
All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.
C.
Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
D.
Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
Question #44
Two bottles contained Elodea in carbon dioxide-saturated water. Bottle A was exposed to light, bottle B was wrapped with aluminum foil. The difference in the amount of CO2 between bottles A & B represented the amount of CO2 _________.
A.
consumed during respiration
B.
consumed during photosynthesis
C.
released during photosynthesis
D.
released during respiration
Question #45
Use the given data to answer the next question: Rf of A = 0.38 Rf of B = 0.45 Rf of C = 0.98 Which was the most polar pigment?
A.
A
B.
C
C.
B
Question #46
The sugar that was combined with water & yeast was
A.
the substrate that was broken down.
B.
final product of the reaction.
C.
an enzyme needed to make ATP.
D.
an intermediate of the pathway.
Question #47
The bubbles in the graduated cylinder & foamy suspension from the flask containing yeast, sugar & water indicated that _______________is occurring.
A.
aerobic respiration
B.
fermentation
C.
signal transduction
D.
photosynthesis
Question #48
Which observed evidence was used to support the hypothesis that chlorophyll is needed to produce starch?
A.
Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.
B.
Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.
C.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.
D.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.
Question #49
The bubbles released from the test tube containing liver & H2O2 were the result of the ____________________.
A.
boiling of living tissues
B.
H2O2 evaporating
C.
enzymes getting denatured
D.
release of O2 from the reaction
Question #50
Baker's yeasts ferment sugar for what purpose?
A.
to convert sugar into starch
B.
to release energy needed to make ATP
C.
to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol
D.
to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration
Question #51
ATP synthase
A.
covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #52
kinase
A.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #53
catalase
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #54
caspase
A.
to release energy needed to make ATP
B.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
C.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
Question #55
RUBP carboxylase (rubisco)
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
C.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #56
active site
A.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
Question #57
hormone/local regulator
A.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
B.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #58
photosystems I & II
A.
second messengers
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #59
NAD/NADP/FADH
A.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
B.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
C.
second messengers
Question #60
Ca ions/cyclic AMP
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
second messengers
Question #61
Glucose is a(n)
A.
Atom used to make oxygen
B.
Protein used to increase muscle size
C.
Fat used for protection
D.
Carbohydrate used as energy source
Question #62
The energy stored in sugar and fat eaten in the meals is converted into ATP energy by which organelle in the cell?
A.
Mitochondria
B.
Lysosomes
C.
Ribosomes
D.
Chloroplasts
Question #63
What is needed to provide energy for your body?
A.
Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body
B.
Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
C.
Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing
D.
Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy
Question #64
A healthy diet
A.
Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body
B.
Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes
C.
Can cure any disease
D.
Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems
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