Biology 6 - General Biology I » Fall 2021 » Exam 2
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Question #1
Which statement is true regarding life and the law of entropy?
A.
Life obeys the law of entropy but not the law of conservation of energy.
B.
To live, organisms convert “useful” energy into dissipated heat.
C.
Life contradicts the law of entropy.
Question #2
An enzyme is specific to its substrate because _________________________.
A.
it has to be the same size as the substrate
B.
its polarity has to be similar to the product's polarity
C.
the shape of its active site has to match the shape of the substrate
Question #3
Consider an energy-requiring anabolic pathway: A -> B -> C -> D Which statement is FALSE?
A.
A is the initial substrate & D is the final product.
B.
B & C are intermediates.
C.
D is much smaller than A.
Question #4
Consider the metabolic pathway “ A -> B -> C ”. How many different kinds of enzymes are required to complete the metabolic pathway?
A.
2
B.
4
C.
3
D.
1
Question #5
Which one is not associated with catabolic reactions in cells?
A.
release energy from "fuel" molecules
B.
detoxify toxins
C.
synthesize large macromolecules
D.
digest food
Question #6
Activities of common enzymes are inhibited by all of the following conditions except ________________________________.
A.
warm moist environment
B.
inside the freezer
C.
boiled
D.
pH =1
E.
high concentration of its inhibitor
Question #7
The action of enzymes is noncompetitively (allosterically) inhibited by certain poisons by _____________.
A.
pulling the substrates away from the enzyme
B.
binding to the enzyme and modifying the shape of the enzyme’s active site
C.
occupying the active sites & preventing the substrate to bind with it
Question #8
ATP is synthesized in all of the following metabolic pathways except
A.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
B.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
C.
light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis
D.
light-dependent reactions (cyclic & noncylcic electron flow) of photosynthesis
E.
glycolysis
Question #9
When cell processes require energy to do work
A.
high energy phosphate bond breaks off from ATP.
B.
ATP gets converted to cyclic AMP & pyrophosphate.
C.
ADP & phosphate are covalently bonded.
D.
cell respiration enzymes are inhibited.
Question #10
High amounts of __________ are able to turn off aerobic cell respiration.
A.
NAD+ and FAD+
B.
glucose and pyruvate
C.
H2O and O2
D.
ATP and citric acid
Question #11
From an “energy” perspective, which statement properly describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
A.
Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
B.
Photosynthesis stores energy in sugars, whereas respiration releases it.
C.
Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.
Question #12
What are the "raw materials" (substrates) for aerobic cell respiration?
A.
anti-oxidants & inorganic salts
B.
cytoplasmic enzymes & mitochondria
C.
carbon dioxide & water
D.
energy-rich organic compounds & oxygen gas
Question #13
Which event happens during Krebs (Citric acid) cycle?
A.
The product of glycolysis is further broken down to release more energy.
B.
Glucose is split into two pyruvates.
C.
Glucose is synthesized using ADP & phosphate
D.
Oxygen gas is used to make carbon dioxide.
Question #14
Which metabolic process will go on even in the absence of oxygen gas?
A.
Glycolysis
B.
Krebs (Citric acid) cycle
C.
Oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain
Question #15
Where in the cell do Krebs cycle & Electron transport chain occur?
A.
mitochondrion
B.
chloroplast
C.
cytoplasm
D.
plasma membrane
Question #16
Which event does NOT occur during glycolysis?
A.
glucose is broken down into 2 three-carbon sugar
B.
pyruvate is converted into lactic acid
C.
energy is released to produce ATP
D.
intermediates get oxidized by NAD+
Question #17
Why do cells undergo aerobic respiration?
A.
to create energy-rich products
B.
for energy
C.
to release carbon dioxide
D.
to use up oxygen gas
Question #18
Where do the 2-carbon catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter the aerobic respiration pathway?
A.
Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis
B.
Krebs cycle
C.
Calvin cycle
D.
Glycolysis
Question #19
In human cells, what ultimately happens to the high energy electron released during glycolysis if the person is not able to breathe properly?
A.
It combines with pyruvate to produce lactic acid
B.
It gets reused & goes through glycolysis a second time.
C.
It enters the mitochondria to combine with oxygen gas
Question #20
Which molecules coming from the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
A.
ADP and NADP+
B.
CO2 and glucose
C.
ATP and NADPH
D.
H2O and O2
Question #21
Photosynthesis involves the conversion of ____________________.
A.
carbon dioxide int oxygen gas
B.
light into oxygen gas
C.
glucose into lactic acid
D.
light into chemical energy
Question #22
Why do plant cells photosynthesize?
A.
to breakdown sugar for energy
B.
to make energy-rich fuel molecules
C.
to provide oxygen gas that humans can consume
D.
to make ATP that the rest of the cell may use
Question #23
CAM plants are able to keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water, because they can
A.
store water at night
B.
fix CO2 into organic acids during the night
C.
enhance photorespiration
D.
use a different enzyme to fix CO2
Question #24
When stomates are closed, the buildup of which molecule may harm a photosynthesizing plant leaf?
A.
glucose
B.
oxygen gas
C.
water
D.
carbon dioxide
Question #25
The leaves of a plant being green implies __________________________.
A.
green light is absorbed by the leaves
B.
photosynthesis uses green light as a source of energy
C.
photosynthesis must occur in plant leaves
Question #26
Which is a substrate of the light-dependent reaction (linear electron flow) of photosynthesis?
A.
NADPH
B.
carbon dioxide
C.
water
D.
glucose
Question #27
Where in the plant cell does synthesis of sugar during photosynthesis occur?
A.
cell's cytoplasm
B.
thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast
C.
mitochondrioal matrix
D.
stroma of the chloroplast
Question #28
Which type of signaling molecules tend to have intracellular receptors?
A.
local regulators
B.
peptide-based such as insulin
C.
small & polar such as Ca ions
D.
lipid-based such as steroids
Question #29
A hormone binds with a G protein-coupled receptor of a target cell. What immediately happens next?
A.
A protein kinase is phosphorylated.
B.
Conformational change in the receptor activates the G protein.
C.
Hormone replaces GTP with ATP in the G protein
Question #30
Key to the cell’s continuing “receptiveness” to a signal molecule is the
A.
reversibility of the process; signal molecule has to separate from the receptor after binding with it
B.
role of cyclic AMP and calcium ions in signal transduction
C.
presence of enzyme inhibitors
Question #31
Cell signaling originated among multicellular organisms to allow coordination among cells in the different parts of the body; unicellular organisms have no need for it.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #32
Which is TRUE about the signal transduction pathway?
A.
Each step in the cascade synthesizes ATP.
B.
Relay proteins are activated simultaneously.
C.
Multiple steps (cascade) provide for greater amplification of a signal.
Question #33
A pair of tyrosine kinases (that form a dimer) embedded in the plasma membrane serve as___________ of the signal pathway.
A.
local regulator
B.
relay protein
C.
receptors
D.
second messenger
Question #34
Which event immediately follows the binding of a messenger molecule to an ion channel receptor?
A.
cAMP is formed
B.
response protein is activated
C.
ion channel receptor opens up
Question #35
Which is TRUE about a hormone?
A.
Second messenger
B.
Relay protein
C.
Signal molecule between cells that far apart in the body
D.
Binds to the receptor of a cell in close proximity to the cell that released it
Question #36
Plenty of bubbles in raw tissues & no bubble in boiled tissues imply that ______________________.
A.
enzymes destroy living tissues.
B.
there are no enzymes in living tissues.
C.
boiling denatures (destroys) enzymes in boiled tissues.
D.
boiling activates enzymes in living tissues.
Question #37
In the lab exercise on cell respiration in peas, the vial with __________ was a control for the possible unexpected changes in gas volume not related to cell respiration.
A.
soaked peas only
B.
soaked peas & beads
C.
dry peas & beads
D.
beads only
Question #38
Which was the most nonpolar pigment?
A.
yellow carotene
B.
grass green chlorophyll a
C.
yellow green chlorophyll b
D.
purple anthocyanin
Question #39
Consider the experiment that tested the hypothesis that enzyme catalyzes chemical reactions. A tube with milk by itself and tube with milk with rennin (rennet) were set up. What was the independent variable?
A.
presence/absence of milk protein
B.
coagulation
C.
color of the solution inside the test tubes
D.
presence/absence of rennin (rennet)
Question #40
Hot ___________ bath was used to extract (remove) the green pigment from the leaf.
A.
water
B.
iodine
C.
acetone & petroleum ether
D.
alcohol
Question #41
Which process/es was/were occurring in Elodea inside the bottle exposed to light?
A.
Respiration only
B.
Photosynthesis & Respiration
C.
Fermentation only
D.
Photosynthesis only
Question #42
Which variable was measured to indicate that aerobic cell respiration occurred in germinating peas?
A.
amount of CO2 released
B.
decrease in mass of peas
C.
amount of ATP produced
D.
amount of O2 consumed
Question #43
Which evidence demonstrated that enzymes catalyze chemical reactions?
A.
All tubes tested with Benedict’s reagent turned orange in color.
B.
Only the tube with starch & saliva combined turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
C.
Only the tube with starch by itself turned orange when tested with Benedict’s.
D.
All tubes tested with iodine remained blue/black in color.
Question #44
Two bottles contained Elodea in carbon dioxide-saturated water. Bottle A was exposed to light, bottle B was wrapped with aluminum foil. The difference in the amount of CO2 between bottles A & B represented the amount of CO2 _________.
A.
consumed during photosynthesis
B.
consumed during respiration
C.
released during photosynthesis
D.
released during respiration
Question #45
Use the given data to answer the next question: Rf of A = 0.38 Rf of B = 0.45 Rf of C = 0.98 Which was the most polar pigment?
A.
A
B.
C
C.
B
Question #46
A.
the substrate that was broken down.
B.
an enzyme needed to make ATP.
C.
final product of the reaction.
D.
an intermediate of the pathway.
Question #47
The bubbles in the graduated cylinder & foamy suspension from the flask containing yeast, sugar & water indicated that _______________is occurring.
A.
photosynthesis
B.
fermentation
C.
aerobic respiration
D.
signal transduction
Question #48
Which observed evidence was used to support the hypothesis that chlorophyll is needed to produce starch?
A.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be in the white edges in the leaf.
B.
Bubbles showed up after soaking the leaf in iodine solution.
C.
Coagulation occurred in the center of the leaf.
D.
The dark purple areas (after iodine was added) were located in what used to be the green areas in the leaf.
Question #49
The bubbles released from the test tube containing liver & H2O2 were the result of the ____________________.
A.
release of O2 from the reaction
B.
enzymes getting denatured
C.
H2O2 evaporating
D.
boiling of living tissues
Question #50
Baker's yeasts ferment sugar for what purpose?
A.
to prepare the cell for aerobic respiration
B.
to convert sugar into starch
C.
to release energy needed to make ATP
D.
to produce carbon dioxide & alcohol
Question #51
ATP synthase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
covalently bonds inorganic phosphate to ADP from energy released when H+ diffuses back into mitochondrial matrix
C.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #52
kinase
A.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
B.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #53
catalase
A.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
B.
breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water & oxygen gas
C.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
Question #54
caspase
A.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
B.
to release energy needed to make ATP
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #55
RUBP carboxylase (rubisco)
A.
transfers high energy phosphate into a molecule
B.
carbon fixation initiating the Calvin cycle
C.
responsible for genetically programmed & cell-regulated suicide
Question #56
active site
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
C.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
Question #57
hormone/local regulator
A.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
B.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
C.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
Question #58
photosystems I & II
A.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
B.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
C.
second messengers
Question #59
NAD/NADP/FADH
A.
second messengers
B.
binds to the matching receptor to initiate cell communication
C.
mobile carriers of high energy electrons
Question #60
Ca ions/cyclic AMP
A.
second messengers
B.
collection of pigments in the thylakoid membrane
C.
"pouch-shaped" region on the surface of an enzyme where subtrates dock and eventually get converted into products
Question #61
Glucose is a(n)
A.
Carbohydrate used as energy source
B.
Protein used to increase muscle size
C.
Atom used to make oxygen
D.
Fat used for protection
Question #62
The energy stored in sugar and fat eaten in the meals is converted into ATP energy by which organelle in the cell?
A.
Chloroplasts
B.
Ribosomes
C.
Lysosomes
D.
Mitochondria
Question #63
What is needed to provide energy for your body?
A.
Cells using glucose from food and oxygen from breathing
B.
Photosynthesis using the food you eat to produce energy
C.
Lungs producing energy by inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
D.
Energy from food diffusing into each organ of the body
Question #64
A healthy diet
A.
Consists mainly of vitamins. minerals and enzymes
B.
Causes an imbalance in your body’s organ systems
C.
Can cure any disease
D.
Provides proper nutrients and energy for your body
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