A.   cyclical unemployment.

B.   the natural rate of unemployment.

C.   efficiency wage unemployment.

D.   frictional unemployment.

A.   unemployed.

B.   a discouraged worker.

C.   employed.

D.   not in the labor force.

A.   92.3 million

B.   98.0 million

C.   134.0 million

D.   139.7 million

E.   none of the above

A.   5.7 percent

B.   6.2 percent

C.   Not enough information is available to answer this question

D.   5.8 percent

E.   3.2 percent

A.   70.2 percent

B.   50.2 percent

C.   65.9 percent

D.   47.1 percent

E.   none of the above

A.   employed.

B.   not in the labor force.

C.   unemployed.

D.   not in the adult population.

A.   The labor-force participation rate of men is rising.

B.   Most spells of unemployment are long term, but most unemployment observed at any given time is short term.

C.   The labor-force participation rate of men is rising and blacks have a lower unemployment rate than whites.

D.   Blacks have a lower unemployment rate than whites.

E.   Prime-age men and women tend to have similar unemployment rates.

A.   create more unemployment in low-skill job markets than in high-skill job markets.

B.   have no impact on unemployment as long as it is set above the competitive equilibrium wage.

C.   create more unemployment in high-skill job markets than in low-skill job markets.

D.   help all teenagers because they receive a higher wage than they would otherwise.

A.   cyclical unemployment

B.   structural unemployment

C.   frictional unemployment

D.   sectoral unemployment

E.   none of the above

A.   unions will likely strike and the wage will fall to equilibrium.

B.   the quantity of labor supplied will exceed the quantity of labor demanded and there will be unemployment.

C.   the quantity of labor demanded will exceed the quantity of labor supplied and there will be a labor shortage.

D.   the quality of workers in the applicant pool will tend to fall.

A.   young.

B.   less educated.

C.   in the food service and drinking place industry.

D.   full-time.

A.   establish worker training programs

B.   raise the minimum wage

C.   reduce unemployment benefits

D.   establish right-to-work laws

E.   establish employment agencies

A.   frictional unemployment

B.   unemployment due to efficiency wages

C.   unemployment due to unions

D.   structural unemployment

A.   At equilibrium wages, workers often quit to find better jobs, workers sleep when the boss is not looking because workers are not deeply concerned about being fired, workers cannot afford a healthy diet so they fall asleep at work due to a lack of energy, and only minimally qualified workers apply for the job

B.   At equilibrium wages, workers often quit to find better jobs.

C.   d. At equilibrium wages, workers cannot afford a healthy diet so they fall asleep at work due to a lack of energy.

D.   At equilibrium wages, only minimally qualified workers apply for the job.

E.   At equilibrium wages, workers sleep when the boss is not looking because workers are not deeply concerned about being fired.

A.   of minimum-wage laws.

B.   there are changes in the demand for labor among different firms.

C.   of minimum-wage laws and unions.

D.   of unions.

E.   efficiency wages may hold the wage above the equilibrium wage.

A.   raise the wage for insiders above the competitive equilibrium.

B.   offset the market power of a large firm in a "company town."

C.   threaten a strike but don't actually follow through, so there are no lost hours of work.

D.   lower the wage of local outsiders.

A.   Paying the lowest possible wage is always the most efficient (profitable).

B.   Firms do not have a choice about whether they pay efficiency wages or not because these wages are determined by law.

C.   Paying above the competitive equilibrium wage may improve worker health, lower worker turnover, improve worker quality, and increase worker effort.

D.   Paying above the competitive equilibrium wage tends to cause workers to shirk their responsibilities.

A.   increasing the demand for workers in the unionized sector.

B.   increasing the wage in the unionized sector, which may create a decrease in the supply of workers in the nonunionized sector.

C.   increasing the wage in the unionized sector, which may create an increase in the supply of workers in the nonunionized sector.

D.   decreasing the demand for workers in the unionized sector.

A.   unemployment due to minimum-wage laws

B.   unemployment due to unions

C.   frictional unemployment

D.   unemployment due to efficiency wages

A.   the official unemployment rate would probably overstate true unemployment.

B.   frictional unemployment would fall.

C.   the official unemployment rate would probably understate true unemployment.

D.   there would be no impact on the official unemployment rate.

E.   none of the above is true