Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1

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Question #1
The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.
A.   ocular
B.   condenser
C.   nosepiece
D.   stage
E.   objective
Question #2
The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the _______.
A.   ribosomes
B.   cell membrane
C.   cell wall
D.   inclusions
E.   mitochondria
Question #3
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.   inclusions
B.   capsules
C.   slime layers
D.   cell walls
E.   cell membranes
Question #4
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the _________.
A.   cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
B.   nucleus; Golgi apparatus
C.   cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
D.   nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
Question #5
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.   The culture is contaminated.
B.   The incubation temperature was incorrect.
C.   The culture medium must be differential.
D.   The microbiologist used too much inoculum.
E.   The culture medium must be selective.
Question #6
Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________.
A.   cristae
B.   enzymes for metabolism
C.   70S ribosomes (prokaryote)
D.   electron transport chain proteins
E.   enzymes for photosynthesis
Question #7
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
A.   Cytoplasmic membrane
B.   DNA
C.   Ribosomes
D.   Nucleus
Question #8
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A.   Glycerol
B.   All of the choices are correct.
C.   Fatty acids
D.   Alcohol
E.   Phosphate
Question #9
Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?
A.   All of the choices are functions.
B.   Adherence
C.   Protection
D.   Reception of chemical signals
E.   Movement
Question #10
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _______.
A.   cilia
B.   flagella
C.   periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
D.   sex pili
E.   fimbriae
Question #11
A fat is called ______ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens.
A.   unsaturated
B.   None of the choices are correct.
C.   monounsaturated
D.   polyunsaturated
E.   saturated
Question #12
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.   cyanobacteria
B.   gram-positive organisms
C.   mycoplasmas
D.   gram-negative organisms
E.   archaea
Question #13
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.   Petri dish
B.   Pipette
C.   Loop
D.   Needle
E.   Swab
Question #14
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the _______.
A.   endoplasmic reticulum
B.   mitochondria
C.   lysosomes
D.   chloroplasts
E.   Golgi apparatus
Question #15
Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?
A.   All of the choices are correct.
B.   Pour plate
C.   Spread plate
D.   None of the choices are correct.
E.   Streak plate
Question #16
Helminths are _____.
A.   infectious particles
B.   protozoa
C.   parasitic worms
D.   molds
E.   bacteria
Question #17
The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is _____.
A.   inoculation
B.   immunization
C.   isolation
D.   contamination
E.   infection
Question #18
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.   nuclear envelope
B.   chromatin
C.   nucleolus
D.   nucleosome
E.   nucleoplasm
Question #19
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.   Include single-celled and filamentous forms
B.   Heterotrophic nutrition
C.   Have cell walls
D.   Can use a wide variety of nutrients
E.   Photosynthetic
Question #20
The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.
A.   glycocalyx
B.   envelope
C.   pathogenic package
D.   None of the choices is correct.
E.   slime coat
Question #21
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
A.   Mitochondria
B.   Endoplasmic reticulum
C.   All of the choices are correct.
D.   Lysosomes
E.   Nucleus
Question #22
Protists include ______.
A.   yeasts and molds
B.   algae and protozoa
C.   helminths
D.   None of the choices are correct.
E.   All of the choices are correct.
Question #23
The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________.
A.   A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell
B.   A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell
C.   A DNA virus, a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus, a chloroplast and a mitochondria
D.   A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger, eukaryotic cell
Question #24
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _______.
A.   negative chemotaxis
B.   a tumble
C.   negative phototaxis
D.   positive chemotaxis
E.   positive phototaxis
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.   complex
B.   minimal
C.   reducing
D.   enriched
E.   synthetic
Question #26
The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ______.
A.   bacteria
B.   None of the choices are correct.
C.   the last common ancestor
D.   prokaryotes
E.   archaea
Question #27
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
A.   Cannot be seen without a microscope
B.   Cause human disease
C.   Lack cell structure
D.   Lack a nucleus
E.   Contain genetic material
Question #28
The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the _____.
A.   loop
B.   colony
C.   incubator
D.   streak
E.   inoculum
Question #29
The Gram staining procedure is best described as a(n) _______ staining technique.
A.   differential
B.   flagellar
C.   acid-fast or Ziehl-Neelson
D.   capsule
E.   simple
Question #30
The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ______.
A.   kill them
B.   add contrast in order to see them better
C.   see motility
D.   enlarge the cells
E.   secure them to the slide
Question #31
Choose the statement that best describes the role of mitochondria.
A.   Contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules
B.   Store the genetic information of the cell
C.   Control the transport of materials into and out of the cell
D.   Assemble amino acids into polypeptides
E.   Provide cell with energy through cell respiration
Question #32
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.   Spirochete
B.   Vibrio
C.   Tetrad
D.   Coccus
E.   Rod
Question #33
The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the _______.
A.   apicomplexa/sporozoa
B.   mastigophora
C.   None of the choices are correct.
D.   amoeba/sarcodina
E.   ciliophora
Question #34
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.   green plant
B.   fungus
C.   mold
D.   euglena
E.   algae
Question #35
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.   carbon
B.   nitrogen
C.   phosphorous
D.   oxygen
E.   hydrogen
Question #36
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.
A.   move in response to light
B.   None of the choices is correct.
C.   move in response to a chemical
D.   not move in response to a chemical
E.   transport desired molecules into cells
Question #37
The building blocks of an enzyme are _____.
A.   glycerol and fatty acids
B.   nucleotides
C.   phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids
D.   amino acids
E.   monosaccharides
Question #38
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.   acid fast
B.   gram-negative
C.   a spheroplast
D.   found in archaea
E.   gram-positive
Question #39
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?
A.   It is a specific cell wall lipid
B.   It can cause septic shock in the human body
C.   It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
D.   It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
E.   It can stimulate fever in the human body
Question #40
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
A.   polysaccharides
B.   carbohydrates
C.   amino acids
D.   nucleic acids
E.   enzymes
Question #41
Which of the following are mismatched?
A.   Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism
B.   Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals
C.   Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2
Question #42
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is _____.
A.   prostaglandins
B.   triglycerides
C.   steroids
D.   phospholipids
E.   waxes
Question #43
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.   Is digested by most microbes
B.   Has flexibility
C.   Is solid at room temperature
D.   Holds moisture
E.   Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
Question #44
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.   phase contrast
B.   fluorescence
C.   dark field
D.   electron
E.   bright field
Question #45
The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________.
A.   endoplasmic reticulum
B.   histones
C.   chromatin
D.   pores
E.   inclusions
Question #46
Choose the term that best describes the role of protozoan cysts.
A.   Protozoan cysts are the active, growing stage of the organism.
B.   Protozoan cysts are a survival form that allows them to survive adverse environmental conditions between hosts.
C.   Protozoan cysts are necessary for the infection of intermediate hosts while the trophozoites are the stage that infects definitive hosts.
D.   Protozoan cysts are a reproductive stage.
Question #47
The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
A.   penicillinase
B.   None of the choices are correct.
C.   lysozyme
D.   All of the choices are correct.
E.   peptidase
Question #48
The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.
A.   energy reactions and synthesis
B.   motility and slime production
C.   attachment and protection
D.   protection and motility
E.   attachment and motility
Question #49
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.   Cilia
B.   microtubules
C.   None of the choices are correct.
D.   filaments
E.   flagella
Question #50
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______.
A.   hydrophobic molecules
B.   hydrogen bonds
C.   electrolytic molecules
D.   repeating carbohydrates
E.   repeating monomers

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