Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1
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Question #1
The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.
A.
objective
B.
ocular
C.
condenser
D.
stage
E.
nosepiece
Question #2
The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the _______.
A.
cell wall
B.
ribosomes
C.
cell membrane
D.
mitochondria
E.
inclusions
Question #3
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
slime layers
B.
cell membranes
C.
inclusions
D.
cell walls
E.
capsules
Question #4
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the _________.
A.
cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
B.
nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
C.
nucleus; Golgi apparatus
D.
cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
Question #5
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culture medium must be differential.
B.
The culture is contaminated.
C.
The incubation temperature was incorrect.
D.
The microbiologist used too much inoculum.
E.
The culture medium must be selective.
Question #6
Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________.
A.
cristae
B.
enzymes for photosynthesis
C.
70S ribosomes (prokaryote)
D.
electron transport chain proteins
E.
enzymes for metabolism
Question #7
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
A.
Cytoplasmic membrane
B.
Nucleus
C.
Ribosomes
D.
DNA
Question #8
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A.
Glycerol
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
Phosphate
D.
Fatty acids
E.
Alcohol
Question #9
Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?
A.
Adherence
B.
All of the choices are functions.
C.
Protection
D.
Reception of chemical signals
E.
Movement
Question #10
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
cilia
C.
fimbriae
D.
sex pili
E.
flagella
Question #11
A fat is called ______ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens.
A.
saturated
B.
polyunsaturated
C.
monounsaturated
D.
unsaturated
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #12
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
mycoplasmas
B.
gram-negative organisms
C.
cyanobacteria
D.
archaea
E.
gram-positive organisms
Question #13
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Pipette
B.
Swab
C.
Needle
D.
Petri dish
E.
Loop
Question #14
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the _______.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
endoplasmic reticulum
C.
chloroplasts
D.
mitochondria
E.
lysosomes
Question #15
Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?
A.
None of the choices are correct.
B.
Pour plate
C.
Spread plate
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
Streak plate
Question #16
Helminths are _____.
A.
bacteria
B.
infectious particles
C.
parasitic worms
D.
protozoa
E.
molds
Question #17
The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is _____.
A.
isolation
B.
contamination
C.
inoculation
D.
immunization
E.
infection
Question #18
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleosome
B.
chromatin
C.
nucleolus
D.
nucleoplasm
E.
nuclear envelope
Question #19
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
B.
Photosynthetic
C.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
D.
Heterotrophic nutrition
E.
Have cell walls
Question #20
The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.
A.
slime coat
B.
pathogenic package
C.
None of the choices is correct.
D.
glycocalyx
E.
envelope
Question #21
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
Nucleus
C.
Endoplasmic reticulum
D.
Mitochondria
E.
Lysosomes
Question #22
Protists include ______.
A.
helminths
B.
yeasts and molds
C.
algae and protozoa
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #23
The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________.
A.
A DNA virus, a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus, a chloroplast and a mitochondria
B.
A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell
C.
A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell
D.
A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger, eukaryotic cell
Question #24
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _______.
A.
a tumble
B.
positive chemotaxis
C.
positive phototaxis
D.
negative chemotaxis
E.
negative phototaxis
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
synthetic
B.
enriched
C.
complex
D.
minimal
E.
reducing
Question #26
The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ______.
A.
prokaryotes
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
the last common ancestor
D.
bacteria
E.
archaea
Question #27
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
A.
Contain genetic material
B.
Lack a nucleus
C.
Lack cell structure
D.
Cannot be seen without a microscope
E.
Cause human disease
Question #28
The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the _____.
A.
colony
B.
inoculum
C.
incubator
D.
loop
E.
streak
Question #29
The Gram staining procedure is best described as a(n) _______ staining technique.
A.
differential
B.
simple
C.
acid-fast or Ziehl-Neelson
D.
capsule
E.
flagellar
Question #30
The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ______.
A.
secure them to the slide
B.
kill them
C.
see motility
D.
enlarge the cells
E.
add contrast in order to see them better
Question #31
Choose the statement that best describes the role of mitochondria.
A.
Provide cell with energy through cell respiration
B.
Contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules
C.
Assemble amino acids into polypeptides
D.
Store the genetic information of the cell
E.
Control the transport of materials into and out of the cell
Question #32
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Coccus
B.
Spirochete
C.
Vibrio
D.
Rod
E.
Tetrad
Question #33
The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the _______.
A.
mastigophora
B.
apicomplexa/sporozoa
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
amoeba/sarcodina
E.
ciliophora
Question #34
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
algae
B.
mold
C.
fungus
D.
green plant
E.
euglena
Question #35
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
phosphorous
B.
nitrogen
C.
carbon
D.
oxygen
E.
hydrogen
Question #36
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.
A.
None of the choices is correct.
B.
move in response to a chemical
C.
move in response to light
D.
transport desired molecules into cells
E.
not move in response to a chemical
Question #37
A.
glycerol and fatty acids
B.
nucleotides
C.
monosaccharides
D.
phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids
E.
amino acids
Question #38
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
acid fast
B.
a spheroplast
C.
found in archaea
D.
gram-positive
E.
gram-negative
Question #39
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?
A.
It can stimulate fever in the human body
B.
It is a specific cell wall lipid
C.
It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
D.
It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
E.
It can cause septic shock in the human body
Question #40
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
A.
amino acids
B.
nucleic acids
C.
enzymes
D.
polysaccharides
E.
carbohydrates
Question #41
Which of the following are mismatched?
A.
Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals
B.
Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism
C.
Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2
Question #42
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is _____.
A.
phospholipids
B.
waxes
C.
prostaglandins
D.
triglycerides
E.
steroids
Question #43
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is solid at room temperature
B.
Has flexibility
C.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
D.
Is digested by most microbes
E.
Holds moisture
Question #44
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
electron
B.
dark field
C.
fluorescence
D.
bright field
E.
phase contrast
Question #45
The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________.
A.
endoplasmic reticulum
B.
pores
C.
chromatin
D.
inclusions
E.
histones
Question #46
Choose the term that best describes the role of protozoan cysts.
A.
Protozoan cysts are necessary for the infection of intermediate hosts while the trophozoites are the stage that infects definitive hosts.
B.
Protozoan cysts are the active, growing stage of the organism.
C.
Protozoan cysts are a survival form that allows them to survive adverse environmental conditions between hosts.
D.
Protozoan cysts are a reproductive stage.
Question #47
The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
A.
lysozyme
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
peptidase
D.
penicillinase
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #48
The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.
A.
attachment and motility
B.
protection and motility
C.
attachment and protection
D.
motility and slime production
E.
energy reactions and synthesis
Question #49
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
microtubules
B.
filaments
C.
Cilia
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
flagella
Question #50
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______.
A.
hydrogen bonds
B.
electrolytic molecules
C.
repeating carbohydrates
D.
hydrophobic molecules
E.
repeating monomers
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