Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1

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Question #1
The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.
A.   ocular
B.   objective
C.   condenser
D.   stage
E.   nosepiece
Question #2
The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the _______.
A.   ribosomes
B.   inclusions
C.   cell wall
D.   mitochondria
E.   cell membrane
Question #3
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.   cell walls
B.   capsules
C.   inclusions
D.   cell membranes
E.   slime layers
Question #4
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the _________.
A.   nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
B.   cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
C.   cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
D.   nucleus; Golgi apparatus
Question #5
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.   The culture is contaminated.
B.   The culture medium must be differential.
C.   The culture medium must be selective.
D.   The microbiologist used too much inoculum.
E.   The incubation temperature was incorrect.
Question #6
Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________.
A.   electron transport chain proteins
B.   70S ribosomes (prokaryote)
C.   enzymes for photosynthesis
D.   enzymes for metabolism
E.   cristae
Question #7
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
A.   Cytoplasmic membrane
B.   Ribosomes
C.   DNA
D.   Nucleus
Question #8
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A.   Phosphate
B.   Glycerol
C.   Fatty acids
D.   Alcohol
E.   All of the choices are correct.
Question #9
Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?
A.   All of the choices are functions.
B.   Reception of chemical signals
C.   Movement
D.   Adherence
E.   Protection
Question #10
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _______.
A.   fimbriae
B.   flagella
C.   sex pili
D.   cilia
E.   periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Question #11
A fat is called ______ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens.
A.   polyunsaturated
B.   unsaturated
C.   None of the choices are correct.
D.   saturated
E.   monounsaturated
Question #12
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.   archaea
B.   cyanobacteria
C.   gram-positive organisms
D.   mycoplasmas
E.   gram-negative organisms
Question #13
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.   Petri dish
B.   Pipette
C.   Needle
D.   Swab
E.   Loop
Question #14
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the _______.
A.   lysosomes
B.   chloroplasts
C.   mitochondria
D.   Golgi apparatus
E.   endoplasmic reticulum
Question #15
Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?
A.   None of the choices are correct.
B.   Streak plate
C.   Spread plate
D.   All of the choices are correct.
E.   Pour plate
Question #16
Helminths are _____.
A.   molds
B.   parasitic worms
C.   bacteria
D.   infectious particles
E.   protozoa
Question #17
The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is _____.
A.   contamination
B.   immunization
C.   isolation
D.   inoculation
E.   infection
Question #18
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.   nuclear envelope
B.   chromatin
C.   nucleoplasm
D.   nucleolus
E.   nucleosome
Question #19
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.   Photosynthetic
B.   Can use a wide variety of nutrients
C.   Have cell walls
D.   Include single-celled and filamentous forms
E.   Heterotrophic nutrition
Question #20
The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.
A.   envelope
B.   glycocalyx
C.   slime coat
D.   pathogenic package
E.   None of the choices is correct.
Question #21
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
A.   Lysosomes
B.   Mitochondria
C.   Nucleus
D.   All of the choices are correct.
E.   Endoplasmic reticulum
Question #22
Protists include ______.
A.   None of the choices are correct.
B.   algae and protozoa
C.   yeasts and molds
D.   All of the choices are correct.
E.   helminths
Question #23
The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________.
A.   A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell
B.   A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger, eukaryotic cell
C.   A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell
D.   A DNA virus, a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus, a chloroplast and a mitochondria
Question #24
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _______.
A.   positive phototaxis
B.   a tumble
C.   negative chemotaxis
D.   negative phototaxis
E.   positive chemotaxis
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.   reducing
B.   enriched
C.   minimal
D.   synthetic
E.   complex
Question #26
The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ______.
A.   the last common ancestor
B.   archaea
C.   prokaryotes
D.   bacteria
E.   None of the choices are correct.
Question #27
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
A.   Contain genetic material
B.   Lack cell structure
C.   Lack a nucleus
D.   Cannot be seen without a microscope
E.   Cause human disease
Question #28
The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the _____.
A.   inoculum
B.   streak
C.   loop
D.   incubator
E.   colony
Question #29
The Gram staining procedure is best described as a(n) _______ staining technique.
A.   simple
B.   acid-fast or Ziehl-Neelson
C.   flagellar
D.   differential
E.   capsule
Question #30
The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ______.
A.   add contrast in order to see them better
B.   secure them to the slide
C.   kill them
D.   see motility
E.   enlarge the cells
Question #31
Choose the statement that best describes the role of mitochondria.
A.   Assemble amino acids into polypeptides
B.   Contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules
C.   Store the genetic information of the cell
D.   Provide cell with energy through cell respiration
E.   Control the transport of materials into and out of the cell
Question #32
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.   Spirochete
B.   Tetrad
C.   Coccus
D.   Rod
E.   Vibrio
Question #33
The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the _______.
A.   apicomplexa/sporozoa
B.   amoeba/sarcodina
C.   ciliophora
D.   None of the choices are correct.
E.   mastigophora
Question #34
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.   green plant
B.   algae
C.   mold
D.   euglena
E.   fungus
Question #35
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.   phosphorous
B.   nitrogen
C.   hydrogen
D.   oxygen
E.   carbon
Question #36
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.
A.   move in response to light
B.   transport desired molecules into cells
C.   move in response to a chemical
D.   not move in response to a chemical
E.   None of the choices is correct.
Question #37
  
A.   phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids
B.   amino acids
C.   nucleotides
D.   glycerol and fatty acids
E.   monosaccharides
Question #38
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.   acid fast
B.   found in archaea
C.   gram-positive
D.   gram-negative
E.   a spheroplast
Question #39
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?
A.   It can cause septic shock in the human body
B.   It can stimulate fever in the human body
C.   It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
D.   It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
E.   It is a specific cell wall lipid
Question #40
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
A.   polysaccharides
B.   enzymes
C.   nucleic acids
D.   carbohydrates
E.   amino acids
Question #41
Which of the following are mismatched?
A.   Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2
B.   Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals
C.   Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism
Question #42
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is _____.
A.   waxes
B.   steroids
C.   phospholipids
D.   triglycerides
E.   prostaglandins
Question #43
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.   Is solid at room temperature
B.   Holds moisture
C.   Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
D.   Is digested by most microbes
E.   Has flexibility
Question #44
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.   bright field
B.   fluorescence
C.   phase contrast
D.   electron
E.   dark field
Question #45
The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________.
A.   endoplasmic reticulum
B.   inclusions
C.   chromatin
D.   pores
E.   histones
Question #46
Choose the term that best describes the role of protozoan cysts.
A.   Protozoan cysts are a reproductive stage.
B.   Protozoan cysts are a survival form that allows them to survive adverse environmental conditions between hosts.
C.   Protozoan cysts are necessary for the infection of intermediate hosts while the trophozoites are the stage that infects definitive hosts.
D.   Protozoan cysts are the active, growing stage of the organism.
Question #47
The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
A.   penicillinase
B.   None of the choices are correct.
C.   lysozyme
D.   peptidase
E.   All of the choices are correct.
Question #48
The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.
A.   protection and motility
B.   motility and slime production
C.   energy reactions and synthesis
D.   attachment and protection
E.   attachment and motility
Question #49
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.   filaments
B.   Cilia
C.   None of the choices are correct.
D.   microtubules
E.   flagella
Question #50
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______.
A.   hydrophobic molecules
B.   electrolytic molecules
C.   repeating carbohydrates
D.   repeating monomers
E.   hydrogen bonds

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