Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1
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Question #1
The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.
A.
objective
B.
condenser
C.
stage
D.
ocular
E.
nosepiece
Question #2
The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the _______.
A.
mitochondria
B.
cell wall
C.
ribosomes
D.
cell membrane
E.
inclusions
Question #3
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell walls
B.
slime layers
C.
inclusions
D.
cell membranes
E.
capsules
Question #4
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the _________.
A.
nucleus; Golgi apparatus
B.
cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
C.
cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
D.
nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
Question #5
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culture is contaminated.
B.
The culture medium must be selective.
C.
The incubation temperature was incorrect.
D.
The microbiologist used too much inoculum.
E.
The culture medium must be differential.
Question #6
Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________.
A.
70S ribosomes (prokaryote)
B.
enzymes for photosynthesis
C.
electron transport chain proteins
D.
enzymes for metabolism
E.
cristae
Question #7
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
A.
Nucleus
B.
DNA
C.
Cytoplasmic membrane
D.
Ribosomes
Question #8
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A.
Fatty acids
B.
Glycerol
C.
Alcohol
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
Phosphate
Question #9
Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?
A.
Adherence
B.
Protection
C.
Movement
D.
Reception of chemical signals
E.
All of the choices are functions.
Question #10
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _______.
A.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
B.
fimbriae
C.
cilia
D.
sex pili
E.
flagella
Question #11
A fat is called ______ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens.
A.
saturated
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
unsaturated
D.
polyunsaturated
E.
monounsaturated
Question #12
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
gram-negative organisms
B.
mycoplasmas
C.
cyanobacteria
D.
gram-positive organisms
E.
archaea
Question #13
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Swab
B.
Pipette
C.
Needle
D.
Loop
E.
Petri dish
Question #14
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the _______.
A.
Golgi apparatus
B.
chloroplasts
C.
endoplasmic reticulum
D.
lysosomes
E.
mitochondria
Question #15
Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?
A.
Spread plate
B.
Streak plate
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
Pour plate
Question #16
Helminths are _____.
A.
bacteria
B.
molds
C.
infectious particles
D.
parasitic worms
E.
protozoa
Question #17
The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is _____.
A.
contamination
B.
inoculation
C.
infection
D.
isolation
E.
immunization
Question #18
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
chromatin
B.
nuclear envelope
C.
nucleosome
D.
nucleolus
E.
nucleoplasm
Question #19
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
B.
Have cell walls
C.
Heterotrophic nutrition
D.
Photosynthetic
E.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
Question #20
The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.
A.
None of the choices is correct.
B.
glycocalyx
C.
envelope
D.
slime coat
E.
pathogenic package
Question #21
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
Lysosomes
C.
Nucleus
D.
Mitochondria
E.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Question #22
Protists include ______.
A.
helminths
B.
algae and protozoa
C.
yeasts and molds
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #23
The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________.
A.
A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell
B.
A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger, eukaryotic cell
C.
A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell
D.
A DNA virus, a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus, a chloroplast and a mitochondria
Question #24
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _______.
A.
negative phototaxis
B.
positive chemotaxis
C.
negative chemotaxis
D.
positive phototaxis
E.
a tumble
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
enriched
B.
complex
C.
synthetic
D.
reducing
E.
minimal
Question #26
The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ______.
A.
archaea
B.
the last common ancestor
C.
bacteria
D.
prokaryotes
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #27
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
A.
Lack cell structure
B.
Contain genetic material
C.
Cause human disease
D.
Lack a nucleus
E.
Cannot be seen without a microscope
Question #28
The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the _____.
A.
inoculum
B.
loop
C.
incubator
D.
colony
E.
streak
Question #29
The Gram staining procedure is best described as a(n) _______ staining technique.
A.
simple
B.
flagellar
C.
capsule
D.
differential
E.
acid-fast or Ziehl-Neelson
Question #30
The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ______.
A.
enlarge the cells
B.
kill them
C.
see motility
D.
secure them to the slide
E.
add contrast in order to see them better
Question #31
Choose the statement that best describes the role of mitochondria.
A.
Store the genetic information of the cell
B.
Contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules
C.
Control the transport of materials into and out of the cell
D.
Assemble amino acids into polypeptides
E.
Provide cell with energy through cell respiration
Question #32
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Vibrio
B.
Spirochete
C.
Tetrad
D.
Coccus
E.
Rod
Question #33
The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the _______.
A.
amoeba/sarcodina
B.
apicomplexa/sporozoa
C.
mastigophora
D.
ciliophora
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #34
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
algae
B.
mold
C.
fungus
D.
euglena
E.
green plant
Question #35
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
hydrogen
B.
oxygen
C.
carbon
D.
phosphorous
E.
nitrogen
Question #36
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.
A.
move in response to light
B.
not move in response to a chemical
C.
None of the choices is correct.
D.
transport desired molecules into cells
E.
move in response to a chemical
Question #37
A.
amino acids
B.
monosaccharides
C.
phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids
D.
glycerol and fatty acids
E.
nucleotides
Question #38
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
gram-negative
B.
a spheroplast
C.
found in archaea
D.
gram-positive
E.
acid fast
Question #39
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?
A.
It can cause septic shock in the human body
B.
It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
C.
It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
D.
It is a specific cell wall lipid
E.
It can stimulate fever in the human body
Question #40
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
A.
amino acids
B.
carbohydrates
C.
enzymes
D.
nucleic acids
E.
polysaccharides
Question #41
Which of the following are mismatched?
A.
Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism
B.
Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals
C.
Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2
Question #42
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is _____.
A.
triglycerides
B.
prostaglandins
C.
waxes
D.
phospholipids
E.
steroids
Question #43
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
B.
Is solid at room temperature
C.
Holds moisture
D.
Has flexibility
E.
Is digested by most microbes
Question #44
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
dark field
B.
bright field
C.
fluorescence
D.
phase contrast
E.
electron
Question #45
The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________.
A.
histones
B.
pores
C.
endoplasmic reticulum
D.
chromatin
E.
inclusions
Question #46
A.
Protozoan cysts are a survival form that allows them to survive adverse environmental conditions between hosts.
B.
Protozoan cysts are a reproductive stage.
C.
Protozoan cysts are necessary for the infection of intermediate hosts while the trophozoites are the stage that infects definitive hosts.
D.
Protozoan cysts are the active, growing stage of the organism.
Question #47
The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
A.
penicillinase
B.
lysozyme
C.
peptidase
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #48
The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.
A.
energy reactions and synthesis
B.
protection and motility
C.
attachment and motility
D.
attachment and protection
E.
motility and slime production
Question #49
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
flagella
B.
microtubules
C.
Cilia
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
filaments
Question #50
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______.
A.
hydrophobic molecules
B.
electrolytic molecules
C.
repeating monomers
D.
repeating carbohydrates
E.
hydrogen bonds
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