Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1

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Question #1
The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.
A.   condenser
B.   nosepiece
C.   stage
D.   objective
E.   ocular
Question #2
The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the _______.
A.   inclusions
B.   cell wall
C.   mitochondria
D.   ribosomes
E.   cell membrane
Question #3
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.   cell membranes
B.   slime layers
C.   inclusions
D.   capsules
E.   cell walls
Question #4
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the _________.
A.   cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
B.   cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
C.   nucleus; Golgi apparatus
D.   nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
Question #5
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.   The culture medium must be selective.
B.   The culture medium must be differential.
C.   The incubation temperature was incorrect.
D.   The culture is contaminated.
E.   The microbiologist used too much inoculum.
Question #6
Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________.
A.   enzymes for metabolism
B.   electron transport chain proteins
C.   70S ribosomes (prokaryote)
D.   cristae
E.   enzymes for photosynthesis
Question #7
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
A.   Ribosomes
B.   DNA
C.   Cytoplasmic membrane
D.   Nucleus
Question #8
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A.   Alcohol
B.   Fatty acids
C.   All of the choices are correct.
D.   Phosphate
E.   Glycerol
Question #9
Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?
A.   Adherence
B.   Reception of chemical signals
C.   Movement
D.   All of the choices are functions.
E.   Protection
Question #10
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _______.
A.   flagella
B.   fimbriae
C.   sex pili
D.   cilia
E.   periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Question #11
A fat is called ______ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens.
A.   saturated
B.   monounsaturated
C.   unsaturated
D.   polyunsaturated
E.   None of the choices are correct.
Question #12
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.   cyanobacteria
B.   mycoplasmas
C.   gram-negative organisms
D.   gram-positive organisms
E.   archaea
Question #13
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.   Needle
B.   Swab
C.   Pipette
D.   Petri dish
E.   Loop
Question #14
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the _______.
A.   mitochondria
B.   Golgi apparatus
C.   chloroplasts
D.   endoplasmic reticulum
E.   lysosomes
Question #15
Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?
A.   Spread plate
B.   Streak plate
C.   None of the choices are correct.
D.   Pour plate
E.   All of the choices are correct.
Question #16
Helminths are _____.
A.   molds
B.   bacteria
C.   protozoa
D.   parasitic worms
E.   infectious particles
Question #17
The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is _____.
A.   infection
B.   inoculation
C.   immunization
D.   isolation
E.   contamination
Question #18
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.   nucleosome
B.   nucleoplasm
C.   chromatin
D.   nuclear envelope
E.   nucleolus
Question #19
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.   Photosynthetic
B.   Include single-celled and filamentous forms
C.   Can use a wide variety of nutrients
D.   Heterotrophic nutrition
E.   Have cell walls
Question #20
The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.
A.   pathogenic package
B.   envelope
C.   glycocalyx
D.   None of the choices is correct.
E.   slime coat
Question #21
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
A.   Mitochondria
B.   Nucleus
C.   All of the choices are correct.
D.   Lysosomes
E.   Endoplasmic reticulum
Question #22
Protists include ______.
A.   algae and protozoa
B.   yeasts and molds
C.   All of the choices are correct.
D.   None of the choices are correct.
E.   helminths
Question #23
The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________.
A.   A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell
B.   A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell
C.   A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger, eukaryotic cell
D.   A DNA virus, a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus, a chloroplast and a mitochondria
Question #24
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _______.
A.   positive chemotaxis
B.   a tumble
C.   negative phototaxis
D.   positive phototaxis
E.   negative chemotaxis
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.   complex
B.   reducing
C.   synthetic
D.   enriched
E.   minimal
Question #26
The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ______.
A.   None of the choices are correct.
B.   the last common ancestor
C.   bacteria
D.   archaea
E.   prokaryotes
Question #27
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
A.   Cause human disease
B.   Lack cell structure
C.   Contain genetic material
D.   Lack a nucleus
E.   Cannot be seen without a microscope
Question #28
The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the _____.
A.   colony
B.   streak
C.   loop
D.   incubator
E.   inoculum
Question #29
The Gram staining procedure is best described as a(n) _______ staining technique.
A.   acid-fast or Ziehl-Neelson
B.   flagellar
C.   simple
D.   capsule
E.   differential
Question #30
The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ______.
A.   kill them
B.   see motility
C.   enlarge the cells
D.   secure them to the slide
E.   add contrast in order to see them better
Question #31
Choose the statement that best describes the role of mitochondria.
A.   Provide cell with energy through cell respiration
B.   Contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules
C.   Assemble amino acids into polypeptides
D.   Store the genetic information of the cell
E.   Control the transport of materials into and out of the cell
Question #32
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.   Tetrad
B.   Spirochete
C.   Coccus
D.   Rod
E.   Vibrio
Question #33
The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the _______.
A.   mastigophora
B.   ciliophora
C.   apicomplexa/sporozoa
D.   amoeba/sarcodina
E.   None of the choices are correct.
Question #34
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.   euglena
B.   mold
C.   green plant
D.   algae
E.   fungus
Question #35
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.   oxygen
B.   hydrogen
C.   carbon
D.   phosphorous
E.   nitrogen
Question #36
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.
A.   move in response to light
B.   transport desired molecules into cells
C.   move in response to a chemical
D.   not move in response to a chemical
E.   None of the choices is correct.
Question #37
  
A.   nucleotides
B.   amino acids
C.   monosaccharides
D.   glycerol and fatty acids
E.   phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids
Question #38
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.   acid fast
B.   gram-negative
C.   a spheroplast
D.   found in archaea
E.   gram-positive
Question #39
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?
A.   It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
B.   It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
C.   It is a specific cell wall lipid
D.   It can stimulate fever in the human body
E.   It can cause septic shock in the human body
Question #40
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
A.   nucleic acids
B.   polysaccharides
C.   enzymes
D.   carbohydrates
E.   amino acids
Question #41
Which of the following are mismatched?
A.   Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2
B.   Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism
C.   Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals
Question #42
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is _____.
A.   triglycerides
B.   phospholipids
C.   waxes
D.   steroids
E.   prostaglandins
Question #43
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.   Holds moisture
B.   Has flexibility
C.   Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
D.   Is digested by most microbes
E.   Is solid at room temperature
Question #44
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.   bright field
B.   fluorescence
C.   phase contrast
D.   dark field
E.   electron
Question #45
The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________.
A.   inclusions
B.   endoplasmic reticulum
C.   histones
D.   pores
E.   chromatin
Question #46
  
A.   Protozoan cysts are a survival form that allows them to survive adverse environmental conditions between hosts.
B.   Protozoan cysts are necessary for the infection of intermediate hosts while the trophozoites are the stage that infects definitive hosts.
C.   Protozoan cysts are a reproductive stage.
D.   Protozoan cysts are the active, growing stage of the organism.
Question #47
The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
A.   All of the choices are correct.
B.   peptidase
C.   lysozyme
D.   None of the choices are correct.
E.   penicillinase
Question #48
The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.
A.   protection and motility
B.   energy reactions and synthesis
C.   attachment and protection
D.   attachment and motility
E.   motility and slime production
Question #49
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.   flagella
B.   None of the choices are correct.
C.   microtubules
D.   filaments
E.   Cilia
Question #50
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______.
A.   hydrophobic molecules
B.   repeating carbohydrates
C.   hydrogen bonds
D.   electrolytic molecules
E.   repeating monomers

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