Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1

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Question #1
The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.
A.   ocular
B.   condenser
C.   nosepiece
D.   stage
E.   objective
Question #2
The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the _______.
A.   inclusions
B.   cell membrane
C.   cell wall
D.   ribosomes
E.   mitochondria
Question #3
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.   slime layers
B.   inclusions
C.   capsules
D.   cell walls
E.   cell membranes
Question #4
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the _________.
A.   nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
B.   cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
C.   cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
D.   nucleus; Golgi apparatus
Question #5
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.   The culture medium must be differential.
B.   The culture medium must be selective.
C.   The microbiologist used too much inoculum.
D.   The culture is contaminated.
E.   The incubation temperature was incorrect.
Question #6
Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________.
A.   electron transport chain proteins
B.   cristae
C.   enzymes for metabolism
D.   70S ribosomes (prokaryote)
E.   enzymes for photosynthesis
Question #7
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
A.   Nucleus
B.   DNA
C.   Cytoplasmic membrane
D.   Ribosomes
Question #8
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A.   All of the choices are correct.
B.   Phosphate
C.   Glycerol
D.   Fatty acids
E.   Alcohol
Question #9
Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?
A.   Adherence
B.   Movement
C.   Protection
D.   Reception of chemical signals
E.   All of the choices are functions.
Question #10
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _______.
A.   fimbriae
B.   flagella
C.   sex pili
D.   cilia
E.   periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
Question #11
A fat is called ______ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens.
A.   polyunsaturated
B.   monounsaturated
C.   saturated
D.   unsaturated
E.   None of the choices are correct.
Question #12
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.   archaea
B.   gram-negative organisms
C.   cyanobacteria
D.   mycoplasmas
E.   gram-positive organisms
Question #13
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.   Pipette
B.   Swab
C.   Loop
D.   Needle
E.   Petri dish
Question #14
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the _______.
A.   Golgi apparatus
B.   endoplasmic reticulum
C.   chloroplasts
D.   lysosomes
E.   mitochondria
Question #15
Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?
A.   None of the choices are correct.
B.   Spread plate
C.   Pour plate
D.   All of the choices are correct.
E.   Streak plate
Question #16
Helminths are _____.
A.   infectious particles
B.   molds
C.   parasitic worms
D.   protozoa
E.   bacteria
Question #17
The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is _____.
A.   contamination
B.   inoculation
C.   isolation
D.   immunization
E.   infection
Question #18
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.   chromatin
B.   nuclear envelope
C.   nucleolus
D.   nucleoplasm
E.   nucleosome
Question #19
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.   Include single-celled and filamentous forms
B.   Have cell walls
C.   Can use a wide variety of nutrients
D.   Heterotrophic nutrition
E.   Photosynthetic
Question #20
The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.
A.   pathogenic package
B.   None of the choices is correct.
C.   glycocalyx
D.   slime coat
E.   envelope
Question #21
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
A.   Endoplasmic reticulum
B.   All of the choices are correct.
C.   Mitochondria
D.   Lysosomes
E.   Nucleus
Question #22
Protists include ______.
A.   algae and protozoa
B.   yeasts and molds
C.   helminths
D.   None of the choices are correct.
E.   All of the choices are correct.
Question #23
The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________.
A.   A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger, eukaryotic cell
B.   A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell
C.   A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell
D.   A DNA virus, a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus, a chloroplast and a mitochondria
Question #24
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _______.
A.   negative phototaxis
B.   positive chemotaxis
C.   positive phototaxis
D.   a tumble
E.   negative chemotaxis
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.   complex
B.   minimal
C.   enriched
D.   reducing
E.   synthetic
Question #26
The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ______.
A.   archaea
B.   bacteria
C.   the last common ancestor
D.   None of the choices are correct.
E.   prokaryotes
Question #27
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
A.   Cannot be seen without a microscope
B.   Lack a nucleus
C.   Lack cell structure
D.   Cause human disease
E.   Contain genetic material
Question #28
The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the _____.
A.   colony
B.   streak
C.   incubator
D.   inoculum
E.   loop
Question #29
The Gram staining procedure is best described as a(n) _______ staining technique.
A.   flagellar
B.   acid-fast or Ziehl-Neelson
C.   differential
D.   simple
E.   capsule
Question #30
The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ______.
A.   secure them to the slide
B.   enlarge the cells
C.   see motility
D.   kill them
E.   add contrast in order to see them better
Question #31
Choose the statement that best describes the role of mitochondria.
A.   Assemble amino acids into polypeptides
B.   Control the transport of materials into and out of the cell
C.   Store the genetic information of the cell
D.   Provide cell with energy through cell respiration
E.   Contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules
Question #32
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.   Coccus
B.   Vibrio
C.   Tetrad
D.   Spirochete
E.   Rod
Question #33
The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the _______.
A.   amoeba/sarcodina
B.   ciliophora
C.   mastigophora
D.   apicomplexa/sporozoa
E.   None of the choices are correct.
Question #34
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.   euglena
B.   algae
C.   green plant
D.   mold
E.   fungus
Question #35
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.   hydrogen
B.   carbon
C.   phosphorous
D.   nitrogen
E.   oxygen
Question #36
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.
A.   move in response to light
B.   not move in response to a chemical
C.   move in response to a chemical
D.   None of the choices is correct.
E.   transport desired molecules into cells
Question #37
The building blocks of an enzyme are _____.
A.   nucleotides
B.   monosaccharides
C.   amino acids
D.   glycerol and fatty acids
E.   phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids
Question #38
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.   a spheroplast
B.   gram-positive
C.   found in archaea
D.   gram-negative
E.   acid fast
Question #39
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?
A.   It is a specific cell wall lipid
B.   It can stimulate fever in the human body
C.   It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
D.   It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
E.   It can cause septic shock in the human body
Question #40
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
A.   enzymes
B.   polysaccharides
C.   amino acids
D.   carbohydrates
E.   nucleic acids
Question #41
Which of the following are mismatched?
A.   Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2
B.   Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals
C.   Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism
Question #42
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is _____.
A.   waxes
B.   triglycerides
C.   prostaglandins
D.   steroids
E.   phospholipids
Question #43
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.   Holds moisture
B.   Has flexibility
C.   Is digested by most microbes
D.   Is solid at room temperature
E.   Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
Question #44
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.   dark field
B.   electron
C.   phase contrast
D.   bright field
E.   fluorescence
Question #45
The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________.
A.   chromatin
B.   histones
C.   endoplasmic reticulum
D.   pores
E.   inclusions
Question #46
  
A.   Protozoan cysts are the active, growing stage of the organism.
B.   Protozoan cysts are a reproductive stage.
C.   Protozoan cysts are necessary for the infection of intermediate hosts while the trophozoites are the stage that infects definitive hosts.
D.   Protozoan cysts are a survival form that allows them to survive adverse environmental conditions between hosts.
Question #47
The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
A.   peptidase
B.   None of the choices are correct.
C.   penicillinase
D.   lysozyme
E.   All of the choices are correct.
Question #48
The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.
A.   energy reactions and synthesis
B.   protection and motility
C.   motility and slime production
D.   attachment and motility
E.   attachment and protection
Question #49
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.   Cilia
B.   filaments
C.   flagella
D.   None of the choices are correct.
E.   microtubules
Question #50
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______.
A.   electrolytic molecules
B.   repeating carbohydrates
C.   repeating monomers
D.   hydrophobic molecules
E.   hydrogen bonds

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