Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1

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Question #1
The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.
A.   nosepiece
B.   objective
C.   condenser
D.   stage
E.   ocular
Question #2
The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the _______.
A.   cell membrane
B.   cell wall
C.   inclusions
D.   mitochondria
E.   ribosomes
Question #3
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.   slime layers
B.   cell membranes
C.   inclusions
D.   cell walls
E.   capsules
Question #4
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the _________.
A.   nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
B.   cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
C.   nucleus; Golgi apparatus
D.   cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
Question #5
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.   The culture medium must be selective.
B.   The culture is contaminated.
C.   The culture medium must be differential.
D.   The incubation temperature was incorrect.
E.   The microbiologist used too much inoculum.
Question #6
Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________.
A.   enzymes for metabolism
B.   electron transport chain proteins
C.   70S ribosomes (prokaryote)
D.   enzymes for photosynthesis
E.   cristae
Question #7
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
A.   Ribosomes
B.   Nucleus
C.   DNA
D.   Cytoplasmic membrane
Question #8
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A.   All of the choices are correct.
B.   Phosphate
C.   Fatty acids
D.   Alcohol
E.   Glycerol
Question #9
Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?
A.   Movement
B.   Reception of chemical signals
C.   All of the choices are functions.
D.   Protection
E.   Adherence
Question #10
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _______.
A.   fimbriae
B.   flagella
C.   periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
D.   sex pili
E.   cilia
Question #11
A fat is called ______ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens.
A.   polyunsaturated
B.   monounsaturated
C.   None of the choices are correct.
D.   saturated
E.   unsaturated
Question #12
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.   gram-negative organisms
B.   gram-positive organisms
C.   archaea
D.   cyanobacteria
E.   mycoplasmas
Question #13
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.   Loop
B.   Petri dish
C.   Needle
D.   Swab
E.   Pipette
Question #14
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the _______.
A.   lysosomes
B.   Golgi apparatus
C.   mitochondria
D.   endoplasmic reticulum
E.   chloroplasts
Question #15
Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?
A.   Pour plate
B.   Spread plate
C.   Streak plate
D.   All of the choices are correct.
E.   None of the choices are correct.
Question #16
Helminths are _____.
A.   parasitic worms
B.   bacteria
C.   molds
D.   infectious particles
E.   protozoa
Question #17
The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is _____.
A.   inoculation
B.   contamination
C.   isolation
D.   immunization
E.   infection
Question #18
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.   nucleolus
B.   chromatin
C.   nucleoplasm
D.   nuclear envelope
E.   nucleosome
Question #19
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.   Have cell walls
B.   Include single-celled and filamentous forms
C.   Can use a wide variety of nutrients
D.   Photosynthetic
E.   Heterotrophic nutrition
Question #20
The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.
A.   None of the choices is correct.
B.   slime coat
C.   pathogenic package
D.   glycocalyx
E.   envelope
Question #21
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
A.   Nucleus
B.   Lysosomes
C.   Mitochondria
D.   All of the choices are correct.
E.   Endoplasmic reticulum
Question #22
Protists include ______.
A.   yeasts and molds
B.   None of the choices are correct.
C.   helminths
D.   All of the choices are correct.
E.   algae and protozoa
Question #23
The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________.
A.   A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger, eukaryotic cell
B.   A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell
C.   A DNA virus, a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus, a chloroplast and a mitochondria
D.   A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell
Question #24
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _______.
A.   positive phototaxis
B.   negative chemotaxis
C.   negative phototaxis
D.   a tumble
E.   positive chemotaxis
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.   synthetic
B.   complex
C.   minimal
D.   reducing
E.   enriched
Question #26
The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ______.
A.   prokaryotes
B.   bacteria
C.   None of the choices are correct.
D.   the last common ancestor
E.   archaea
Question #27
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
A.   Cause human disease
B.   Contain genetic material
C.   Cannot be seen without a microscope
D.   Lack cell structure
E.   Lack a nucleus
Question #28
The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the _____.
A.   inoculum
B.   incubator
C.   streak
D.   loop
E.   colony
Question #29
The Gram staining procedure is best described as a(n) _______ staining technique.
A.   acid-fast or Ziehl-Neelson
B.   simple
C.   flagellar
D.   capsule
E.   differential
Question #30
The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ______.
A.   enlarge the cells
B.   add contrast in order to see them better
C.   kill them
D.   see motility
E.   secure them to the slide
Question #31
Choose the statement that best describes the role of mitochondria.
A.   Assemble amino acids into polypeptides
B.   Provide cell with energy through cell respiration
C.   Control the transport of materials into and out of the cell
D.   Contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules
E.   Store the genetic information of the cell
Question #32
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.   Vibrio
B.   Coccus
C.   Spirochete
D.   Tetrad
E.   Rod
Question #33
The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the _______.
A.   None of the choices are correct.
B.   amoeba/sarcodina
C.   ciliophora
D.   mastigophora
E.   apicomplexa/sporozoa
Question #34
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.   green plant
B.   mold
C.   algae
D.   fungus
E.   euglena
Question #35
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.   hydrogen
B.   carbon
C.   phosphorous
D.   nitrogen
E.   oxygen
Question #36
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.
A.   not move in response to a chemical
B.   move in response to light
C.   move in response to a chemical
D.   transport desired molecules into cells
E.   None of the choices is correct.
Question #37
The building blocks of an enzyme are _____.
A.   glycerol and fatty acids
B.   amino acids
C.   monosaccharides
D.   phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids
E.   nucleotides
Question #38
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.   a spheroplast
B.   acid fast
C.   gram-negative
D.   gram-positive
E.   found in archaea
Question #39
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?
A.   It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
B.   It can cause septic shock in the human body
C.   It can stimulate fever in the human body
D.   It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
E.   It is a specific cell wall lipid
Question #40
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
A.   enzymes
B.   carbohydrates
C.   nucleic acids
D.   polysaccharides
E.   amino acids
Question #41
Which of the following are mismatched?
A.   Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism
B.   Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals
C.   Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2
Question #42
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is _____.
A.   phospholipids
B.   triglycerides
C.   prostaglandins
D.   steroids
E.   waxes
Question #43
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.   Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
B.   Holds moisture
C.   Is solid at room temperature
D.   Has flexibility
E.   Is digested by most microbes
Question #44
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.   dark field
B.   fluorescence
C.   bright field
D.   phase contrast
E.   electron
Question #45
The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________.
A.   pores
B.   inclusions
C.   chromatin
D.   histones
E.   endoplasmic reticulum
Question #46
  
A.   Protozoan cysts are necessary for the infection of intermediate hosts while the trophozoites are the stage that infects definitive hosts.
B.   Protozoan cysts are the active, growing stage of the organism.
C.   Protozoan cysts are a reproductive stage.
D.   Protozoan cysts are a survival form that allows them to survive adverse environmental conditions between hosts.
Question #47
The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
A.   None of the choices are correct.
B.   penicillinase
C.   All of the choices are correct.
D.   lysozyme
E.   peptidase
Question #48
The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.
A.   motility and slime production
B.   protection and motility
C.   attachment and protection
D.   attachment and motility
E.   energy reactions and synthesis
Question #49
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.   flagella
B.   filaments
C.   Cilia
D.   microtubules
E.   None of the choices are correct.
Question #50
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______.
A.   electrolytic molecules
B.   hydrophobic molecules
C.   hydrogen bonds
D.   repeating carbohydrates
E.   repeating monomers

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