Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1
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Question #1
The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.
A.
stage
B.
objective
C.
ocular
D.
nosepiece
E.
condenser
Question #2
The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the _______.
A.
ribosomes
B.
cell wall
C.
inclusions
D.
cell membrane
E.
mitochondria
Question #3
Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial _______.
A.
cell walls
B.
slime layers
C.
inclusions
D.
capsules
E.
cell membranes
Question #4
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the _________.
A.
nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
B.
cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus
C.
cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
D.
nucleus; Golgi apparatus
Question #5
A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?
A.
The culture medium must be selective.
B.
The microbiologist used too much inoculum.
C.
The culture medium must be differential.
D.
The culture is contaminated.
E.
The incubation temperature was incorrect.
Question #6
Mitochondria possess all of the following except ________.
A.
enzymes for metabolism
B.
electron transport chain proteins
C.
cristae
D.
70S ribosomes (prokaryote)
E.
enzymes for photosynthesis
Question #7
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
A.
DNA
B.
Ribosomes
C.
Cytoplasmic membrane
D.
Nucleus
Question #8
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A.
Alcohol
B.
Phosphate
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
Fatty acids
E.
Glycerol
Question #9
Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx?
A.
Reception of chemical signals
B.
Protection
C.
Adherence
D.
Movement
E.
All of the choices are functions.
Question #10
Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called _______.
A.
fimbriae
B.
periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)
C.
cilia
D.
sex pili
E.
flagella
Question #11
A fat is called ______ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens.
A.
polyunsaturated
B.
unsaturated
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
saturated
E.
monounsaturated
Question #12
Lysozyme is most effective against _______.
A.
mycoplasmas
B.
cyanobacteria
C.
gram-negative organisms
D.
gram-positive organisms
E.
archaea
Question #13
Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?
A.
Loop
B.
Needle
C.
Petri dish
D.
Pipette
E.
Swab
Question #14
The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the _______.
A.
lysosomes
B.
chloroplasts
C.
mitochondria
D.
endoplasmic reticulum
E.
Golgi apparatus
Question #15
Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?
A.
Streak plate
B.
None of the choices are correct.
C.
All of the choices are correct.
D.
Pour plate
E.
Spread plate
Question #16
Helminths are _____.
A.
infectious particles
B.
molds
C.
protozoa
D.
parasitic worms
E.
bacteria
Question #17
The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is _____.
A.
isolation
B.
immunization
C.
inoculation
D.
infection
E.
contamination
Question #18
When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____.
A.
nucleoplasm
B.
chromatin
C.
nuclear envelope
D.
nucleosome
E.
nucleolus
Question #19
Which is not a characteristic of fungi?
A.
Can use a wide variety of nutrients
B.
Photosynthetic
C.
Heterotrophic nutrition
D.
Include single-celled and filamentous forms
E.
Have cell walls
Question #20
The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.
A.
pathogenic package
B.
slime coat
C.
None of the choices is correct.
D.
envelope
E.
glycocalyx
Question #21
Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria?
A.
Endoplasmic reticulum
B.
Mitochondria
C.
Nucleus
D.
All of the choices are correct.
E.
Lysosomes
Question #22
Protists include ______.
A.
algae and protozoa
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
yeasts and molds
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
helminths
Question #23
The best definition of endosymbiosis is ________.
A.
A photosynthetic bacterial cell and an aerobic bacterial cell fused to become a larger, eukaryotic cell
B.
A pre-eukaryotic cell was infected by a prokaryote, and symbiosis between the two cell types gave rise to the modern-day eukaryotic cell
C.
A DNA virus, a bacteria and a photosynthetic prokaryote fused to form a nucleus, a chloroplast and a mitochondria
D.
A eukaryotic cell ingested a bacterial cell and the organelles fused producing a larger cell
Question #24
Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _______.
A.
negative phototaxis
B.
negative chemotaxis
C.
a tumble
D.
positive phototaxis
E.
positive chemotaxis
Question #25
A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed _____.
A.
enriched
B.
reducing
C.
complex
D.
minimal
E.
synthetic
Question #26
The first primitive eukaryotic cells likely evolved from ______.
A.
the last common ancestor
B.
archaea
C.
prokaryotes
D.
bacteria
E.
None of the choices are correct.
Question #27
Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
A.
Cause human disease
B.
Contain genetic material
C.
Lack cell structure
D.
Cannot be seen without a microscope
E.
Lack a nucleus
Question #28
The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is the _____.
A.
loop
B.
inoculum
C.
colony
D.
incubator
E.
streak
Question #29
The Gram staining procedure is best described as a(n) _______ staining technique.
A.
simple
B.
acid-fast or Ziehl-Neelson
C.
differential
D.
capsule
E.
flagellar
Question #30
The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to ______.
A.
enlarge the cells
B.
see motility
C.
secure them to the slide
D.
add contrast in order to see them better
E.
kill them
Question #31
Choose the statement that best describes the role of mitochondria.
A.
Contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest macromolecules
B.
Store the genetic information of the cell
C.
Assemble amino acids into polypeptides
D.
Provide cell with energy through cell respiration
E.
Control the transport of materials into and out of the cell
Question #32
Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?
A.
Vibrio
B.
Rod
C.
Tetrad
D.
Spirochete
E.
Coccus
Question #33
The group of protozoa that have gliding motility are the _______.
A.
mastigophora
B.
apicomplexa/sporozoa
C.
None of the choices are correct.
D.
ciliophora
E.
amoeba/sarcodina
Question #34
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____.
A.
fungus
B.
euglena
C.
mold
D.
green plant
E.
algae
Question #35
Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _____ bonded to other atoms.
A.
oxygen
B.
nitrogen
C.
carbon
D.
phosphorous
E.
hydrogen
Question #36
Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.
A.
not move in response to a chemical
B.
move in response to light
C.
None of the choices is correct.
D.
transport desired molecules into cells
E.
move in response to a chemical
Question #37
The building blocks of an enzyme are _____.
A.
monosaccharides
B.
glycerol and fatty acids
C.
nucleotides
D.
amino acids
E.
phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids
Question #38
A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______.
A.
gram-negative
B.
found in archaea
C.
a spheroplast
D.
gram-positive
E.
acid fast
Question #39
Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin?
A.
It can stimulate fever in the human body
B.
It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases
C.
It can cause septic shock in the human body
D.
It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls
E.
It is a specific cell wall lipid
Question #40
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.
A.
nucleic acids
B.
carbohydrates
C.
enzymes
D.
polysaccharides
E.
amino acids
Question #41
Which of the following are mismatched?
A.
Saprobe - obtain nutrients from the remains of dead plants and animals
B.
Parasite - obtain nutrients from a living organism to the detriment of that organism
C.
Heterotroph - synthesize organic nutrients using light energy and CO2
Question #42
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is _____.
A.
triglycerides
B.
phospholipids
C.
steroids
D.
waxes
E.
prostaglandins
Question #43
Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?
A.
Is digested by most microbes
B.
Holds moisture
C.
Has flexibility
D.
Can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful
E.
Is solid at room temperature
Question #44
The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.
A.
bright field
B.
fluorescence
C.
dark field
D.
electron
E.
phase contrast
Question #45
The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ________.
A.
chromatin
B.
endoplasmic reticulum
C.
histones
D.
inclusions
E.
pores
Question #46
A.
Protozoan cysts are a reproductive stage.
B.
Protozoan cysts are necessary for the infection of intermediate hosts while the trophozoites are the stage that infects definitive hosts.
C.
Protozoan cysts are the active, growing stage of the organism.
D.
Protozoan cysts are a survival form that allows them to survive adverse environmental conditions between hosts.
Question #47
The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.
A.
All of the choices are correct.
B.
peptidase
C.
penicillinase
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
lysozyme
Question #48
The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.
A.
protection and motility
B.
attachment and protection
C.
attachment and motility
D.
motility and slime production
E.
energy reactions and synthesis
Question #49
There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _______ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia.
A.
flagella
B.
filaments
C.
Cilia
D.
None of the choices are correct.
E.
microtubules
Question #50
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of ______.
A.
repeating monomers
B.
repeating carbohydrates
C.
hydrogen bonds
D.
electrolytic molecules
E.
hydrophobic molecules
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