A.   Thermophilic only

B.   Chemoheterotrophic only

C.   Chemoautotrophic only

D.   Chemoautotrophic, Thermophilic, Chemoheterotrophic

A.   This nutrient is a major part of all organic compounds in the cell as well as water, the major component of the cell

B.   A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

C.   A cell is unable to synthesize proteins and nucleic acids due to a deficiency in this essential nutrient required for their structure

A.   A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

B.   A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

C.   A cell is unable to synthesize proteins and nucleic acids due to a deficiency in this essential nutrient required for their structure

A.   This nutrient is a major part of all organic compounds in the cell as well as water, the major component of the cell

B.   A cell's proteins are misshapen or unstable because of its lack of the amino acids cysteine and methionine (composed in part by this nutrient)

C.   A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

A.   A cell requires this nutrient for pH maintenance and the bonds between DNA strands

B.   A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

C.   This nutrient is a major part of all organic compounds in the cell as well as water, the major component of the cell

A.   A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

B.   A cell requires this nutrient for pH maintenance and the bonds between DNA strands

C.   A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

A.   A cell requires this nutrient for pH maintenance and the bonds between DNA strands

B.   A fundamental component of organic molecules consumed by and produced by the cell

C.   A cell is unable to produce ATP and its cell membrane has lost its integrity because of a deficiency of this nutrient

A.   A cell in this environment will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

B.   A cell in this environment will swell as water moves in by osmosis, and may lyse if it does not have a cell wall.

C.   A cell in this environment will neither shrink nor swell as there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell by osmosis.

A.   A cell in this environment will swell as water moves in by osmosis, and may lyse if it does not have a cell wall.

B.   A cell in this environment will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

C.   A cell in this environment will neither shrink nor swell as there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell by osmosis.

A.   A cell in this environment will swell as water moves in by osmosis, and may lyse if it does not have a cell wall.

B.   A cell in this environment will neither shrink nor swell as there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell by osmosis.

C.   A cell in this environment will lose water and shrink as water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

A.   Describes an organism that has an optimum growth temperature between 15°C and 30°C, but is able to grow slowly at colder temperatures

B.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 80°C to 120°C

C.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

A.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C

B.   Describes an organism that has an optimum growth temperature between 15°C and 30°C, but is able to grow slowly at colder temperatures

C.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

A.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

B.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C

C.   Describes an organism that has an optimum growth temperature between 15°C and 30°C, but is able to grow slowly at colder temperatures

A.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 45°C to 80°C

B.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 40°C

C.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

A.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 80°C to 120°C

B.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 45°C to 80°C

C.   Describes an organism that grows optimally at temperatures ranging from 0°C to 15°C

A.   Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

B.   Describes an organism that is unable to use oxygen and lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen, thus requiring the absence of oxygen for growth

C.   Describes an organism that does not use oxygen, but can grow to a limited extent in the presence of oxygen

A.   Describes an organism that cannot grow at normal atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but does require a small amount of oxygen for growth

B.   Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

C.   Describes an organism that can grow in the presence of oxygen and can detoxify it, but can also grow in the absence of oxygen

A.   Describes an organism that cannot grow at normal atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but does require a small amount of oxygen for growth

B.   Describes an organism that can grow in the presence of oxygen and can detoxify it, but can also grow in the absence of oxygen

C.   Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

A.   Describes an organism that is unable to use oxygen and lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen, thus requiring the absence of oxygen for growth

B.   Describes an organism that cannot grow at normal atmospheric oxygen concentrations, but does require a small amount of oxygen for growth

C.   Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

A.   Describes an organism that does not use oxygen, but can grow to a limited extent in the presence of oxygen

B.   Describes an organism that is unable to use oxygen and lacks the enzymes to detoxify oxygen, thus requiring the absence of oxygen for growth

C.   Describes an organism that requires oxygen for growth and has the enzymes to remove toxic by-products of oxygen metabolism

A.   Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

B.   Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

C.   Phase during which nutrient depletion and accumulation of wastes begin to slow cell growth such that the rate of cell increase equals the rate of cell death

A.   Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

B.   Phase during which nutrient depletion and accumulation of wastes begin to slow cell growth such that the rate of cell increase equals the rate of cell death

C.   Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

A.   Nutrient depletion and waste accumulation prevent cell growth and cells die exponentially

B.   Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

C.   Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

A.   Adjustment period during which cells are dividing slowly while they adjust to growth conditions

B.   Phase during which cells are growing very quickly, at their maximum rate of cell division

C.   Nutrient depletion and waste accumulation prevent cell growth and cells die exponentially

A.   This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

B.   An automated cell-counting device that requires fluorescent labeling of cells that will be scanned and counted

C.   A spectrophotometer is used to measure the light scattering properties of a bacterial culture. As the number of bacteria increase, more light is scattered and less is transmitted to the detector

A.   This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

B.   This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

C.   A spectrophotometer is used to measure the light scattering properties of a bacterial culture. As the number of bacteria increase, more light is scattered and less is transmitted to the detector

A.   An automated cell-counting device that scans a culture as it passes through a tiny pipette

B.   A spectrophotometer is used to measure the light scattering properties of a bacterial culture. As the number of bacteria increase, more light is scattered and less is transmitted to the detector

C.   This method uses a special slide (cytometer) and cells are counted by observing them through a microscope

A.   An automated cell-counting device that scans a culture as it passes through a tiny pipette

B.   An automated cell-counting device that requires fluorescent labeling of cells that will be scanned and counted

C.   An automated cell-counting device that scans a culture as it passes through a tiny pipette

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   transcribe

B.   hydrolyze

C.   translate

D.   replicate

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   ribosomes

B.   All of the choices are correct.

C.   septum

D.   replicated DNA

A.   the hydrolysis of GTP

B.   the synthesis of G

C.   the hydrolysis of gyrase

D.   the hydrolysis of ATP

A.   Helicase

B.   RNA polymerase

C.   Gyrase

D.   DNA polymerase

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   fragmentation

B.   sexual reproduction

C.   binary fission

D.   budding

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   roughly 100,000

B.   between 1.5 and 2 billion

C.   several million

D.   several thousand

A.   neutral

B.   harmful

C.   beneficia

D.   All of the choices are correct.

A.   can grow at a broad range of temperatures from -5°C to 80°C

B.   grow at different temperatures based on the availability of oxygen

C.   grow best at an optimum temperature and a range above and below it

D.   grow at different temperatures based on the availability of nutrients

A.   growth of the microbe in the intestinal tract and intestinal lining

B.   the buildup of oxidative by-products such as O- in the food

C.   toxins produced by the microbe in the intestinal tract

D.   toxins produced by microbes as they grow in the food

A.   budding

B.   endospores

C.   sexual reproduction

D.   binary fission

A.   64

B.   12

C.   6

D.   32

A.   anaerobes

B.   aerobes

C.   capnophiles

D.   methanogens

A.   alkalinophiles

B.   acidophiles

C.   neutrophiles

A.   Cells begin to die at a temperature slightly above the maximum.

B.   Cells survive but do not divide at temperatures above the maximum.

C.   Cells divide more rapidly as the temperature increases above the optimum.

D.   Cells gradually die as temperatures rise above the minimum.

A.   Cells divide more rapidly as the temperature decreases below the optimum.

B.   Cells survive but do not divide at temperatures below the minimum.

C.   Cells begin to rapidly die at a temperature just below the optimum.

A.   Chicken cooked to 170°F

B.   Food stored at 60°F

C.   Food stored in a refrigerator

D.   Food frozen to 0°C

A.   can be as short as 12 hours

B.   increase over that seen in unfavourable conditions

C.   is remarkably stable, showing little change

D.   can be as short as 30 minutes

A.   nutrients

B.   pH

C.   temperature

D.   oxygen

A.   the low temperature where they physically die and the high temperature where they stop multiplying

B.   the low temperature where microbes stop multiplying and the high temperature where they stop multiplying

C.   the low temperature where microbes physically die and the high temperature where they physically die

D.   the low temperature where microbes stop multiplying and the high temperature where they physically die