Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Viruses 1
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Question #1
Every virus particle contains ________.
A.
ribosomes
B.
DNA and RNA
C.
either DNA or RNA
D.
DNA
Question #2
Viral capsids are composed of ________.
A.
carbohydrates
B.
protein
C.
nucleic acids
D.
lipids
Question #3
When present, what is the viral envelope composed of?
A.
Nucleic acid
B.
Carbohydrates
C.
Peptidoglycan
D.
Proteins and lipids
Question #4
Almost immediately upon entry, the viral nucleic acid alters the genetic expression of the host cell.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #5
Viral spikes ________.
A.
attach nonspecifically to host cell receptors
B.
are made of lipids
C.
are present in all viruses
D.
attach specifically to host cell receptors
Question #6
In viral entry by endocytosis ________.
A.
the host cell's plasma membrane surrounds only the viral nucleic acid coat and forms a vesicle
B.
the host cell's plasma membrane surrounds the whole virion and forms a vesicle
C.
viral spikes fuse with the host cell's plasma membrane to form a vesicle
D.
the host cell's plasma membrane surrounds only the viral protein acid coat and forms a vesicle
Question #7
Both enveloped and naked viruses can enter a cell by endocytosis.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #8
A naked virus fuses with the host cell membrane.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #9
What will happen once a virus has entered a host cell and uncoated?
A.
The genetic material of the virus will disintegrate
B.
The virus will kill the cell
C.
The synthesis of new virions will occur
D.
A new envelope will surround the nucleic acid
Question #10
Viruses can be grown on culture media like bacteria.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #11
Animal viruses always kill cells they infect.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #12
An envelope is acquired during which step of the viral life cycle?
A.
Synthesis
B.
Penetration
C.
Release
D.
Adsorption
Question #13
All viruses leave a cell by exocytosis.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #14
The capsid of a virus is ________.
A.
a subunit of the viral cell wall
B.
a protein shell that surrounds the nucleic acid
C.
made up mainly of polysaccharides
D.
a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleic acid
Question #15
The general steps in viral replication (in order) are ________.
A.
penetration, synthesis, assembly, release
B.
adsorption, penetration, release, synthesis, assembly
C.
adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, release
D.
adsorption, penetration, synthesis, release, assembly
Question #16
The T-even bacteriophages such as T2 and T4 infect ________.
A.
Escherichia coli
B.
Staphylococcus aureus
C.
Clostridium tetani
D.
tobacco leaves
Question #17
A major difference in the replication of animal viruses and bacteriophages is the ______ step.
A.
assembly
B.
release
C.
synthesis
D.
penetration
Question #18
A bacteriophage initially associates with which bacterial structure?
A.
The cytoplasmic membrane
B.
The bacterial chromosome
C.
The bacterial cell wall
D.
Bacterial ribosomes
Question #19
Bacteriophage DNA directs the degradation of the bacterial host cell's DNA.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #20
Once inside the host cell, viral DNA directs production of _______.
A.
new viral particles
B.
bacterial endospores
C.
bacterial flagella
D.
bacterial exotoxins
Question #21
The final step in T2 bacteriophage infection results in _______.
A.
lysis of the bacterial cell and release of new viral particles
B.
incorporation of viral DNA into the bacterial chromosome
C.
mutation of bacterial DNA
D.
rapid reproduction of new bacterial cells
Question #22
Phage DNA encodes for the proteins of the viral capsid and ________.
A.
spike proteins that are inserted into the plasma membrane
B.
regulatory proteins which direct the production and assembly of the capsid proteins
C.
transmembrane proteins that allow the virus to escape the cell
D.
lipases that allow the virus to escape the cell
Question #23
How does bacteriophage DNA get into the host cell?
A.
By receptor-mediated endocytosis
B.
It is injected
C.
By fusion with the cell's plasma membrane
D.
It attaches to receptors which bring in a single-strand
Question #24
Viral cycles that end in release of the new phages and immediate destruction of the host bacterial cell are referred to as ______.
A.
acute
B.
lysogenic
C.
lytic
D.
latent
Question #25
T-even phages can replicate independently of a host cell.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #26
The first event to occur is _______.
A.
viral spike proteins are inserted into the host cell membrane
B.
the inside of the host cell membrane becomes coated with capsid
C.
the inside of the host cell membrane becomes coated with viral matrix protein
D.
the viral capsid becomes enclosed by the cell membrane
Question #27
The viral capsid _______.
A.
is dissolved
B.
surrounds the viral matrix protein
C.
becomes completely enclosed by the region of the cell membrane into which the spikes and matrix protein are embedded
D.
engulfs the viral spikes
Question #28
Enveloped viruses are usually released from the host cell by _______.
A.
budding
B.
endocytosis
C.
phagocytosis
D.
lysis of the host cell
Question #29
A portion of the viral envelope comes from the cell membrane of the host cell.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #30
Enveloped viruses are usually released from the host cell by exocytosis.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #31
In the lytic cycle of phage replication, _______.
A.
phage genes exist as prophage
B.
phage nucleic acid is replicated and phage genes are expressed, making new phage protein and lysing the host cell
C.
phage genes integrate into the host cell genome and are not expressed
D.
phage DNA remains inside the protein coat
Question #32
A prophage is ________.
A.
phage DNA being actively expressed
B.
toxic to the host bacterial cell
C.
phage protein left outside the bacterium
D.
phage DNA integrated into host cell genome
Question #33
Which of the following can cause a phage in the lysogenic stage to revert to the lytic stage?
A.
Ultraviolet light
B.
Darkness
C.
Lack of nutrients
D.
A competing phage
E.
An electrical charge
Question #34
In the lysogenic stage of phage replication, the host cell is lysed.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #35
Once a phage becomes lysogenic, it will remain lysogenic and never be lytic again.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
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