Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Microbial Metabolism 1
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Question #1
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. CO₂ is fixed into glucose following six turns of the Calvin cycle.
A.
anabolic
B.
catabolic
Question #2
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. Triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids which enter glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
A.
catabolic
B.
anabolic
Question #3
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester bond between nucleotides during replication.
A.
catabolic
B.
anabolic
Question #4
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. Messenger RNA is translated into proteins in the ribosomes.
A.
catabolic
B.
anabolic
Question #5
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. Removal of the amino group in an amino acid converts it to a carbohydrate in a process called deamination.
A.
anabolic
B.
catabolic
Question #6
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. Peptidoglycan is produced during binary fission.
A.
catabolic
B.
anabolic
Question #7
Enzyme action can be blocked by competitive molecules binding in the active site, by repressors binding in a distant site, and by ________.
A.
incorrect temperature conditions
B.
substrates being in high concentration
C.
product binding to the DNA used to make enzymes
D.
product binding to the DNA used to make enzymes, substrates being in high concentration, and incorrect temperature conditions
Question #8
Which of the following are true?
A.
Enzymes have to be constantly produced because they are used up in reactions
B.
The suffix “-ase” indicates an enzyme. Often enzymes are named for the substrates they act upon. Enzymes are larger than their substrates
Question #9
The final acceptor for electrons and hydrogens in aerobic respiration is ________.
A.
free oxygen
B.
water
C.
pyruvic acid
D.
organic compounds
E.
sulfate
Question #10
Glycolysis is the breakdown of ________.
A.
glucose
B.
fatty acids
C.
glycogen
D.
starch
Question #11
The energy released during the reactions of glycolysis is used to form ________.
A.
glycogen
B.
guanine triphosphate
C.
glycerol
D.
adenosine triphosphate
Question #12
Cells prefer to use carbohydrates as energy sources because ________.
A.
they contain the greatest amount of energy per unit
B.
the waste products of their breakdown are nontoxic
C.
their internal bonds are so easy to cleave
D.
they are such good donors of hydrogen and electrons
Question #13
The energy released during the reactions of glycolysis is released by ________ reactions.
A.
reduction
B.
dehydration
C.
hydrolysis
D.
oxidation
Question #14
Early in glycolysis, two phosphates are added to the glucose molecule. These phosphates come from ________.
A.
transfer from phospholipids
B.
breaking down ATP
C.
hydrolysis of KH2PO4
D.
conversion of NADH
Question #15
The two 3-carbon molecules which glucose is split into are converted through a series of steps into the final 3-carbon molecule. During these later steps, ________ molecule(s) of ATP are made.
A.
two
B.
one
C.
four
Question #16
The two 3-carbon molecules which glucose is split into are converted through a series of steps into pyruvate. During these steps _______.
A.
acetyl CoA is converted into oxaloacetic acid
B.
NADH is converted to NAD+
C.
ATP is converted to ADP
D.
NAD+ is converted to NADH
Question #17
After glycolysis, pyruvate can be converted into ________ under anaerobic conditions.
A.
malic acid
B.
acetone
C.
cytochrome c
D.
lactic acid
Question #18
Glycolysis makes products that feed into ________.
A.
electron transport
B.
Krebs cycle
C.
fermentation
D.
All of these choices are correct.
Question #19
The two 3-carbon molecules that glucose is split into during glycolysis are converted through a series of steps ending in what 3-carbon molecule?
A.
Fructose 1,6-diphosphate
B.
Acetyl CoA
C.
Pyruvate
D.
Citric acid
E.
Diphosphoglyceric acid
Question #20
The NET production of ATP upon the completion of the series of glycolytic reactions is ________ molecule(s) of ATP.
A.
one
B.
four
C.
six
D.
two
Question #21
________ refer(s) only to energy-requiring processes that result in synthesis of cell molecules and structures.
A.
Metabolism
B.
Catabolism
C.
Anabolism
D.
Anabolism and metabolism
Question #22
Which of the following is NOT a catabolic process?
A.
Hydrolysis of ATP
B.
Glycolysis
C.
Fermentation
D.
Photosynthesis
Question #23
The Krebs cycle occurs after ________.
A.
fermentation
B.
the Calvin cycle
C.
the electron transport chain
D.
glycolysis
Question #24
In eukaryotes, glycolysis takes place in the ________.
A.
plasma membrane
B.
cytoplasm
C.
mitochondria
D.
endoplasmic reticulum
Question #25
Where does carbon dioxide go when it is released during reactions of the Krebs cycle?
A.
It diffuses out of the cell
B.
It enters a fermentation pathway to form ATP
C.
It catalyzes a glycolytic reaction
D.
It donates electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production
Question #26
For one turn of the Krebs cycle, how many NADH are produced?
A.
Three
B.
Depends on if theprocess is aerobic or anaerobic
C.
Two
D.
Six
Question #27
The process of decarboxylation involves ________.
A.
adding water
B.
removing hydrogen
C.
removing water
D.
removing carbon
Question #28
How many net ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis?
A.
Two
B.
Three
C.
One
D.
Six
Question #29
For each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, how many times does the Krebs cycle turn?
A.
Two
B.
One
C.
Three
D.
Six
Question #30
The main purpose of cellular respiration is to ________.
A.
produce carbon dioxide
B.
produce water
C.
produce glucose
D.
produce energy
Question #31
Where do NADH and FADH2 go after being produced in the Krebs cycle?
A.
The Calvin cycle
B.
Electron transport chain
C.
Substrate-level phosphorylation
D.
Fermentation pathways
Question #32
The Krebs cycle is part of fermentation, as well as cellular respiration.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #33
In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #34
Where does the Krebs cycle take place in bacteria?
A.
Cell membrane
B.
Cytoplasm
C.
Mitochondria
D.
Nucleus
Question #35
Hydrogens are transported from other reactions to the electron transport chain by ________.
A.
Cytochrome c and coenzyme Q
B.
NADH and coenzyme A
C.
NADH and FADH
D.
NADH and coenzyme Q
Question #36
Hydrogen consists of ________.
A.
one protons and two electrons
B.
one proton and one electron
C.
two protons and two electrons
D.
two protons and one electrons
Question #37
During the electron transport chain, ATP will be made from ________.
A.
Adenosine + P3
B.
ADP + H2O
C.
AMP + 2 Pi
D.
ADP + Pi
Question #38
Which of the following contain a metal ion which can accept and donate electrons?
A.
Quinolones
B.
Cytochromes
C.
Fluorochromes
D.
Chelators
Question #39
The NADH involved in the electron transport chain is made ________.
A.
by oxidation reactions in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
B.
by oxidation reactions in the Krebs cycle only
C.
by reduction reactions in the Krebs cycle
D.
by reduction reactions in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle Incorrect
Question #40
The electron carrier proteins in the electron transport chain shuttle electrons to ________.
A.
transmembrane channels
B.
a terminal acceptor
C.
ATP synthase
D.
ribosomes
Question #41
During the electron transport chain in bacteria, protons are ________.
A.
shuttled to the outside of the cell membrane
B.
attached to molecules in the glycocalyx
C.
carried along the transport chain
D.
shuttled to the inside of the membrane
Question #42
Coenzyme Q ________.
A.
is the last step in the electron transport chain
B.
transfers protons from inside the membrane to outside the membrane
C.
removes protons from water
D.
transfers protons from outside the membrane to inside the membrane
Question #43
In this reaction, ATP synthase uses energy from ______ to make ATP.
A.
protons reentering the cell
B.
protons passed from cytochromes
C.
protons stripped from water
D.
electrons passed from cytochromes
Question #44
In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located ________.
A.
in mitochondria
B.
in the plasma membrane
C.
in the glycocalyx
D.
in cristae
Question #45
The last carrier protein in the electron transport chain transfers ________.
A.
two electrons to oxygen
B.
two electrons to ATP synthase
C.
two protons to coenzyme Q
D.
two electrons outside the cell
Question #46
The electron transport chain is part of ________.
A.
pyruvate oxidation
B.
fermentation
C.
glycolysis
D.
aerobic respiration
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