Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Microbial Metabolism 1
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Question #1
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. CO₂ is fixed into glucose following six turns of the Calvin cycle.
A.
catabolic
B.
anabolic
Question #2
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. Triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids which enter glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
A.
anabolic
B.
catabolic
Question #3
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester bond between nucleotides during replication.
A.
catabolic
B.
anabolic
Question #4
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. Messenger RNA is translated into proteins in the ribosomes.
A.
catabolic
B.
anabolic
Question #5
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. Removal of the amino group in an amino acid converts it to a carbohydrate in a process called deamination.
A.
catabolic
B.
anabolic
Question #6
Consider the following metabolic scenarios, and determine whether they are catabolic (energy releasing) or anabolic (energy requiring) processes. Peptidoglycan is produced during binary fission.
A.
catabolic
B.
anabolic
Question #7
Enzyme action can be blocked by competitive molecules binding in the active site, by repressors binding in a distant site, and by ________.
A.
incorrect temperature conditions
B.
product binding to the DNA used to make enzymes, substrates being in high concentration, and incorrect temperature conditions
C.
substrates being in high concentration
D.
product binding to the DNA used to make enzymes
Question #8
Which of the following are true?
A.
Enzymes have to be constantly produced because they are used up in reactions
B.
The suffix “-ase” indicates an enzyme. Often enzymes are named for the substrates they act upon. Enzymes are larger than their substrates
Question #9
The final acceptor for electrons and hydrogens in aerobic respiration is ________.
A.
pyruvic acid
B.
free oxygen
C.
water
D.
sulfate
E.
organic compounds
Question #10
Glycolysis is the breakdown of ________.
A.
fatty acids
B.
glycogen
C.
starch
D.
glucose
Question #11
The energy released during the reactions of glycolysis is used to form ________.
A.
guanine triphosphate
B.
adenosine triphosphate
C.
glycogen
D.
glycerol
Question #12
Cells prefer to use carbohydrates as energy sources because ________.
A.
the waste products of their breakdown are nontoxic
B.
their internal bonds are so easy to cleave
C.
they contain the greatest amount of energy per unit
D.
they are such good donors of hydrogen and electrons
Question #13
The energy released during the reactions of glycolysis is released by ________ reactions.
A.
reduction
B.
dehydration
C.
hydrolysis
D.
oxidation
Question #14
Early in glycolysis, two phosphates are added to the glucose molecule. These phosphates come from ________.
A.
conversion of NADH
B.
hydrolysis of KH2PO4
C.
transfer from phospholipids
D.
breaking down ATP
Question #15
The two 3-carbon molecules which glucose is split into are converted through a series of steps into the final 3-carbon molecule. During these later steps, ________ molecule(s) of ATP are made.
A.
four
B.
two
C.
one
Question #16
The two 3-carbon molecules which glucose is split into are converted through a series of steps into pyruvate. During these steps _______.
A.
ATP is converted to ADP
B.
NADH is converted to NAD+
C.
NAD+ is converted to NADH
D.
acetyl CoA is converted into oxaloacetic acid
Question #17
After glycolysis, pyruvate can be converted into ________ under anaerobic conditions.
A.
cytochrome c
B.
acetone
C.
lactic acid
D.
malic acid
Question #18
Glycolysis makes products that feed into ________.
A.
Krebs cycle
B.
All of these choices are correct.
C.
fermentation
D.
electron transport
Question #19
The two 3-carbon molecules that glucose is split into during glycolysis are converted through a series of steps ending in what 3-carbon molecule?
A.
Acetyl CoA
B.
Diphosphoglyceric acid
C.
Fructose 1,6-diphosphate
D.
Citric acid
E.
Pyruvate
Question #20
The NET production of ATP upon the completion of the series of glycolytic reactions is ________ molecule(s) of ATP.
A.
two
B.
six
C.
four
D.
one
Question #21
________ refer(s) only to energy-requiring processes that result in synthesis of cell molecules and structures.
A.
Anabolism and metabolism
B.
Metabolism
C.
Anabolism
D.
Catabolism
Question #22
Which of the following is NOT a catabolic process?
A.
Fermentation
B.
Photosynthesis
C.
Glycolysis
D.
Hydrolysis of ATP
Question #23
The Krebs cycle occurs after ________.
A.
glycolysis
B.
fermentation
C.
the Calvin cycle
D.
the electron transport chain
Question #24
In eukaryotes, glycolysis takes place in the ________.
A.
cytoplasm
B.
plasma membrane
C.
endoplasmic reticulum
D.
mitochondria
Question #25
Where does carbon dioxide go when it is released during reactions of the Krebs cycle?
A.
It diffuses out of the cell
B.
It donates electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production
C.
It enters a fermentation pathway to form ATP
D.
It catalyzes a glycolytic reaction
Question #26
For one turn of the Krebs cycle, how many NADH are produced?
A.
Six
B.
Two
C.
Depends on if theprocess is aerobic or anaerobic
D.
Three
Question #27
The process of decarboxylation involves ________.
A.
removing hydrogen
B.
adding water
C.
removing water
D.
removing carbon
Question #28
How many net ATP molecules are produced for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis?
A.
Two
B.
Three
C.
One
D.
Six
Question #29
For each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, how many times does the Krebs cycle turn?
A.
Six
B.
Two
C.
Three
D.
One
Question #30
The main purpose of cellular respiration is to ________.
A.
produce water
B.
produce glucose
C.
produce carbon dioxide
D.
produce energy
Question #31
Where do NADH and FADH2 go after being produced in the Krebs cycle?
A.
The Calvin cycle
B.
Fermentation pathways
C.
Electron transport chain
D.
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Question #32
The Krebs cycle is part of fermentation, as well as cellular respiration.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #33
In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #34
Where does the Krebs cycle take place in bacteria?
A.
Cytoplasm
B.
Mitochondria
C.
Nucleus
D.
Cell membrane
Question #35
Hydrogens are transported from other reactions to the electron transport chain by ________.
A.
NADH and FADH
B.
NADH and coenzyme A
C.
NADH and coenzyme Q
D.
Cytochrome c and coenzyme Q
Question #36
Hydrogen consists of ________.
A.
two protons and two electrons
B.
one protons and two electrons
C.
one proton and one electron
D.
two protons and one electrons
Question #37
During the electron transport chain, ATP will be made from ________.
A.
ADP + H2O
B.
ADP + Pi
C.
Adenosine + P3
D.
AMP + 2 Pi
Question #38
Which of the following contain a metal ion which can accept and donate electrons?
A.
Chelators
B.
Quinolones
C.
Cytochromes
D.
Fluorochromes
Question #39
A.
by oxidation reactions in the Krebs cycle only
B.
by reduction reactions in the Krebs cycle
C.
by oxidation reactions in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
D.
by reduction reactions in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle Incorrect
Question #40
The electron carrier proteins in the electron transport chain shuttle electrons to ________.
A.
transmembrane channels
B.
ribosomes
C.
a terminal acceptor
D.
ATP synthase
Question #41
During the electron transport chain in bacteria, protons are ________.
A.
carried along the transport chain
B.
shuttled to the outside of the cell membrane
C.
attached to molecules in the glycocalyx
D.
shuttled to the inside of the membrane
Question #42
Coenzyme Q ________.
A.
transfers protons from outside the membrane to inside the membrane
B.
transfers protons from inside the membrane to outside the membrane
C.
is the last step in the electron transport chain
D.
removes protons from water
Question #43
In this reaction, ATP synthase uses energy from ______ to make ATP.
A.
protons reentering the cell
B.
protons stripped from water
C.
protons passed from cytochromes
D.
electrons passed from cytochromes
Question #44
In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located ________.
A.
in the glycocalyx
B.
in the plasma membrane
C.
in mitochondria
D.
in cristae
Question #45
The last carrier protein in the electron transport chain transfers ________.
A.
two protons to coenzyme Q
B.
two electrons to ATP synthase
C.
two electrons to oxygen
D.
two electrons outside the cell
Question #46
The electron transport chain is part of ________.
A.
aerobic respiration
B.
pyruvate oxidation
C.
fermentation
D.
glycolysis
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