Speech can be subject to reasonable restrictions.

Political speech by corporations falls within the protection of the First Amendment.

The commerce clause has had no greater impact on business than any other provision in the Constitution.

Corporations enjoy many of the same rights and privileges as natural persons do.

Equal protection means that the government must treat all individuals the same.

The national government has the implied power to undertake actions necessary to carry out its expressly designated powers.

If a restriction imposed on speech by the government is content neutral, then a court will not allow it.

The free exercise clause prohibits the government from passing laws that have any impact on religion.

A resident of one state, when in another state, can be denied the privileges and immunities of that state for any reason.

Procedural due process focuses on the content of legislation.

A law that that limits a fundamental right may be held to violate substantive due process.

The dormant commerce clause comes into play when state regulations affect interstate commerce.

Substantive due process requires that a person have an opportunity to object to a proposed action before a fair, neutral decision maker.

In situations involving fundamental rights, a law that rationally relates to a legitimate government end will be struck down.

Preemption occurs when Congress chooses to act exclusively on a subject over which the federal government shares power with the states.

A state may not restrict certain kinds of advertising, even in the interest of preventing consumers from being misled.

The rights secured by the Bill of Rights are absolute.

State regulatory powers are often referred to as police powers.

A law based on a suspect trait will not stand under the equal protection clause even if it is necessary to promote a compelling government interest.

When religious practices work against public policy, the government can act.

Under the full faith and credit clause, any judicial decision in one state with respect to contract rights will be honored and enforced in all states.

Only Congress may pass a law in conflict with the Constitution.

Under the First Amendment, in comparison with commercial speech, the protection given obscene speech is

A statute enacted by the Wyoming state legislature to regulate trucking affects interstate commerce. In evaluating this statute, the courts will weigh the burden that it imposes on interstate commerce against

NatGas Corporation obtains a federal license to operate a gas pipeline through a certain area of Oregon. The Oregon state legislature enacts a law that bans gas pipelines in that area. Most likely, the state law violates

Book Stop, a bookstore in Capital City, sells publications that criticize government actions and policies. The city enacts an ordinance prohibiting the sale of such materials in the interest of preserving public tranquility. This ordinance is most likely

Mind Games Inc. markets a variety of shooting, fighting, and hunting video games. A state statue is enacted to require all game makers to label any games with an option to kill something as “excessively violent.” A court would likely hold this regulation to be

Federal regulations concerning medical devices directly conflict with a certain state law. Under the U.S. Constitution, which law takes precedence is determined by

Generally, given the broad language of the Constitution, the line between state and national powers is often determined by

Centre City enacts an ordinance that bans the distribution of all printed materials on city streets. Diners Café opposes the city’s latest “revenue-enhancing” measure—a tax on prepared food sales—and wants to protest by distributing handbills. In Diners’ suit against the city, a court would likely hold the ban on printed materials to be

Utah enacts a statute to ban advertising in “bad taste.” Most likely, a court would hold this statute to be

Under the First Amendment, in comparison with noncommercial speech, the protection given commercial ads is

Under the U.S. Constitution, the federal government has the power to regulate commercial activities among the states. This grant implies that the regulation of such activities is not within the authority of

Pat stands in front of Rogue’s Tavern, shouting “fighting words” that are likely to incite Rogue’s patrons to respond violently. The First Amendment protects such speech

To reduce traffic, Market Town enacts an ordinance that allows only a few specific street vendors to operate in certain areas. A court would likely review this ordinance under the principles of

Congress enacts the Ad Restriction Act (ARA) to limit advertising in certain circumstances. The ARA will be considered valid if it directly advances a substantial government interest

Jon, a law enforcement official, monitors Kelsey’s Internet activities—e-mail and website visits—to gain access to her personal financial data and student information. This may violate Kelsey’s right to

Pharma Corporation expresses opinions on political issues through its financial contributions to political action committees and other groups. Under the First Amendment, Pharma’s “expression” is most likely

River City enacts an ordinance that prohibits all advertising on the sides of trucks. A court would likely review this ordinance under the principles of

Metro City enacts an ordinance that bans the use of “sound amplifying systems” on public streets. Niles wants to campaign for a seat on the city council by broadcasting his message through speakers mounted on a truck. In Niles’s suit against the city, a court would likely hold the ordinance to be