A.   Not worrying about the consequences

B.   Asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term

C.   Accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies

D.   Asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies

A.   Prosecutorial

B.   Judicial

C.   Inmate

D.   Celebrity

A.   War paradigm

B.   Terrorism paradigm

C.   Drone paradigm

D.   Enemy paradigm

A.   Debtors

B.   Vice

C.   Violent

D.   Property

A.   Refrained from enforcing certain prison rules and regulations.

B.   Become members of prison gangs.

C.   Begun taking monetary bribes from prisoners.

D.   Begun directly disobeying orders from superiors.

A.   Maintain power

B.   Gain respect of inmates

C.   Treat inmates ethically

D.   Retain their discretion

A.   Graham v. Florida

B.   United States v. Shallet

C.   Kenny v. Indiana Youth Center

D.   Reynolds v. Florida

A.   Using entertainment to reenact criminal events

B.   The marketing of edited, highly formatted information about the world in entertainment media vehicles

C.   The placement of crime stories on television late at night hoping a viewer will be able identify the offender

D.   Using the media to report fictitious events so law enforcement can catch the real criminal

A.   Work release programs to reduce jail and prison populations

B.   Three-strikes laws

C.   Sentencing guidelines

D.   Treatment programs to reduce jail and prison populations

A.   A responsible path for discussion of moral issues

B.   The primary source of news

C.   A monopoly so that news is consistent

D.   A site for the construction of a moral order

A.   Result in disproportionately severe sentences

B.   Do not reflect the will of the majority

C.   Have no incapacitate effect

D.   Are not applied to all offenders convicted under such statutes

A.   By the military against a civilian government.

B.   By one part of government against another part of the same government.

C.   Committed by government, sometimes against its own people.

D.   Against a state in the United States.

A.   Their treatment and control functions

B.   Their heavy caseloads

C.   Their control function

D.   Their treatment function

A.   A key profit maker for the media

B.   A warning to the public

C.   Assistance to law enforcement to make an arrest

D.   Advocacy for greater levels of social control

A.   Relativists

B.   Consequentialists

C.   Absolutists

D.   Deontologists

A.   Cost-benefit grounds

B.   Due process grounds

C.   Ideological grounds

D.   Political grounds

A.   Informal control

B.   Governmental control

C.   Social control

D.   Formal control

A.   There is widespread approval of them

B.   While they approve of it, they do not believe it should be applied indiscriminately to specific offenders under specific circumstances

C.   The public is evenly divided on them

D.   There is widespread approval of them

A.   Prostitutes

B.   Drug offenders

C.   Murderers

D.   Sex offenders

A.   Community-oriented corrections

B.   Rehabilitation

C.   Punitiveness

D.   Treatment

A.   The activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects, so long as one is morally permissible.

B.   The activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects, both of which are morally impermissible

C.   An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible

D.   An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally permissible

A.   It is a slippery slope, which could expand its use in other circumstances

B.   It negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual

C.   It is not a realistic scenario

D.   It is not likely to happen as its proponents claim

A.   Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are positively correlated with polices favoring punitiveness

B.   Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are negatively correlated with policies favoring punitiveness

C.   Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of violent crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

D.   Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of property and drug crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

A.   Kidnappings

B.   Drug crimes

C.   Homicides

D.   Sex offenses

A.   Coercion

B.   Violence

C.   Empathy

D.   Sympathy

A.   The legal system makes it easier to fight crime because prosecutors know how to talk with the media

B.   Crime fighting is the complex part of the process

C.   Few accused actually go to trial and unexciting plea bargains are the norm

D.   The legal system is far more complex

A.   Reporting sympathetic stories of victims who have also been charged with crimes

B.   Focusing only on the very young and the very old victims

C.   Focusing attention only on victims who meet that standard of victimhood

D.   Reporting, on the visual media, pictures of victims

A.   Supermax

B.   Maximum security

C.   Medium security

D.   Minimum security

A.   Setting a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape

B.   Prisons who want to receive federal funding must eliminate prison rape by 85%

C.   Prioritization of the prevention of rape in each prison system

D.   Devising and implementation of national standards to detect, prevent, reduce, and punish rape

A.   Restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants

B.   Invading foreign countries

C.   Torture during interrogation

D.   Accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists

A.   Whites comprise almost 1/3 of illegal drug users and blacks almost 2/3, a fact often reported in the media

B.   The War on Drugs focused on heroin, a drug often used by blacks, a fact not usually in the media

C.   Whites never have been engaged in drugs as much as blacks, a fact often reported in the media

D.   Whites comprise almost 3/4 of illegal drug users and blacks 13%, a fact not usually incorporated in media accounts

A.   Morality

B.   Do no harm

C.   Moral blame

D.   Reasonable standard of care

A.   Legalistic

B.   Compliance

C.   Personal

D.   Rewards

A.   The court

B.   A criminal conviction

C.   The prosecution process

D.   A life sentence

A.   An irrational and exaggerated response by the public to a perceived problem

B.   A public over-reaction caused by outdated public morals

C.   When an individual legislator or policy maker over-reacts to a problem

D.   When a small group of legislators panic and force through unethical legislation

A.   Retributive

B.   Empathetic

C.   Callous

D.   Sympathetic

A.   United Kingdom

B.   Canada

C.   United States

D.   Australia

A.   It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the authority of the president as commander-in-chief

B.   It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement measures

C.   It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the furtherance of winning the war

D.   All of the other answers

A.   Assassination violates U.S. values and principles because it is done in secret and is a display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.

B.   All of the other answers

C.   Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the bounds of the conventions of war and morality.

D.   Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S. foreign policy, which stresses human rights and democracy.

A.   Crimes against children are considered more newsworthy than crimes against the adults

B.   Homicides are considered more newsworthy when the victim is white

C.   Rape is the most likely crime to be reported

D.   Victims who are perpetrated against by a stranger are considered more newsworthy than a victim who knows the perpetrator

A.   Prisons have cultures where guards are corrupted and prisoners are denied their humanity

B.   Guards are increasingly using more excessive force

C.   A humane correctional system is impossible given the dominant theory and practice of retribution

D.   Officer training emphasizes emotional detachment and degrading treatment

A.   Assist inmates in getting rehabilitated

B.   Do not lug (smuggle) drugs in to inmates

C.   Always support fellow officers against inmate claims/allegations

D.   Do not rat (inform on other guards)

A.   Extortion through mistreatment or harassment

B.   Soliciting a fee from an inmate for finding him a job

C.   Accepting gratuities to protect illicit activity

D.   Theft of new televisions from the prison loading dock

A.   Any intentional and successful influence of a person by noncoercively altering the actual choices available to the person or by non-persuasively altering the perceptions by others of those choices.

B.   When a journalist makes an attempt in hard news to persuade using emotional rhetoric rather than fact

C.   Using persuasive interviewing techniques to influence others to disclose material they would normally not disclose

D.   When a journalist relies on an unsubstantiated argument without noting its weaknesses to produce a desired conclusion

A.   The imposition of additional behavioral controls

B.   Additional treatment and re-entry programs

C.   Increase in recidivism

D.   A decrease in treatment programs

A.   The media construction of crime will reduce the seriousness of the crime

B.   The media construction of crime will define what acts are regarded as criminal

C.   The media construction of crime will identify what policies of crime control should be adopted

D.   The media construction of crime will define what are thought to be the causes of crime

A.   Provided inaccurate information, to the detriment of the organization

B.   Had a positive effect in corrections

C.   Resigned before losing their positions

D.   Lost their jobs