A.   Asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term

B.   Asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies

C.   Accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies

D.   Not worrying about the consequences

A.   Celebrity

B.   Prosecutorial

C.   Inmate

D.   Judicial

A.   War paradigm

B.   Terrorism paradigm

C.   Enemy paradigm

D.   Drone paradigm

A.   Vice

B.   Violent

C.   Property

D.   Debtors

A.   Refrained from enforcing certain prison rules and regulations.

B.   Begun directly disobeying orders from superiors.

C.   Begun taking monetary bribes from prisoners.

D.   Become members of prison gangs.

A.   Retain their discretion

B.   Maintain power

C.   Treat inmates ethically

D.   Gain respect of inmates

A.   Reynolds v. Florida

B.   Kenny v. Indiana Youth Center

C.   United States v. Shallet

D.   Graham v. Florida

A.   Using the media to report fictitious events so law enforcement can catch the real criminal

B.   Using entertainment to reenact criminal events

C.   The placement of crime stories on television late at night hoping a viewer will be able identify the offender

D.   The marketing of edited, highly formatted information about the world in entertainment media vehicles

A.   Work release programs to reduce jail and prison populations

B.   Treatment programs to reduce jail and prison populations

C.   Sentencing guidelines

D.   Three-strikes laws

A.   A site for the construction of a moral order

B.   The primary source of news

C.   A monopoly so that news is consistent

D.   A responsible path for discussion of moral issues

A.   Are not applied to all offenders convicted under such statutes

B.   Result in disproportionately severe sentences

C.   Have no incapacitate effect

D.   Do not reflect the will of the majority

A.   Against a state in the United States.

B.   By the military against a civilian government.

C.   Committed by government, sometimes against its own people.

D.   By one part of government against another part of the same government.

A.   Their control function

B.   Their heavy caseloads

C.   Their treatment and control functions

D.   Their treatment function

A.   A key profit maker for the media

B.   Advocacy for greater levels of social control

C.   A warning to the public

D.   Assistance to law enforcement to make an arrest

A.   Absolutists

B.   Consequentialists

C.   Deontologists

D.   Relativists

A.   Ideological grounds

B.   Cost-benefit grounds

C.   Political grounds

D.   Due process grounds

A.   Governmental control

B.   Formal control

C.   Social control

D.   Informal control

A.   The public is evenly divided on them

B.   There is widespread approval of them

C.   There is widespread approval of them

D.   While they approve of it, they do not believe it should be applied indiscriminately to specific offenders under specific circumstances

A.   Drug offenders

B.   Prostitutes

C.   Sex offenders

D.   Murderers

A.   Treatment

B.   Punitiveness

C.   Rehabilitation

D.   Community-oriented corrections

A.   The activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects, both of which are morally impermissible

B.   The activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects, so long as one is morally permissible.

C.   An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally permissible

D.   An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible

A.   It is not a realistic scenario

B.   It negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual

C.   It is not likely to happen as its proponents claim

D.   It is a slippery slope, which could expand its use in other circumstances

A.   Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of violent crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

B.   Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of property and drug crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

C.   Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are negatively correlated with policies favoring punitiveness

D.   Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are positively correlated with polices favoring punitiveness

A.   Kidnappings

B.   Homicides

C.   Sex offenses

D.   Drug crimes

A.   Coercion

B.   Violence

C.   Empathy

D.   Sympathy

A.   Few accused actually go to trial and unexciting plea bargains are the norm

B.   The legal system is far more complex

C.   The legal system makes it easier to fight crime because prosecutors know how to talk with the media

D.   Crime fighting is the complex part of the process

A.   Focusing only on the very young and the very old victims

B.   Reporting sympathetic stories of victims who have also been charged with crimes

C.   Focusing attention only on victims who meet that standard of victimhood

D.   Reporting, on the visual media, pictures of victims

A.   Minimum security

B.   Supermax

C.   Medium security

D.   Maximum security

A.   Prioritization of the prevention of rape in each prison system

B.   Setting a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape

C.   Devising and implementation of national standards to detect, prevent, reduce, and punish rape

D.   Prisons who want to receive federal funding must eliminate prison rape by 85%

A.   Invading foreign countries

B.   Restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants

C.   Torture during interrogation

D.   Accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists

A.   The War on Drugs focused on heroin, a drug often used by blacks, a fact not usually in the media

B.   Whites never have been engaged in drugs as much as blacks, a fact often reported in the media

C.   Whites comprise almost 3/4 of illegal drug users and blacks 13%, a fact not usually incorporated in media accounts

D.   Whites comprise almost 1/3 of illegal drug users and blacks almost 2/3, a fact often reported in the media

A.   Moral blame

B.   Do no harm

C.   Morality

D.   Reasonable standard of care

A.   Legalistic

B.   Compliance

C.   Personal

D.   Rewards

A.   The court

B.   A life sentence

C.   The prosecution process

D.   A criminal conviction

A.   An irrational and exaggerated response by the public to a perceived problem

B.   When a small group of legislators panic and force through unethical legislation

C.   A public over-reaction caused by outdated public morals

D.   When an individual legislator or policy maker over-reacts to a problem

A.   Callous

B.   Sympathetic

C.   Empathetic

D.   Retributive

A.   Australia

B.   United States

C.   Canada

D.   United Kingdom

A.   All of the other answers

B.   It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement measures

C.   It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the authority of the president as commander-in-chief

D.   It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the furtherance of winning the war

A.   All of the other answers

B.   Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S. foreign policy, which stresses human rights and democracy.

C.   Assassination violates U.S. values and principles because it is done in secret and is a display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.

D.   Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the bounds of the conventions of war and morality.

A.   Victims who are perpetrated against by a stranger are considered more newsworthy than a victim who knows the perpetrator

B.   Homicides are considered more newsworthy when the victim is white

C.   Rape is the most likely crime to be reported

D.   Crimes against children are considered more newsworthy than crimes against the adults

A.   Guards are increasingly using more excessive force

B.   Officer training emphasizes emotional detachment and degrading treatment

C.   Prisons have cultures where guards are corrupted and prisoners are denied their humanity

D.   A humane correctional system is impossible given the dominant theory and practice of retribution

A.   Assist inmates in getting rehabilitated

B.   Do not lug (smuggle) drugs in to inmates

C.   Do not rat (inform on other guards)

D.   Always support fellow officers against inmate claims/allegations

A.   Soliciting a fee from an inmate for finding him a job

B.   Accepting gratuities to protect illicit activity

C.   Theft of new televisions from the prison loading dock

D.   Extortion through mistreatment or harassment

A.   Any intentional and successful influence of a person by noncoercively altering the actual choices available to the person or by non-persuasively altering the perceptions by others of those choices.

B.   Using persuasive interviewing techniques to influence others to disclose material they would normally not disclose

C.   When a journalist makes an attempt in hard news to persuade using emotional rhetoric rather than fact

D.   When a journalist relies on an unsubstantiated argument without noting its weaknesses to produce a desired conclusion

A.   Increase in recidivism

B.   A decrease in treatment programs

C.   The imposition of additional behavioral controls

D.   Additional treatment and re-entry programs

A.   The media construction of crime will identify what policies of crime control should be adopted

B.   The media construction of crime will define what acts are regarded as criminal

C.   The media construction of crime will reduce the seriousness of the crime

D.   The media construction of crime will define what are thought to be the causes of crime

A.   Resigned before losing their positions

B.   Lost their jobs

C.   Had a positive effect in corrections

D.   Provided inaccurate information, to the detriment of the organization