A.   Asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term

B.   Accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies

C.   Asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies

D.   Not worrying about the consequences

A.   Prosecutorial

B.   Inmate

C.   Celebrity

D.   Judicial

A.   Enemy paradigm

B.   War paradigm

C.   Terrorism paradigm

D.   Drone paradigm

A.   Debtors

B.   Vice

C.   Violent

D.   Property

A.   Become members of prison gangs.

B.   Refrained from enforcing certain prison rules and regulations.

C.   Begun directly disobeying orders from superiors.

D.   Begun taking monetary bribes from prisoners.

A.   Retain their discretion

B.   Maintain power

C.   Treat inmates ethically

D.   Gain respect of inmates

A.   Reynolds v. Florida

B.   Kenny v. Indiana Youth Center

C.   Graham v. Florida

D.   United States v. Shallet

A.   Using entertainment to reenact criminal events

B.   The marketing of edited, highly formatted information about the world in entertainment media vehicles

C.   Using the media to report fictitious events so law enforcement can catch the real criminal

D.   The placement of crime stories on television late at night hoping a viewer will be able identify the offender

A.   Three-strikes laws

B.   Treatment programs to reduce jail and prison populations

C.   Sentencing guidelines

D.   Work release programs to reduce jail and prison populations

A.   The primary source of news

B.   A site for the construction of a moral order

C.   A monopoly so that news is consistent

D.   A responsible path for discussion of moral issues

A.   Are not applied to all offenders convicted under such statutes

B.   Result in disproportionately severe sentences

C.   Do not reflect the will of the majority

D.   Have no incapacitate effect

A.   Against a state in the United States.

B.   By the military against a civilian government.

C.   By one part of government against another part of the same government.

D.   Committed by government, sometimes against its own people.

A.   Their control function

B.   Their heavy caseloads

C.   Their treatment function

D.   Their treatment and control functions

A.   Advocacy for greater levels of social control

B.   A warning to the public

C.   A key profit maker for the media

D.   Assistance to law enforcement to make an arrest

A.   Relativists

B.   Consequentialists

C.   Deontologists

D.   Absolutists

A.   Cost-benefit grounds

B.   Due process grounds

C.   Political grounds

D.   Ideological grounds

A.   Social control

B.   Informal control

C.   Formal control

D.   Governmental control

A.   While they approve of it, they do not believe it should be applied indiscriminately to specific offenders under specific circumstances

B.   The public is evenly divided on them

C.   There is widespread approval of them

D.   There is widespread approval of them

A.   Prostitutes

B.   Murderers

C.   Drug offenders

D.   Sex offenders

A.   Community-oriented corrections

B.   Punitiveness

C.   Treatment

D.   Rehabilitation

A.   An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally permissible

B.   The activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects, so long as one is morally permissible.

C.   The activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects, both of which are morally impermissible

D.   An unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible

A.   It is not a realistic scenario

B.   It is a slippery slope, which could expand its use in other circumstances

C.   It is not likely to happen as its proponents claim

D.   It negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual

A.   Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of violent crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

B.   Racial and ethnic minorities are responsible for a substantial amount of property and drug crime therefore creating policies favoring punitiveness

C.   Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are positively correlated with polices favoring punitiveness

D.   Negative racial stereotypes and collective racial resentment are negatively correlated with policies favoring punitiveness

A.   Drug crimes

B.   Homicides

C.   Sex offenses

D.   Kidnappings

A.   Violence

B.   Empathy

C.   Sympathy

D.   Coercion

A.   Crime fighting is the complex part of the process

B.   Few accused actually go to trial and unexciting plea bargains are the norm

C.   The legal system makes it easier to fight crime because prosecutors know how to talk with the media

D.   The legal system is far more complex

A.   Focusing only on the very young and the very old victims

B.   Focusing attention only on victims who meet that standard of victimhood

C.   Reporting sympathetic stories of victims who have also been charged with crimes

D.   Reporting, on the visual media, pictures of victims

A.   Medium security

B.   Minimum security

C.   Maximum security

D.   Supermax

A.   Prioritization of the prevention of rape in each prison system

B.   Prisons who want to receive federal funding must eliminate prison rape by 85%

C.   Setting a zero-tolerance standard for prison rape

D.   Devising and implementation of national standards to detect, prevent, reduce, and punish rape

A.   Restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants

B.   Torture during interrogation

C.   Accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists

D.   Invading foreign countries

A.   Whites comprise almost 3/4 of illegal drug users and blacks 13%, a fact not usually incorporated in media accounts

B.   The War on Drugs focused on heroin, a drug often used by blacks, a fact not usually in the media

C.   Whites comprise almost 1/3 of illegal drug users and blacks almost 2/3, a fact often reported in the media

D.   Whites never have been engaged in drugs as much as blacks, a fact often reported in the media

A.   Morality

B.   Moral blame

C.   Reasonable standard of care

D.   Do no harm

A.   Rewards

B.   Compliance

C.   Legalistic

D.   Personal

A.   The prosecution process

B.   A life sentence

C.   A criminal conviction

D.   The court

A.   An irrational and exaggerated response by the public to a perceived problem

B.   A public over-reaction caused by outdated public morals

C.   When an individual legislator or policy maker over-reacts to a problem

D.   When a small group of legislators panic and force through unethical legislation

A.   Empathetic

B.   Sympathetic

C.   Callous

D.   Retributive

A.   United States

B.   Canada

C.   United Kingdom

D.   Australia

A.   All of the other answers

B.   It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement measures

C.   It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the authority of the president as commander-in-chief

D.   It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the furtherance of winning the war

A.   All of the other answers

B.   Assassination violates U.S. values and principles because it is done in secret and is a display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.

C.   Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S. foreign policy, which stresses human rights and democracy.

D.   Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the bounds of the conventions of war and morality.

A.   Victims who are perpetrated against by a stranger are considered more newsworthy than a victim who knows the perpetrator

B.   Crimes against children are considered more newsworthy than crimes against the adults

C.   Homicides are considered more newsworthy when the victim is white

D.   Rape is the most likely crime to be reported

A.   Prisons have cultures where guards are corrupted and prisoners are denied their humanity

B.   A humane correctional system is impossible given the dominant theory and practice of retribution

C.   Guards are increasingly using more excessive force

D.   Officer training emphasizes emotional detachment and degrading treatment

A.   Do not rat (inform on other guards)

B.   Always support fellow officers against inmate claims/allegations

C.   Do not lug (smuggle) drugs in to inmates

D.   Assist inmates in getting rehabilitated

A.   Theft of new televisions from the prison loading dock

B.   Soliciting a fee from an inmate for finding him a job

C.   Extortion through mistreatment or harassment

D.   Accepting gratuities to protect illicit activity

A.   Using persuasive interviewing techniques to influence others to disclose material they would normally not disclose

B.   When a journalist relies on an unsubstantiated argument without noting its weaknesses to produce a desired conclusion

C.   When a journalist makes an attempt in hard news to persuade using emotional rhetoric rather than fact

D.   Any intentional and successful influence of a person by noncoercively altering the actual choices available to the person or by non-persuasively altering the perceptions by others of those choices.

A.   A decrease in treatment programs

B.   Additional treatment and re-entry programs

C.   The imposition of additional behavioral controls

D.   Increase in recidivism

A.   The media construction of crime will define what are thought to be the causes of crime

B.   The media construction of crime will identify what policies of crime control should be adopted

C.   The media construction of crime will reduce the seriousness of the crime

D.   The media construction of crime will define what acts are regarded as criminal

A.   Lost their jobs

B.   Resigned before losing their positions

C.   Provided inaccurate information, to the detriment of the organization

D.   Had a positive effect in corrections