The role of the clinical laboratory in diagnosis of diabetes mellitus involves initial diagnostic criteria. For many years, the only diagnostic criterion required was demonstration of hyperglycemia in two or more fasting plasma glucose tests. What other laboratory analysis is now considered to be useful as a diagnostic criterion?

A pregnant woman at 27 weeks gestation is screened for gestational diabetes mellitus. Plasma venous glucose was measured at 1 hour following a 50 g oral glucose load. What value must this glucose be above or equal to for a glucose tolerance test to be performed?

An individual with a severe, uncontrolled case of type 1 diabetes mellitus will exhibit all of the following laboratory results except

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Factors identified as associated with (and possibly causing) type 1 diabetes mellitus include all of the following except

High albuminuria is defined as

Determining urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is critical in type 1 and type 2 diabetics because

In the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation, what is the typical precipitating event?

Which one of the following troponins appears as uncomplexed or free following myocardial injury?

Chest pain that is associated with a decrease in oxygen supply to the heart muscle but that exhibits no cellular necrosis based on cardiac troponin value and is considered a less severe event is referred to as

Which one of the following cardiac markers is elevated for the longest period of time after a myocardial infarction?

Which one of the following cardiac biomarkers is elevated about 50 times the upper limit of normal at 24 hours after onset of an acute myocardial infarction?

The most common laboratory method used to assess brain natriuretic peptides is

Regarding assessment of congestive heart failure, NT-proBNP can be measured. This protein is

You have been asked what laboratory tests should be requested to assess the electrolyte balance regulatory function of an individual’s kidneys. Which of the following is your reply?

Secretion of renin and aldosterone is induced by low blood pressure and volume. Renin is synthesized in the _____ and aldosterone is made in the _____.

In an individual with chronic kidney disease, what might be the predominant cause of the low hemoglobin value and anemia?

The functional unit of the kidney is the

If a physician requests a creatinine clearance on an individual, what is the physician attempting to determine?

Secretion of renin and aldosterone is induced by low blood pressure and volume. What other hormone would be released in the event of low blood pressure and volume?