A.   Salivary secretions

B.   Ear wax

C.   Dental plaque

D.   Yellow or green discharge

A.   The secreted extracellular "gunk" is highly damaging to tissues.

B.   Most microbes cannot cause disease without other microbes present.

C.   Bacteria in biofilms are often protected from antibiotics. 

A.   Proteins

B.   Lipids

C.   Carbohydrates 

D.   Nucleic acids

A.   Clear halos around the cells 

B.   Dark circles surrounding the cell wall

C.   Colored layers of threadlike structures surrounding the cell

A.   Klebsiella 

B.   Pseudomonas

A.   The presence of the capsule allows a bacterium to evade the immune system and cause damage to the host 

B.   It provides motility to bacterial cells, allowing them to spread throughout the host organism

C.   It is released by the bacterium, killing any adjacent host cells

A.   Fimbriae-motility 

B.   Capsule-protective layer

C.   Flagellum-motility

D.   Pilus-attachment

A.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis

B.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Short appendages

C.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation Short appendages

D.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation

A.   Capsule

B.   Flagellum

C.   Fimbria

D.   Pilus 

A.   Flagellum

B.   Capsule 

C.   Pilus

D.   Fimbria

A.   Temperature

B.   Light

C.   Sound

D.   Chemicals

A.   Flagella 

B.   Cilia

C.   Fimbriae

D.   Pili

A.   The number of cilia present on a cell

B.   The number of flagella present on a cell

C.   Whether a cell is gram-positive or gram-negative

D.   The direction of flagellar rotation 

E.   The position of flagella within the cell wall

A.   The bacterium will have longer runs towards the nutrient, but it will still tumble at times 

B.   The bacterium will rotate its flagella clockwise most of the time

C.   The bacterium will run in a straight direction all the way to the nutrient solution

D.   The bacterium will tumble until it reaches the nutrient

A.   flagellum; motility

B.   pilus; genetic exchange

C.   membrane; genetic exchange

D.   membrane; nutrient transfer

A.   Gram-positive cell walls 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Lack cell walls 

A.   Gram-negative cell walls 

B.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Gram-positive cell walls 

A.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B.   Gram-positive cell walls 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Gram-negative cell walls 

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   attachment

B.   maintaining cell shape

C.   motility

D.   transferring DNA to other cells

A.   on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth 

B.   on shower curtains

C.   on the walls of swimming pools

D.   on teeth

A.   Dry abiotic surfaces

B.   Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue 

C.   Moist abiotic surfaces

D.   Biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

A.   Spike proteins

B.   Fimbriae

C.   Fimbriae and flagella 

D.   Flagella

A.   Lysozyme

B.   IL-4

C.   Exotoxin

D.   Exopolymer

A.   nutrient concentration

B.   oxygen gradient

C.   pH gradient

D.   All of the choices are correct. 

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   Catheters

B.   Teeth

C.   All of the chioces are correct

D.   Artificial heart valves

A.   They exhibit the same gene expression as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria.

B.   None of the choices are correct.

C.   They can lead to systemic infections. 

D.   They pose no risk to the health of hospital patients.

A.   a metabolically active cell 

B.   a non-diving bacterial cell

C.   a frozen cell

D.   a bacterial cell with an impervious coating

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   All of the choices are correct.

B.   Temperature of 45°C

C.   pH = 4

D.   Complex media

A.   When the organism is placed in a hypertonic solution

B.   As a normal part of cellular growth

C.   When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse 

D.   When the organism is exposed to sunlight

A.   father cell

B.   parent cell

C.   mother cell

D.   haploid cell

A.   the cyptoplasm of the mother cell

B.   the membrane of the mother cell 

C.   proteins produced by the mother cell

D.   the cell wall of the mother cell

A.   cell membrane

B.   peptidoglycan 

C.   protein

D.   flagellar proteins

A.   calcium; water 

B.   peptidoglycan; cell membrane

C.   protien; lipids

D.   water; calcium

A.   lipopolysaccharide

B.   lipid membrane

C.   protein 

D.   peptidoglycan

A.   All of the choices are correct

B.   pH

C.   Temperature

D.   Osmotic pressure

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   Two months

B.   20 years

C.   Millions of years 

D.   One year

A.   Botulism

B.   Strep throat 

C.   Tetanus

D.   Anthrax