A.   Ear wax

B.   Yellow or green discharge

C.   Dental plaque

D.   Salivary secretions

A.   Most microbes cannot cause disease without other microbes present.

B.   The secreted extracellular "gunk" is highly damaging to tissues.

C.   Bacteria in biofilms are often protected from antibiotics. 

A.   Carbohydrates 

B.   Proteins

C.   Lipids

D.   Nucleic acids

A.   Clear halos around the cells 

B.   Colored layers of threadlike structures surrounding the cell

C.   Dark circles surrounding the cell wall

A.   Pseudomonas

B.   Klebsiella 

A.   It is released by the bacterium, killing any adjacent host cells

B.   It provides motility to bacterial cells, allowing them to spread throughout the host organism

C.   The presence of the capsule allows a bacterium to evade the immune system and cause damage to the host 

A.   Capsule-protective layer

B.   Fimbriae-motility 

C.   Pilus-attachment

D.   Flagellum-motility

A.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation

B.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Short appendages

C.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation Short appendages

D.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis

A.   Fimbria

B.   Pilus 

C.   Flagellum

D.   Capsule

A.   Capsule 

B.   Fimbria

C.   Pilus

D.   Flagellum

A.   Chemicals

B.   Temperature

C.   Light

D.   Sound

A.   Pili

B.   Cilia

C.   Flagella 

D.   Fimbriae

A.   The position of flagella within the cell wall

B.   The number of flagella present on a cell

C.   The number of cilia present on a cell

D.   Whether a cell is gram-positive or gram-negative

E.   The direction of flagellar rotation 

A.   The bacterium will have longer runs towards the nutrient, but it will still tumble at times 

B.   The bacterium will tumble until it reaches the nutrient

C.   The bacterium will run in a straight direction all the way to the nutrient solution

D.   The bacterium will rotate its flagella clockwise most of the time

A.   membrane; nutrient transfer

B.   pilus; genetic exchange

C.   membrane; genetic exchange

D.   flagellum; motility

A.   Gram-positive cell walls 

B.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

C.   Gram-negative cell walls 

D.   Lack cell walls 

A.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B.   Gram-positive cell walls 

C.   Gram-negative cell walls 

D.   Lack cell walls 

A.   Gram-negative cell walls 

B.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Gram-positive cell walls 

A.   Lack cell walls 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   motility

B.   maintaining cell shape

C.   transferring DNA to other cells

D.   attachment

A.   on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth 

B.   on shower curtains

C.   on the walls of swimming pools

D.   on teeth

A.   Dry abiotic surfaces

B.   Moist abiotic surfaces

C.   Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue 

D.   Biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

A.   Flagella

B.   Spike proteins

C.   Fimbriae

D.   Fimbriae and flagella 

A.   Lysozyme

B.   IL-4

C.   Exopolymer

D.   Exotoxin

A.   pH gradient

B.   nutrient concentration

C.   All of the choices are correct. 

D.   oxygen gradient

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   Catheters

B.   All of the chioces are correct

C.   Teeth

D.   Artificial heart valves

A.   None of the choices are correct.

B.   They pose no risk to the health of hospital patients.

C.   They can lead to systemic infections. 

D.   They exhibit the same gene expression as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria.

A.   a frozen cell

B.   a bacterial cell with an impervious coating

C.   a metabolically active cell 

D.   a non-diving bacterial cell

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   All of the choices are correct.

B.   pH = 4

C.   Temperature of 45°C

D.   Complex media

A.   When the organism is exposed to sunlight

B.   As a normal part of cellular growth

C.   When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse 

D.   When the organism is placed in a hypertonic solution

A.   father cell

B.   parent cell

C.   haploid cell

D.   mother cell

A.   the cyptoplasm of the mother cell

B.   the cell wall of the mother cell

C.   proteins produced by the mother cell

D.   the membrane of the mother cell 

A.   cell membrane

B.   protein

C.   peptidoglycan 

D.   flagellar proteins

A.   peptidoglycan; cell membrane

B.   water; calcium

C.   calcium; water 

D.   protien; lipids

A.   peptidoglycan

B.   lipid membrane

C.   lipopolysaccharide

D.   protein 

A.   Osmotic pressure

B.   All of the choices are correct

C.   Temperature

D.   pH

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   Two months

B.   Millions of years 

C.   20 years

D.   One year

A.   Botulism

B.   Strep throat 

C.   Tetanus

D.   Anthrax