A.   Ear wax

B.   Salivary secretions

C.   Yellow or green discharge

D.   Dental plaque

A.   The secreted extracellular "gunk" is highly damaging to tissues.

B.   Bacteria in biofilms are often protected from antibiotics. 

C.   Most microbes cannot cause disease without other microbes present.

A.   Proteins

B.   Nucleic acids

C.   Lipids

D.   Carbohydrates 

A.   Clear halos around the cells 

B.   Dark circles surrounding the cell wall

C.   Colored layers of threadlike structures surrounding the cell

A.   Pseudomonas

B.   Klebsiella 

A.   The presence of the capsule allows a bacterium to evade the immune system and cause damage to the host 

B.   It provides motility to bacterial cells, allowing them to spread throughout the host organism

C.   It is released by the bacterium, killing any adjacent host cells

A.   Capsule-protective layer

B.   Fimbriae-motility 

C.   Flagellum-motility

D.   Pilus-attachment

A.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis

B.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation

C.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation Short appendages

D.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Short appendages

A.   Capsule

B.   Fimbria

C.   Pilus 

D.   Flagellum

A.   Flagellum

B.   Fimbria

C.   Pilus

D.   Capsule 

A.   Chemicals

B.   Temperature

C.   Light

D.   Sound

A.   Fimbriae

B.   Pili

C.   Cilia

D.   Flagella 

A.   The direction of flagellar rotation 

B.   The number of cilia present on a cell

C.   The number of flagella present on a cell

D.   Whether a cell is gram-positive or gram-negative

E.   The position of flagella within the cell wall

A.   The bacterium will have longer runs towards the nutrient, but it will still tumble at times 

B.   The bacterium will run in a straight direction all the way to the nutrient solution

C.   The bacterium will tumble until it reaches the nutrient

D.   The bacterium will rotate its flagella clockwise most of the time

A.   membrane; nutrient transfer

B.   flagellum; motility

C.   membrane; genetic exchange

D.   pilus; genetic exchange

A.   Gram-positive cell walls 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B.   Gram-positive cell walls 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Gram-negative cell walls 

A.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Gram-positive cell walls 

A.   Lack cell walls 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   motility

B.   transferring DNA to other cells

C.   attachment

D.   maintaining cell shape

A.   on the walls of swimming pools

B.   on shower curtains

C.   on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth 

D.   on teeth

A.   Moist abiotic surfaces

B.   Biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

C.   Dry abiotic surfaces

D.   Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue 

A.   Spike proteins

B.   Fimbriae and flagella 

C.   Flagella

D.   Fimbriae

A.   Lysozyme

B.   IL-4

C.   Exotoxin

D.   Exopolymer

A.   oxygen gradient

B.   All of the choices are correct. 

C.   pH gradient

D.   nutrient concentration

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   All of the chioces are correct

B.   Teeth

C.   Catheters

D.   Artificial heart valves

A.   They can lead to systemic infections. 

B.   They pose no risk to the health of hospital patients.

C.   They exhibit the same gene expression as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria.

D.   None of the choices are correct.

A.   a metabolically active cell 

B.   a bacterial cell with an impervious coating

C.   a frozen cell

D.   a non-diving bacterial cell

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   All of the choices are correct.

B.   Complex media

C.   Temperature of 45°C

D.   pH = 4

A.   When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse 

B.   When the organism is exposed to sunlight

C.   As a normal part of cellular growth

D.   When the organism is placed in a hypertonic solution

A.   parent cell

B.   haploid cell

C.   father cell

D.   mother cell

A.   the cyptoplasm of the mother cell

B.   proteins produced by the mother cell

C.   the cell wall of the mother cell

D.   the membrane of the mother cell 

A.   flagellar proteins

B.   protein

C.   peptidoglycan 

D.   cell membrane

A.   protien; lipids

B.   calcium; water 

C.   water; calcium

D.   peptidoglycan; cell membrane

A.   lipid membrane

B.   protein 

C.   peptidoglycan

D.   lipopolysaccharide

A.   All of the choices are correct

B.   Osmotic pressure

C.   pH

D.   Temperature

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   Millions of years 

B.   Two months

C.   20 years

D.   One year

A.   Strep throat 

B.   Botulism

C.   Tetanus

D.   Anthrax