A.   Ear wax

B.   Salivary secretions

C.   Dental plaque

D.   Yellow or green discharge

A.   The secreted extracellular "gunk" is highly damaging to tissues.

B.   Bacteria in biofilms are often protected from antibiotics. 

C.   Most microbes cannot cause disease without other microbes present.

A.   Lipids

B.   Carbohydrates 

C.   Nucleic acids

D.   Proteins

A.   Dark circles surrounding the cell wall

B.   Colored layers of threadlike structures surrounding the cell

C.   Clear halos around the cells 

A.   Klebsiella 

B.   Pseudomonas

A.   It provides motility to bacterial cells, allowing them to spread throughout the host organism

B.   It is released by the bacterium, killing any adjacent host cells

C.   The presence of the capsule allows a bacterium to evade the immune system and cause damage to the host 

A.   Capsule-protective layer

B.   Fimbriae-motility 

C.   Flagellum-motility

D.   Pilus-attachment

A.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis

B.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation

C.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Short appendages

D.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation Short appendages

A.   Fimbria

B.   Flagellum

C.   Capsule

D.   Pilus 

A.   Capsule 

B.   Pilus

C.   Fimbria

D.   Flagellum

A.   Light

B.   Chemicals

C.   Temperature

D.   Sound

A.   Flagella 

B.   Fimbriae

C.   Cilia

D.   Pili

A.   The direction of flagellar rotation 

B.   The number of flagella present on a cell

C.   The position of flagella within the cell wall

D.   The number of cilia present on a cell

E.   Whether a cell is gram-positive or gram-negative

A.   The bacterium will rotate its flagella clockwise most of the time

B.   The bacterium will have longer runs towards the nutrient, but it will still tumble at times 

C.   The bacterium will run in a straight direction all the way to the nutrient solution

D.   The bacterium will tumble until it reaches the nutrient

A.   flagellum; motility

B.   membrane; nutrient transfer

C.   pilus; genetic exchange

D.   membrane; genetic exchange

A.   Gram-positive cell walls 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A.   Gram-negative cell walls 

B.   Gram-positive cell walls 

C.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

D.   Lack cell walls 

A.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Lack cell walls 

A.   Lack cell walls 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

D.   Gram-positive cell walls 

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   maintaining cell shape

B.   transferring DNA to other cells

C.   attachment

D.   motility

A.   on teeth

B.   on shower curtains

C.   on the walls of swimming pools

D.   on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth 

A.   Moist abiotic surfaces

B.   Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue 

C.   Dry abiotic surfaces

D.   Biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

A.   Flagella

B.   Fimbriae

C.   Spike proteins

D.   Fimbriae and flagella 

A.   Lysozyme

B.   IL-4

C.   Exotoxin

D.   Exopolymer

A.   All of the choices are correct. 

B.   oxygen gradient

C.   nutrient concentration

D.   pH gradient

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   Catheters

B.   Artificial heart valves

C.   Teeth

D.   All of the chioces are correct

A.   None of the choices are correct.

B.   They pose no risk to the health of hospital patients.

C.   They can lead to systemic infections. 

D.   They exhibit the same gene expression as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria.

A.   a metabolically active cell 

B.   a bacterial cell with an impervious coating

C.   a frozen cell

D.   a non-diving bacterial cell

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   All of the choices are correct.

B.   Temperature of 45°C

C.   Complex media

D.   pH = 4

A.   When the organism is placed in a hypertonic solution

B.   As a normal part of cellular growth

C.   When the organism is exposed to sunlight

D.   When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse 

A.   parent cell

B.   haploid cell

C.   mother cell

D.   father cell

A.   the membrane of the mother cell 

B.   proteins produced by the mother cell

C.   the cyptoplasm of the mother cell

D.   the cell wall of the mother cell

A.   cell membrane

B.   flagellar proteins

C.   peptidoglycan 

D.   protein

A.   water; calcium

B.   protien; lipids

C.   calcium; water 

D.   peptidoglycan; cell membrane

A.   peptidoglycan

B.   lipid membrane

C.   lipopolysaccharide

D.   protein 

A.   All of the choices are correct

B.   Osmotic pressure

C.   Temperature

D.   pH

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   20 years

B.   Two months

C.   Millions of years 

D.   One year

A.   Anthrax

B.   Tetanus

C.   Strep throat 

D.   Botulism