A.   Dental plaque

B.   Ear wax

C.   Salivary secretions

D.   Yellow or green discharge

A.   The secreted extracellular "gunk" is highly damaging to tissues.

B.   Bacteria in biofilms are often protected from antibiotics. 

C.   Most microbes cannot cause disease without other microbes present.

A.   Nucleic acids

B.   Proteins

C.   Carbohydrates 

D.   Lipids

A.   Dark circles surrounding the cell wall

B.   Clear halos around the cells 

C.   Colored layers of threadlike structures surrounding the cell

A.   Klebsiella 

B.   Pseudomonas

A.   The presence of the capsule allows a bacterium to evade the immune system and cause damage to the host 

B.   It provides motility to bacterial cells, allowing them to spread throughout the host organism

C.   It is released by the bacterium, killing any adjacent host cells

A.   Pilus-attachment

B.   Flagellum-motility

C.   Capsule-protective layer

D.   Fimbriae-motility 

A.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation Short appendages

B.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation

C.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis

D.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Short appendages

A.   Pilus 

B.   Flagellum

C.   Fimbria

D.   Capsule

A.   Flagellum

B.   Pilus

C.   Capsule 

D.   Fimbria

A.   Temperature

B.   Sound

C.   Chemicals

D.   Light

A.   Cilia

B.   Flagella 

C.   Fimbriae

D.   Pili

A.   The direction of flagellar rotation 

B.   The position of flagella within the cell wall

C.   The number of flagella present on a cell

D.   The number of cilia present on a cell

E.   Whether a cell is gram-positive or gram-negative

A.   The bacterium will run in a straight direction all the way to the nutrient solution

B.   The bacterium will tumble until it reaches the nutrient

C.   The bacterium will have longer runs towards the nutrient, but it will still tumble at times 

D.   The bacterium will rotate its flagella clockwise most of the time

A.   membrane; genetic exchange

B.   pilus; genetic exchange

C.   flagellum; motility

D.   membrane; nutrient transfer

A.   Gram-positive cell walls 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

D.   Lack cell walls 

A.   Gram-positive cell walls 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

D.   Lack cell walls 

A.   Gram-negative cell walls 

B.   Lack cell walls 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A.   Lack cell walls 

B.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Gram-negative cell walls 

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   attachment

B.   motility

C.   maintaining cell shape

D.   transferring DNA to other cells

A.   on teeth

B.   on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth 

C.   on the walls of swimming pools

D.   on shower curtains

A.   Biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

B.   Moist abiotic surfaces

C.   Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue 

D.   Dry abiotic surfaces

A.   Fimbriae

B.   Spike proteins

C.   Flagella

D.   Fimbriae and flagella 

A.   IL-4

B.   Exotoxin

C.   Exopolymer

D.   Lysozyme

A.   All of the choices are correct. 

B.   oxygen gradient

C.   pH gradient

D.   nutrient concentration

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   Catheters

B.   Artificial heart valves

C.   All of the chioces are correct

D.   Teeth

A.   None of the choices are correct.

B.   They can lead to systemic infections. 

C.   They exhibit the same gene expression as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria.

D.   They pose no risk to the health of hospital patients.

A.   a non-diving bacterial cell

B.   a bacterial cell with an impervious coating

C.   a frozen cell

D.   a metabolically active cell 

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   pH = 4

B.   Complex media

C.   Temperature of 45°C

D.   All of the choices are correct.

A.   As a normal part of cellular growth

B.   When the organism is placed in a hypertonic solution

C.   When the organism is exposed to sunlight

D.   When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse 

A.   mother cell

B.   father cell

C.   parent cell

D.   haploid cell

A.   the cyptoplasm of the mother cell

B.   proteins produced by the mother cell

C.   the membrane of the mother cell 

D.   the cell wall of the mother cell

A.   flagellar proteins

B.   peptidoglycan 

C.   cell membrane

D.   protein

A.   calcium; water 

B.   peptidoglycan; cell membrane

C.   water; calcium

D.   protien; lipids

A.   lipid membrane

B.   lipopolysaccharide

C.   protein 

D.   peptidoglycan

A.   Temperature

B.   All of the choices are correct

C.   pH

D.   Osmotic pressure

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   Two months

B.   Millions of years 

C.   One year

D.   20 years

A.   Tetanus

B.   Anthrax

C.   Botulism

D.   Strep throat