A.   Salivary secretions

B.   Ear wax

C.   Yellow or green discharge

D.   Dental plaque

A.   Most microbes cannot cause disease without other microbes present.

B.   The secreted extracellular "gunk" is highly damaging to tissues.

C.   Bacteria in biofilms are often protected from antibiotics. 

A.   Carbohydrates 

B.   Proteins

C.   Nucleic acids

D.   Lipids

A.   Colored layers of threadlike structures surrounding the cell

B.   Clear halos around the cells 

C.   Dark circles surrounding the cell wall

A.   Klebsiella 

B.   Pseudomonas

A.   It is released by the bacterium, killing any adjacent host cells

B.   It provides motility to bacterial cells, allowing them to spread throughout the host organism

C.   The presence of the capsule allows a bacterium to evade the immune system and cause damage to the host 

A.   Flagellum-motility

B.   Fimbriae-motility 

C.   Capsule-protective layer

D.   Pilus-attachment

A.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation

B.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation Short appendages

C.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Short appendages

D.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis

A.   Capsule

B.   Fimbria

C.   Flagellum

D.   Pilus 

A.   Pilus

B.   Fimbria

C.   Flagellum

D.   Capsule 

A.   Chemicals

B.   Sound

C.   Temperature

D.   Light

A.   Fimbriae

B.   Cilia

C.   Pili

D.   Flagella 

A.   The number of cilia present on a cell

B.   The number of flagella present on a cell

C.   The direction of flagellar rotation 

D.   The position of flagella within the cell wall

E.   Whether a cell is gram-positive or gram-negative

A.   The bacterium will rotate its flagella clockwise most of the time

B.   The bacterium will run in a straight direction all the way to the nutrient solution

C.   The bacterium will tumble until it reaches the nutrient

D.   The bacterium will have longer runs towards the nutrient, but it will still tumble at times 

A.   membrane; genetic exchange

B.   pilus; genetic exchange

C.   membrane; nutrient transfer

D.   flagellum; motility

A.   Gram-negative cell walls 

B.   Lack cell walls 

C.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

D.   Gram-positive cell walls 

A.   Gram-negative cell walls 

B.   Lack cell walls 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Lack cell walls 

A.   Lack cell walls 

B.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

C.   Gram-negative cell walls 

D.   Gram-positive cell walls 

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   transferring DNA to other cells

B.   maintaining cell shape

C.   attachment

D.   motility

A.   on teeth

B.   on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth 

C.   on the walls of swimming pools

D.   on shower curtains

A.   Biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

B.   Moist abiotic surfaces

C.   Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue 

D.   Dry abiotic surfaces

A.   Spike proteins

B.   Flagella

C.   Fimbriae and flagella 

D.   Fimbriae

A.   IL-4

B.   Exotoxin

C.   Exopolymer

D.   Lysozyme

A.   nutrient concentration

B.   All of the choices are correct. 

C.   oxygen gradient

D.   pH gradient

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   Teeth

B.   Artificial heart valves

C.   Catheters

D.   All of the chioces are correct

A.   They can lead to systemic infections. 

B.   They pose no risk to the health of hospital patients.

C.   They exhibit the same gene expression as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria.

D.   None of the choices are correct.

A.   a non-diving bacterial cell

B.   a metabolically active cell 

C.   a bacterial cell with an impervious coating

D.   a frozen cell

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   pH = 4

B.   All of the choices are correct.

C.   Temperature of 45°C

D.   Complex media

A.   As a normal part of cellular growth

B.   When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse 

C.   When the organism is exposed to sunlight

D.   When the organism is placed in a hypertonic solution

A.   father cell

B.   parent cell

C.   mother cell

D.   haploid cell

A.   the cyptoplasm of the mother cell

B.   proteins produced by the mother cell

C.   the membrane of the mother cell 

D.   the cell wall of the mother cell

A.   flagellar proteins

B.   peptidoglycan 

C.   cell membrane

D.   protein

A.   calcium; water 

B.   peptidoglycan; cell membrane

C.   water; calcium

D.   protien; lipids

A.   lipopolysaccharide

B.   peptidoglycan

C.   lipid membrane

D.   protein 

A.   Temperature

B.   pH

C.   Osmotic pressure

D.   All of the choices are correct

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   Two months

B.   One year

C.   20 years

D.   Millions of years 

A.   Strep throat 

B.   Anthrax

C.   Botulism

D.   Tetanus