A.   Salivary secretions

B.   Yellow or green discharge

C.   Ear wax

D.   Dental plaque

A.   The secreted extracellular "gunk" is highly damaging to tissues.

B.   Most microbes cannot cause disease without other microbes present.

C.   Bacteria in biofilms are often protected from antibiotics. 

A.   Lipids

B.   Nucleic acids

C.   Carbohydrates 

D.   Proteins

A.   Colored layers of threadlike structures surrounding the cell

B.   Dark circles surrounding the cell wall

C.   Clear halos around the cells 

A.   Klebsiella 

B.   Pseudomonas

A.   The presence of the capsule allows a bacterium to evade the immune system and cause damage to the host 

B.   It is released by the bacterium, killing any adjacent host cells

C.   It provides motility to bacterial cells, allowing them to spread throughout the host organism

A.   Fimbriae-motility 

B.   Capsule-protective layer

C.   Pilus-attachment

D.   Flagellum-motility

A.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation Short appendages

B.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation

C.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis

D.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Short appendages

A.   Fimbria

B.   Flagellum

C.   Pilus 

D.   Capsule

A.   Flagellum

B.   Fimbria

C.   Pilus

D.   Capsule 

A.   Chemicals

B.   Temperature

C.   Light

D.   Sound

A.   Cilia

B.   Flagella 

C.   Pili

D.   Fimbriae

A.   The position of flagella within the cell wall

B.   The number of flagella present on a cell

C.   Whether a cell is gram-positive or gram-negative

D.   The number of cilia present on a cell

E.   The direction of flagellar rotation 

A.   The bacterium will tumble until it reaches the nutrient

B.   The bacterium will have longer runs towards the nutrient, but it will still tumble at times 

C.   The bacterium will run in a straight direction all the way to the nutrient solution

D.   The bacterium will rotate its flagella clockwise most of the time

A.   pilus; genetic exchange

B.   membrane; nutrient transfer

C.   membrane; genetic exchange

D.   flagellum; motility

A.   Gram-negative cell walls 

B.   Gram-positive cell walls 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A.   Gram-negative cell walls 

B.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Lack cell walls 

A.   Lack cell walls 

B.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Gram-negative cell walls 

A.   Gram-negative cell walls 

B.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

C.   Gram-positive cell walls 

D.   Lack cell walls 

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   transferring DNA to other cells

B.   maintaining cell shape

C.   motility

D.   attachment

A.   on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth 

B.   on the walls of swimming pools

C.   on teeth

D.   on shower curtains

A.   Biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

B.   Moist abiotic surfaces

C.   Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue 

D.   Dry abiotic surfaces

A.   Fimbriae and flagella 

B.   Spike proteins

C.   Flagella

D.   Fimbriae

A.   Exotoxin

B.   Lysozyme

C.   IL-4

D.   Exopolymer

A.   pH gradient

B.   nutrient concentration

C.   All of the choices are correct. 

D.   oxygen gradient

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   Teeth

B.   Catheters

C.   All of the chioces are correct

D.   Artificial heart valves

A.   They exhibit the same gene expression as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria.

B.   None of the choices are correct.

C.   They pose no risk to the health of hospital patients.

D.   They can lead to systemic infections. 

A.   a frozen cell

B.   a bacterial cell with an impervious coating

C.   a non-diving bacterial cell

D.   a metabolically active cell 

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   Complex media

B.   pH = 4

C.   Temperature of 45°C

D.   All of the choices are correct.

A.   When the organism is exposed to sunlight

B.   As a normal part of cellular growth

C.   When the organism is placed in a hypertonic solution

D.   When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse 

A.   parent cell

B.   haploid cell

C.   mother cell

D.   father cell

A.   proteins produced by the mother cell

B.   the membrane of the mother cell 

C.   the cyptoplasm of the mother cell

D.   the cell wall of the mother cell

A.   peptidoglycan 

B.   flagellar proteins

C.   protein

D.   cell membrane

A.   calcium; water 

B.   water; calcium

C.   peptidoglycan; cell membrane

D.   protien; lipids

A.   protein 

B.   peptidoglycan

C.   lipid membrane

D.   lipopolysaccharide

A.   All of the choices are correct

B.   Temperature

C.   pH

D.   Osmotic pressure

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   One year

B.   Two months

C.   Millions of years 

D.   20 years

A.   Botulism

B.   Anthrax

C.   Strep throat 

D.   Tetanus