A.   Ear wax

B.   Dental plaque

C.   Yellow or green discharge

D.   Salivary secretions

A.   Most microbes cannot cause disease without other microbes present.

B.   Bacteria in biofilms are often protected from antibiotics. 

C.   The secreted extracellular "gunk" is highly damaging to tissues.

A.   Proteins

B.   Lipids

C.   Carbohydrates 

D.   Nucleic acids

A.   Colored layers of threadlike structures surrounding the cell

B.   Clear halos around the cells 

C.   Dark circles surrounding the cell wall

A.   Pseudomonas

B.   Klebsiella 

A.   It provides motility to bacterial cells, allowing them to spread throughout the host organism

B.   The presence of the capsule allows a bacterium to evade the immune system and cause damage to the host 

C.   It is released by the bacterium, killing any adjacent host cells

A.   Pilus-attachment

B.   Fimbriae-motility 

C.   Flagellum-motility

D.   Capsule-protective layer

A.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis

B.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation

C.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to colonize host tissues Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Participate in biofilm formation Short appendages

D.   Hollow tubes for material exchange Allow bacterial cells to avoid phagocytosis Short appendages

A.   Flagellum

B.   Capsule

C.   Fimbria

D.   Pilus 

A.   Capsule 

B.   Flagellum

C.   Pilus

D.   Fimbria

A.   Light

B.   Temperature

C.   Chemicals

D.   Sound

A.   Cilia

B.   Fimbriae

C.   Pili

D.   Flagella 

A.   The position of flagella within the cell wall

B.   The number of cilia present on a cell

C.   The direction of flagellar rotation 

D.   Whether a cell is gram-positive or gram-negative

E.   The number of flagella present on a cell

A.   The bacterium will rotate its flagella clockwise most of the time

B.   The bacterium will have longer runs towards the nutrient, but it will still tumble at times 

C.   The bacterium will run in a straight direction all the way to the nutrient solution

D.   The bacterium will tumble until it reaches the nutrient

A.   pilus; genetic exchange

B.   membrane; genetic exchange

C.   membrane; nutrient transfer

D.   flagellum; motility

A.   Lack cell walls 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

D.   Gram-positive cell walls 

A.   Gram-positive cell walls 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A.   Gram-negative cell walls 

B.   Gram-positive cell walls 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

A.   Primitive prokaryotes, unusual cell walls and nutritional habits 

B.   Gram-negative cell walls 

C.   Lack cell walls 

D.   Gram-positive cell walls 

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   attachment

B.   maintaining cell shape

C.   transferring DNA to other cells

D.   motility

A.   on teeth

B.   on the walls of swimming pools

C.   on a variety of surfaces including shower curtains, the walls of swimming pools, and teeth 

D.   on shower curtains

A.   Dry abiotic surfaces

B.   Biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue

C.   Moist abiotic surfaces

D.   Moist abiotic surfaces and biotic surfaces such as plant and animal tissue 

A.   Fimbriae and flagella 

B.   Flagella

C.   Fimbriae

D.   Spike proteins

A.   Exopolymer

B.   IL-4

C.   Lysozyme

D.   Exotoxin

A.   oxygen gradient

B.   nutrient concentration

C.   All of the choices are correct. 

D.   pH gradient

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   Catheters

B.   Teeth

C.   Artificial heart valves

D.   All of the chioces are correct

A.   They can lead to systemic infections. 

B.   None of the choices are correct.

C.   They exhibit the same gene expression as nonbiofilm-associated bacteria.

D.   They pose no risk to the health of hospital patients.

A.   a non-diving bacterial cell

B.   a metabolically active cell 

C.   a frozen cell

D.   a bacterial cell with an impervious coating

A.   TRUE

B.   FALSE

A.   pH = 4

B.   Complex media

C.   Temperature of 45°C

D.   All of the choices are correct.

A.   As a normal part of cellular growth

B.   When the organism is placed in a hypertonic solution

C.   When nutrients are depleted or conditions become adverse 

D.   When the organism is exposed to sunlight

A.   haploid cell

B.   mother cell

C.   father cell

D.   parent cell

A.   proteins produced by the mother cell

B.   the cyptoplasm of the mother cell

C.   the membrane of the mother cell 

D.   the cell wall of the mother cell

A.   cell membrane

B.   flagellar proteins

C.   peptidoglycan 

D.   protein

A.   peptidoglycan; cell membrane

B.   water; calcium

C.   calcium; water 

D.   protien; lipids

A.   lipid membrane

B.   lipopolysaccharide

C.   peptidoglycan

D.   protein 

A.   All of the choices are correct

B.   Osmotic pressure

C.   Temperature

D.   pH

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   Millions of years 

B.   20 years

C.   Two months

D.   One year

A.   Tetanus

B.   Botulism

C.   Strep throat 

D.   Anthrax