Psychology 150 - Introduction to Psychology » Fall 2021 » Week 2 Step 4 Recall Noba Module 1

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Question #1
According to the code of ethics that governs research in psychology, which of the following statements regarding the use of deception is the most accurate?
A.   Deception may be used in research as long as an institutional review board has approved it. It does not need to be shared with research participants.
B.   Deception is unethical and should never be used in psychological research.
C.   Research cannot be conducted unless deception is used, otherwise participants can “fake” the data.
D.   Deception may be used when necessary, but must be followed by a debriefing after the research participation is complete.
E.   As long as deception is explained in the research report, it is ethical to use.
Question #2
Which notable individual, who was a cousin of evolutionary theorist Charles Darwin, is credited with inventing the self-report questionnaire that allowed people to offer their own judgments or opinions on various matters?
A.   David Buss
B.   Francis Galton
C.   Stanley Hall
D.   William James
E.   Wilhelm Stern
Question #3
Which ethical guideline would a scientist be breaking if they talked to police to find out personal information about individuals without those individuals’ consent?
A.   non-maleficence
B.   informed consent
C.   deception
D.   privacy
E.   autonomy
Question #4
Which of the following titles of an academic paper best reflects the notion that science is democratic?
A.   Ethics: Who Needs the American Psychological Association?
B.   Statistics: They NEVER Lie!
C.   Look at the Data and Form Your Own Opinion.
D.   To Experiment or Not to Experiment, that is the Question.
E.   The Myth that Publications Lead to Academic Job Security.
Question #5
______ methods in psychological research are approaches to data-gathering that are tied to actual measurement and observation.
A.   Nomothetic
B.   Scientific
C.   Empirical
D.   Ethical
E.   Idiographic
Question #6
When we develop ______ (groups of closely related phenomena or observations) in science, we must do so in a way that can be tested. Otherwise there is no way to prove (or disprove) them.
A.   theories
B.   prototypes
C.   examples
D.   schemata
E.   concepts
Question #7
In what way have scientists Fritz Haber and Norman Borlaug helped to save more than a billion human lives on our planet?
A.   They developed a method of “patching” the holes in the ozone layer that may have been caused by human emissions.
B.   They developed hybrid agricultural crops and synthetic fertilizer that allowed us to produce adequate food for the planet.
C.   They developed medications to vaccinate people against HIV and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.
D.   They designed a program for decoding encrypted communications about potential terrorist attacks around the world.
E.   They developed a method for growing crops in the arctic tundra.
Question #8
Dr. Morabian is conducting research that was inspired by studies published 10 years before he got his doctorate. He reads those studies, thinks about how they can be improved, and designs research that will extend their findings. Dr. Morabian’s work demonstrates that science is:
A.   theft
B.   democratic
C.   cumulative
D.   objective
E.   relative
Question #9
If a psychology study employs deception as part of its methods, the participants must be informed of that deception before their contribution is completed. This opportunity to educate research participants about the true nature of study is called ______.
A.   consented informing
B.   confiding
C.   debriefing
D.   due process
E.   exfiltration
Question #10
To demonstrate the vast changes that have taken place in the world around us over the last century, consider that average human life expectancy in 1900 was ______ years, and that number has jumped to 79 years in 2010.
A.   55
B.   60
C.   32
D.   47
E.   40
Question #11
To demonstrate the enormous contributions that science has made to social and technological changes over the past century, your text author cites the work of Dr. Edward Jenner. Sometimes called the “father of immunology,” Jenner’s work directly led to the development of a vaccine that led to the eradication of ______.
A.   smallpox
B.   polio
C.   measles
D.   pertussis
E.   rubella
Question #12
Sometimes considered the core of science, ______ refers to the careful monitoring (or watching) of the natural world with the aim of better understanding it.
A.   experimentation
B.   longitudinal research
C.   statistical analysis
D.   systematic observation
E.   the scientific method
Question #13
Oladipo volunteers to be a participant in a research study. When he arrives at the laboratory, he is given a handout that describes the basic purposes of the research and explains that they are not obligated to participate in the study. This handout is related to the ethical consideration of ______ .
A.   confidentiality
B.   debriefing
C.   privacy
D.   non-maleficence
E.   informed consent
Question #14
Dr. Miller-Lewis is conducting research aimed at understanding how elderly people can best thrive when residing in an assisted-living facility. She has several logical ideas that can be tested in her research. These ideas, which might be thought of as educated guesses, are called ______.
A.   empiricisms
B.   hypotheses
C.   abstractions
D.   theories
E.   methods
Question #15
Which of the following is an example of an empirical question that could be tested using systematic observation?
A.   Is the work of Pablo Picasso better or worse than the work of Paul Rodin?
B.   What religion has the best understanding of a higher power?
C.   Do teenagers spend more time on their cellphones in a shopping mall than do adults?
D.   Is it ethical to conduct research on animals?
Question #16
Shalva suggests that most people outside of industrialized societies do not have telephones in their homes. Loni disagrees, and would most accurately respond in which of the following way after reading the Why Science NOBA module?
A.   There is no way to know for certain how many people have telephones.
B.   Due to government initiatives across the world, almost every home on every continent now has access to a working telephone.
C.   Actually, about three-quarters of the world’s population now have access to a mobile phone!
D.   It isn’t just Western societies that have phones. Most people in Asian societies also have phones in their homes.
E.   Actually, more than half of the homes in America and Europe are without a working telephone.
Question #17
Professor Brown is a psychologist who conducts intelligence research using students from his own courses as his participants. One day he comes into class and posts the results of intelligence tests on the board with each student’s name. Professor Brown has forgotten to attend to which ethical obligation in research?
A.   informed consent
B.   debriefing
C.   privacy
D.   confidentiality
E.   deception
Question #18
In order to make sure that research is conducted in a way that protects the welfare and dignity of its participants, psychology has developed a code of ______ that governs all such exploration.
A.   conduct
B.   decency
C.   morality
D.   ethics
E.   professionalism
Question #19
These days, researchers find that about ______ percent of homes across the world have a television, demonstrating the ease with which information can be transmitted to populations.
A.   10
B.   100
C.   80
D.   25
E.   50
Question #20
______ are professional guidelines that offer researchers a path for making decisions that protect their participants from potential harm.
A.   Welfares
B.   Laws
C.   Rights
D.   Morals
E.   Ethics

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