A.   Barrel shaped rib cage

B.   Longer legs

C.   Longer toes

D.   Stabilized foot arch

A.   Australopithecus afarensis

B.   Homo sapiens

C.   Sahelenthropus tchadensis

D.   Homo erectus

A.   Thinner browridge that ancestors

B.   Sagittal keel

C.   950 cc average brain size

D.   Long, low braincase

A.   The Dmanisi were very small in stature and lacked the features we originally believed Homo erectus needed in order to travel long distances outside of Africa.

B.   The Dmanisi were found to be advanced hunters, which negated the theory that Homo erectus migrated because they were following animals they scavenged from.

C.   The Dmanisi were still using Oldowan tools, but anthropologists believed Homo erectus needed to use more advanced tools in order to meet their energy budget.

D.   The Dmanisi were found in Georgia outside of Africa and date back to 1.8 mya, which pushes the date of migration by Homo erectus back nearly 1 million years.

A.   Oldowan

B.   acheulean

C.   Magdelanian

D.   Mousterian

A.   Omomyoids

B.   Procunsul

C.   Plesiadapiforms

D.   Adapoids

A.   Double arched brow

B.   Projected mid face

C.   Relatively small brain size compared to Homo sapiens

D.   Swept back cheeks

A.   Neanderthals had bodies of equal size to Homo sapiens, which allowed them to effectively compete for resources in a mild climate

B.   Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to reduce heat in a sub-tropical environment

C.   Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to retain heat in an arctic environment

D.   Neanderthals had bodies that were lighter and leaner than Homo sapiens, which allowed them to retain more heat in an arctic environment

A.   Burials where Neanderthal bodies were placed in the fetal position and covered in flowers, reflecting a potential for spirituality

B.   A Levallois tool making technique that allowed Neanderthals to control the size and shape of their stone tools

C.   Leather working instruments that showed Neanderthals were manipulating animals pelts in order to making clothing and shoes

D.   Advanced use of hunting and trapping materials that showed Neanderthals exploited small game resources as well as oceanic resources

A.   Herto cranium

B.   Bodo cranium

C.   Turkana boy

D.   Kabwe cranium

A.   Fossil bones

B.   wooden spears

C.   bows and arrows

D.   Atylatl

A.   show that rhesus monkeys do not get attached to their infants like other mammals.

B.   imply that there is a biological component to the behavior of motherhood.

C.   Suggest that motherhood is learned

D.   to show that the benefits of motherhood do not outweigh the costs.

A.   dental arcade

B.   dental formula

C.   dental enamel

D.   dental attrition

A.   Exothermic

B.   Produce milk for their young

C.   Have live young

D.   Endothermic

A.   Whether the primates are nocturnal

B.   Whether the climate is conducive to mating

C.   If the male’s participation in child rearing increases the likelihood the child will survive.

D.   Whether a male can protect all the females and children in the group single handedly

A.   canines, incisors, premolars

B.   Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

C.   incisors, premolars, canines, molars

D.   canine, incisors, premolars, molars

A.   Political strategies by male chimpanzees

B.   Collective problem solving strategies among apes

C.   Grieving and mourning among mother chimpanzees

D.   Ability to learn English words and communicate them verbally

A.   Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus

B.   Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Nuchal torus

C.   Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Huge molars

D.   Sagittal crest, Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus

A.   Sagittal keel and delicate mandible

B.   Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and delicate mandible

C.   Flared zygomatics, Sagittal crest and Huge molars

D.   Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and Huge molars

A.   Her legs were longer than her arms, but her arms were still long enough to brachiate

B.   She had large, thick molars and sexually dimorphic canines

C.   Her brain size was roughly 440 cubic centimeters

D.   She was not capable of bipedalism

A.   She was an infant, and infant fossils are less common in the fossil record

B.   Selam was an elderly fossil, which showed us how early Australopithecines started aging

C.   An endocast allowed us to learn about the maturation rate of Australopithecus afarensis

D.   Selam's fossil contained her entire skull and spinal cord