Anthropology 101 - Human Biological Evolution » Fall 2021 » Exam 2

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Question #1
All of the following are features of the Homo erectus body that allowed H. erectus to run and walk more efficiently than its ancestors EXCEPT
A.   Barrel shaped rib cage
B.   Stabilized foot arch
C.   Longer toes
D.   Longer legs
Question #2
Which species was the first to leave Africa?
A.   Sahelenthropus tchadensis
B.   Homo sapiens
C.   Homo erectus
D.   Australopithecus afarensis
Question #3
Homo erectus is identified by all of the following cranial characteristics EXCEPT
A.   Sagittal keel
B.   Long, low braincase
C.   950 cc average brain size
D.   Thinner browridge that ancestors
Question #4
Your chapter and lecture introduces an important fossil find of Homo erectus in the location called Dmanisi, which changed our understanding of when and how Homo erectus left Africa in all of the followings way EXCEPT
A.   The Dmanisi were found in Georgia outside of Africa and date back to 1.8 mya, which pushes the date of migration by Homo erectus back nearly 1 million years.
B.   The Dmanisi were very small in stature and lacked the features we originally believed Homo erectus needed in order to travel long distances outside of Africa.
C.   The Dmanisi were still using Oldowan tools, but anthropologists believed Homo erectus needed to use more advanced tools in order to meet their energy budget.
D.   The Dmanisi were found to be advanced hunters, which negated the theory that Homo erectus migrated because they were following animals they scavenged from.
Question #5
The tool tradition for Homo erectus is called the ____________ tool kit.
A.   Magdelanian
B.   acheulean
C.   Mousterian
D.   Oldowan
Question #6
All modern primates are considered to have evolved from this ancient group of fossils: ___________.
A.   Adapoids
B.   Plesiadapiforms
C.   Procunsul
D.   Omomyoids
Question #7
All of the following are distinctive traits of the Homo neanderthalensis skull EXCEPT
A.   Relatively small brain size compared to Homo sapiens
B.   Projected mid face
C.   Swept back cheeks
D.   Double arched brow
Question #8
Which of the following answers best explains the adaptation of Homo neanderthalensis' body to their environment
A.   Neanderthals had bodies of equal size to Homo sapiens, which allowed them to effectively compete for resources in a mild climate
B.   Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to reduce heat in a sub-tropical environment
C.   Neanderthals had bodies that were lighter and leaner than Homo sapiens, which allowed them to retain more heat in an arctic environment
D.   Neanderthals had short and stocky bodies that allowed them to retain heat in an arctic environment
Question #9
All of the following artifacts were presented as evidence of Homo neanderthalensis’ cultural innovations EXCEPT
A.   Leather working instruments that showed Neanderthals were manipulating animals pelts in order to making clothing and shoes
B.   A Levallois tool making technique that allowed Neanderthals to control the size and shape of their stone tools
C.   Advanced use of hunting and trapping materials that showed Neanderthals exploited small game resources as well as oceanic resources
D.   Burials where Neanderthal bodies were placed in the fetal position and covered in flowers, reflecting a potential for spirituality
Question #10
Which fossil of Homo heidelbergensis appeared to have been defleshed by tools?
A.   Herto cranium
B.   Kabwe cranium
C.   Bodo cranium
D.   Turkana boy
Question #11
Which of the following pieces of evidence was found in Germany that supported the contention that Homo heidelbergensis were hunters?
A.   bows and arrows
B.   Atylatl
C.   wooden spears
D.   Fossil bones
Question #12
The article “Bonobo Bliss” discusses the hormone oxytocin in the experiment where adolescent female rhesus monkeys get near infants in order to
A.   imply that there is a biological component to the behavior of motherhood.
B.   Suggest that motherhood is learned
C.   show that rhesus monkeys do not get attached to their infants like other mammals.
D.   to show that the benefits of motherhood do not outweigh the costs.
Question #13
The is a series of numbers that indicates how many teeth there are for each tooth category in one half of the upper or lower jaw.
A.   dental formula
B.   dental attrition
C.   dental enamel
D.   dental arcade
Question #14
Primates are classified as mammals for having all of the following traits EXCEPT
A.   Endothermic
B.   Produce milk for their young
C.   Have live young
D.   Exothermic
Question #15
All of the following were identified as factors in whether a primate is monogamous or polygamist EXCEPT
A.   If the male’s participation in child rearing increases the likelihood the child will survive.
B.   Whether a male can protect all the females and children in the group single handedly
C.   Whether the climate is conducive to mating
D.   Whether the primates are nocturnal
Question #16
Dental formulas represent teeth in the following order:
A.   incisors, premolars, canines, molars
B.   Incisors, canines, premolars, molars
C.   canines, incisors, premolars
D.   canine, incisors, premolars, molars
Question #17
All of the following are behaviors discussed in your readings and films that are found among non-human primates EXCEPT
A.   Collective problem solving strategies among apes
B.   Grieving and mourning among mother chimpanzees
C.   Political strategies by male chimpanzees
D.   Ability to learn English words and communicate them verbally
Question #18
Paranthropus species had which of the following characteristics
A.   Sagittal crest, Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus
B.   Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Huge molars
C.   Sagittal crest, Flared zygomatics and Nuchal torus
D.   Sagittal keel and Nuchal torus
Question #19
Gracile Australopiths lack which of the following traits?
A.   Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and delicate mandible
B.   Sagittal keel and delicate mandible
C.   Flared zygomatics, Sagittal crest and Huge molars
D.   Flared zygomatics, Sagittal keel and Huge molars
Question #20
Lucy is classified as an Australopithecus afarensis for all the following reasons EXCEPT
A.   Her legs were longer than her arms, but her arms were still long enough to brachiate
B.   She was not capable of bipedalism
C.   She had large, thick molars and sexually dimorphic canines
D.   Her brain size was roughly 440 cubic centimeters
Question #21
In the first episode of Becoming Human, we met an Australopithecus afarensis fossil named Selam. Selam was an extremely important discovery for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A.   Selam was an elderly fossil, which showed us how early Australopithecines started aging
B.   She was an infant, and infant fossils are less common in the fossil record
C.   An endocast allowed us to learn about the maturation rate of Australopithecus afarensis
D.   Selam's fossil contained her entire skull and spinal cord

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