Microbiology 020 - General Microbiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 3
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Question #1
Which of the following types of control agents would be used to achieve sterility?
A.
Bactericide
B.
Fungicide
C.
Germicide
D.
Sporicide
Question #2
Scrubbing or immersing the skin in chemicals to reduce the numbers of microbes on the skin is _______.
A.
sanitization
B.
antisepsis
C.
disinfection
D.
ionization
Question #3
Base pairs in DNA are held together by _______ bonds.
A.
sulfhydryl
B.
nonpolar covalent
C.
hydrogen
D.
peptide
Question #4
Biofilm infections are harder to treat than the same free-living organisms because _______.
A.
when part of a biofilm community, the bacterial cells express different genes thus changing their antibiotic susceptibility
B.
the organisms in the biofilm degrade the antibiotics at a much faster rate than their free-living counterparts
C.
bacteria in a biofilm exist only on synthetic surfaces such as catheters, so they cannot be treated with antibiotics
D.
organisms in a biofilm develop antibiotic resistance more rapidly than free-living cells
Question #5
Which of the following is not used as an antiseptic?
A.
Betadine (povidone-iodine)
B.
Iodophor
C.
Glutaraldehyde
D.
Chlorhexidine
E.
3% hydrogen peroxide
Question #6
A specific segment of DNA that contains the necessary code to make a protein or RNA molecule is a __________.
A.
phenotype
B.
gene
C.
genotype
D.
chromosome
Question #7
RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA ________.
A.
has uracil
B.
All of the choices are correct.
C.
has ribose
D.
does not have thymine
E.
is typically one strand of nucleotides
Question #8
The specific sequence of three bases in mRNA that encodes a particular amino acid is the _______ whereas the complementary sequence of three bases in tRNA that binds to the mRNA is best known as the _______.
A.
codon; anticodon
B.
gene; complement
C.
codon; DNA triplet
D.
anticodon; codon
Question #9
Broad-spectrum drugs that disrupt the body's microbiota often cause ________.
A.
nephrotoxicity
B.
allergic reactions
C.
mutation
D.
drug toxicity
E.
superinfections
Question #10
Three consecutive bases in the DNA of a gene represent the code for one _______.
A.
amino acid
B.
protein
C.
nucleotide
D.
pyrimidine
E.
purine
Question #11
The duplication of a cell's DNA is called _______.
A.
replication
B.
transcription
C.
mitosis
D.
mutation
E.
translation
Question #12
The shortest time required to kill all the microbes in a sample at a specified temperature is called the ________.
A.
thermal death point (TDP)
B.
sporicidal time
C.
None of the choices are correct
D.
death phase point
E.
thermal death time (TDT)
Question #13
If the wild-type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATA ETH EBI GRA T?
A.
Nonsense
B.
Insertion
C.
Missense
D.
Silent
E.
Deletion
Question #14
The sum total of genetic material of a cell is referred to as its ________.
A.
DNA
B.
chromosome
C.
phenotype
D.
genome
Question #15
Among the microorganisms, various genomes can include ______.
A.
plasmids
B.
mitochondrial DNA
C.
chloroplast DNA
D.
chromosomes
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #16
A method for sterilizing milk, called ________ treatment, uses 134°C for 1 to 2 seconds.
A.
pasteurization
B.
batch pasteurization
C.
flash pasteurization
D.
ultra high temperature
Question #17
The method of removing vegetative microbial life forms from inanimate objects is termed _______.
A.
antisepsis
B.
degerming
C.
decontamination
D.
disinfection
E.
sterilization
Question #18
Surfactants work by ________.
A.
disrupting membrane integrity
B.
blocking transport out from the organism
C.
blocking transport into the organism
D.
coating the organism, preventing interaction with its environment
Question #19
Gram-negative rods are often treated with _________.
A.
vancomycin
B.
isoniazid
C.
aminoglycosides
D.
synercid
E.
penicillin G
Question #20
Sulfonamides _______.
A.
block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules
B.
damage cell membranes
C.
block folic acid synthesis
D.
interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan
E.
attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis
Question #21
A cleansing method that mechanically removes microbes and other debris to reduce contamination is _______.
A.
sterilization.
B.
antisepsis
C.
disinfection
D.
degermation
E.
sanitization
Question #22
During DNA replication, synthesis of the leading strand of DNA differs from the synthesis of the lagging strand in that ________.
A.
only the lagging strand requires a primer for each of the Okazaki fragments; the leading strand does not require a primer to begin synthesis of the daughter strand
B.
the leading strand is synthesized away from the fork and is made in short segments called Okazaki fragments whereas the lagging strand extends continuously toward the replication fork
C.
the leading strand is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork, whereas the lagging strand extends away from the fork and is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments
D.
the leading strand is made in the 5'-3' direction by DNA polymerase III, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction, 3'-5'
Question #23
What type of mutation alters the base, but not the amino acid being coded for?
A.
Silent
B.
Missense
C.
Point
D.
Nonsense
E.
Back
Question #24
The nontranscribed region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription is called the _______.
A.
operon
B.
intron
C.
promoter
D.
operator
E.
exon
Question #25
The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens is ______.
A.
disinfection
B.
ionization
C.
sterilization
D.
antisepsis
E.
sanitization
Question #26
The antifungal drug that can be injected to treat serious systemic fungal infections, like histoplasmosis, is ________.
A.
griseofulvin
B.
metronidazole
C.
amphotericin B
D.
sulfa drugs
E.
nystatin
Question #27
Placing organisms at 4oC is _______.
A.
None of the choices are correct
B.
decontamination
C.
bacteriostatic
D.
sterilization
E.
bactericidal
Question #28
Which of the following is not true of an organism's genotype?
A.
Are the expressed traits governed by the genes
B.
Are structural genes coding for proteins
C.
Are genes coding for RNA
D.
Are regulatory genes controlling gene expression
E.
Is inherited
Question #29
Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all _______.
A.
are semisynthetic
B.
have resistance to the action of penicillinase
C.
target the cell wall
D.
have an expanded spectrum of activity
E.
All of the choices are correct.
Question #30
The use of a drug to prevent a person at risk of an imminent infection is called _______.
A.
synergism
B.
lantibiotics
C.
prebiotics
D.
prophylaxis
E.
competitive inhibition
Question #31
_______ is a control method that removes microorganisms rather than inhibiting or killing them.
A.
Radiation
B.
Disinfection
C.
Filtration
D.
Boiling
E.
Sterilization
Question #32
The drug used for several protozoan infections is ________.
A.
amphotericin B
B.
metronidazole
C.
nystatin
D.
griseofulvin
E.
sulfa drugs
Question #33
DNA Polymerase III ________.
A.
unzips the DNA helix
B.
synthesizes primer
C.
removes primer
D.
adds new bases and proofreads new DNA
E.
joins Okazaki fragments
Question #34
The process that destroys or removes all microorganisms and microbial forms including bacterial endospores on inanimate objects is ______.
A.
sanitization
B.
sterilization
C.
disinfection
D.
antisepsis
E.
degermation
Question #35
Some microbial control agents are able to _______ cell proteins by breaking bonds that maintain the native state (three-dimensional configuration) of the proteins.
A.
bind
B.
denature
C.
activate
D.
dissolve
Question #36
A three base sequence on mRNA is called a(n) _______.
A.
codon
B.
exon
C.
anticodon
D.
intron
Question #37
The lowest temperature needed to kill all microbes in 10 minutes is the ________.
A.
death phase point
B.
thermal death point (TDP)
C.
sporicidal time
D.
thermal death time (TDT)
Question #38
Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _______ infections.
A.
protozoan
B.
bacterial
C.
fungal
D.
viral
E.
helminthic
Question #39
A ratio of the dose of a drug that is toxic to humans versus the minimum effective dose for that pathogen is assessed to predict the potential for toxic drug reactions. This is called the _______.
A.
E-test
B.
antibiogram
C.
MIC
D.
therapeutic index (TI)
E.
Kirby-Bauer
Question #40
DNA Polymerase I ________.
A.
removes primers
B.
adds bases to new DNA chain
C.
unzips DNA
D.
synthesizes RNA primer
Question #41
A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobials in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this microbiologist setting up?
A.
Therapeutic index (TI)
B.
Kirby-Bauer
C.
E-test
D.
MIC
E.
Antibiogram
Question #42
Micafungin and caspofungin are antifungal drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis. They belong to the group of drugs known as _______.
A.
allylamines
B.
macrolide polyenes
C.
azoles
D.
echinocandins
Question #43
The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called _______.
A.
messenger RNA
B.
ribozymes
C.
ribosomal RNA
D.
transfer RNA
E.
primer RNA
Question #44
Antiviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat _______.
A.
HIV
B.
respiratory syncytial virus
C.
influenza A virus
D.
hepatitis C virus
E.
herpes zoster virus
Question #45
All of the following pertain to nitrogenous bases except ________.
A.
adenine pairs with thymine
B.
they are only present in the form of purines
C.
form pairs by hydrogen bonding
D.
cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines
E.
guanine pairs with uracil
Question #46
A.
occurs before translation
B.
requires RNA polymerase
C.
occurs on a ribosome in the cytoplasm
D.
proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction of the growing mRNA molecule
E.
requires a template DNA strand
Question #47
The process of using a cleansing technique to mechanically remove and reduce microorganisms and debris to safe levels is _______.
A.
disinfection
B.
degermation
C.
antisepsis
D.
sterilization
E.
sanitization
Question #48
HEPA filters are used to remove microbes from ________.
A.
air
B.
human tissues
C.
liquids
D.
All of the choices are correct
E.
medical instruments
Question #49
The various techniques by which scientists manipulate DNA in the lab are called ________.
A.
genetic engineering
B.
biotechnology
C.
recombinant DNA
D.
gene probes
E.
gel electrophoresis
Question #50
The gene that codes for a protein capable of repressing an operon is called the _______.
A.
operator
B.
structural locus
C.
regulator
D.
promoter
E.
terminator
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