Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Fall 2021 » Midterm 1
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Question #1
The Earth’s surface consists of more land than ocean
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #2
Half of the oxygen in our atmosphere is generated in the ocean
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #3
The oldest oceanic crust is younger than oldest continental crust
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis received much praise and was immediately accepted by the scientific community.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #5
How long ago did each of the following events occur in the Earth's history? The Earth was formed (Proto-Earth)
A.
4.5 billion years ago
B.
4 billion years ago
C.
2.5 billion years ago
Question #6
How long ago did each of the following events occur in the Earth's history? Our planet's atmosphere became rich in oxygen
A.
200,000 years ago
B.
2.5 billion years ago
C.
4.5 billion years ago
Question #7
How long ago did each of the following events occur in the Earth's history? The Earth's Oceans were formed
A.
4 billion years ago
B.
200,000 years ago
C.
4.5 billion years ago
Question #8
How long ago did each of the following events occur in the Earth's history? Modern humans appeared on Earth
A.
200,000 years ago
B.
4 billion years ago
C.
2.5 billion years ago
Question #9
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Sediments that formed close to shore
A.
Neritic (coastal)
B.
Pelagic (oceanic)
Question #10
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Sediments that formed further from shore
A.
Neritic (coastal)
B.
Pelagic (oceanic)
Question #11
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Dominantly lithogenous sediments
A.
Pelagic (oceanic)
B.
Neritic (coastal)
Question #12
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Sediments in these areas are typically deposited quickly
A.
Pelagic (oceanic)
B.
Neritic (coastal)
Question #13
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Slowly suspended sediments
A.
Neritic (coastal)
B.
Pelagic (oceanic)
Question #14
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Fine grain sediments
A.
Neritic (coastal)
B.
Pelagic (oceanic)
Question #15
Name of the Earth’s supercontinent 200 million years ago
A.
Lithosphere
B.
Asthensophere
C.
Pangea
Question #16
A type of biogenic sediment
A.
Calcium carbonate
B.
Basalth
C.
Granite
Question #17
Mechanism that explains how the molten Proto-Earth separated into layers
A.
Radiometric dating
B.
Density stratification
C.
Outgassing
Question #18
A likely source for the water in our oceans
A.
Density stratification
B.
Outgassing
C.
Innergassing
Question #19
Method used to determine the age of rocks
A.
Outgassing
B.
Density stratification
C.
Radiometric dating
Question #20
Composition of the Earth’s core
A.
Basalth
B.
Iron and Nickel
C.
Granite
Question #21
Continental crust is made of this rock
A.
Iron
B.
Coal
C.
Granite
Question #22
Oceanic crust is made of this rock
A.
Dolomite
B.
Granite
C.
Basalth
Question #23
Represents Earth’s plates that are involved in plate tectonic motion
A.
Lithosphere
B.
Ionosphere
C.
Asthensophere
Question #24
Earth’s plastic layer, which flows when a gradual force is applied to it
A.
Lithosphere
B.
Asthensophere
C.
Ionosphere
Question #25
Which of the following is the largest natural geographic feature on Earth?
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Amazon Rainforest
C.
Sahara Desert
D.
Antarctica
Question #26
Which of the following is the first step of the scientific method?
A.
hypothesis
B.
theory formation
C.
testing
D.
observation
Question #27
Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of:
A.
guesses
B.
observations
C.
hypotheses
D.
theories
Question #28
New crust is being created at _________plate boundaries, while _________ crust is being destroyed at __________ plate boundaries.
A.
convergent; oceanic; divergent
B.
convergent; continental; divergent
C.
divergent; continental; convergent
D.
divergent; oceanic; convergent
Question #29
Evidence shows that periodic reversals of Earth's magnetic field have resulted in:
A.
subduction
B.
sea floor spreading
C.
mass extinction of life-forms
D.
a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks
Question #30
Where do most earthquakes occur?
A.
at the bottom of the ocean
B.
in the middle of the plates
C.
at plate boundaries
D.
on the continents
Question #31
Tectonic plates move about as fast as:
A.
a human can run
B.
a human can walk
C.
a human's fingernail grows
D.
a snail crawls
Question #32
Tectonic plates are pieces of the ___________ that float on the more fluid ________ below.
A.
mantle; crust
B.
lithosphere; mesosphere
C.
lithosphere; asthenosphere
D.
asthenosphere; lithosphere
Question #33
Deep ocean trenches are associated with:
A.
transform faults
B.
subduction zones
C.
submarine canyons
D.
the mid-ocean ridge
Question #34
If you find a line of volcanic peaks a few hundred miles long in which the volcanoes were progressively older toward one end of the line, what probably created them?
A.
a divergent boundary
B.
a hot spot
C.
a transform boundary
D.
a convergent boundary
Question #35
The measurement of ocean depth and the charting of seafloor topography is called:
A.
tomography
B.
bathymetry
C.
cartography
D.
navigation
E.
hydrology
Question #36
Which method of sea floor mapping involves measuring gravitational anomalies at the surface of the ocean?
A.
sonar waves
B.
magnetometer
C.
mapping with satellite
D.
depth sounding
Question #37
The largest features of the ocean which are deep, very flat areas of the ocean floor that are covered with sediments are:
A.
continental shelfs
B.
submarine canyons
C.
continental slopes
D.
abyssal plains
Question #38
Nearly all oceanic islands are:
A.
volcanic in origin
B.
parts of volcanic island arcs
C.
formed at hot spots
D.
parts of continents that broke off
Question #39
Which of the following is/are NOT associated with the mid-ocean ridge?
A.
a central rift valley
B.
basalt volcanism
C.
thick layers of sediment
D.
hydrothermal vents
Question #40
The term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is:
A.
texture
B.
fabric
C.
sorting
D.
composition
Question #41
High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which of the following?
A.
large particles
B.
cosmogenous sediments
C.
hydrogenous sediments
D.
clay-sized particles
Question #42
Which of the following is NOT an example of lithogenous sediment:
A.
clays
B.
volcanic particles
C.
diatom ooze
D.
beach sand
E.
wind-driven dust
Question #43
What is the calcium carbonate compensation depth, or CCD?
A.
the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve
B.
the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve
C.
the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last
D.
the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last
Question #44
Two common types of chemical compounds found in biogenous sediments are_______ and ________
A.
silica; calcium carbonate
B.
basalt; granite
C.
silica; quartz
D.
calcium carbonate; volcanic ash
Question #45
The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called:
A.
dilution
B.
productivity
C.
destruction
D.
ecology
Question #46
Biogenic oozes are uncommon on continental margins because:
A.
relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins
B.
very little sediment accumulates on continental margins
C.
the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent
D.
biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates
Question #47
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called:
A.
hydrogenous
B.
volcanic
C.
lithogenous
D.
cosmogenous
Question #48
The ancient remains of which of the following, buried in sediments before they could decompose, are the source of the petroleum we use today?
A.
microscopic organisms
B.
fish and amphibians
C.
dinosaurs
D.
land based plants
Question #49
The two most common types of marine sediments are:
A.
biogenous and hydrogenous
B.
cosmogenous and hydrogenous
C.
lithogenous and hydrogenous
D.
biogenous and cosmogenous
E.
biogenous and lithogenous
F.
cosmogenous and lithogenous
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