Ocean 115 - Introduction to Oceanography » Fall 2021 » Midterm 1
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Question #1
The Earth’s surface consists of more land than ocean
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #2
Half of the oxygen in our atmosphere is generated in the ocean
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #3
The oldest oceanic crust is younger than oldest continental crust
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #4
Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis received much praise and was immediately accepted by the scientific community.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #5
How long ago did each of the following events occur in the Earth's history? The Earth was formed (Proto-Earth)
A.
4.5 billion years ago
B.
4 billion years ago
C.
2.5 billion years ago
Question #6
How long ago did each of the following events occur in the Earth's history? Our planet's atmosphere became rich in oxygen
A.
2.5 billion years ago
B.
200,000 years ago
C.
4.5 billion years ago
Question #7
How long ago did each of the following events occur in the Earth's history? The Earth's Oceans were formed
A.
4.5 billion years ago
B.
4 billion years ago
C.
200,000 years ago
Question #8
How long ago did each of the following events occur in the Earth's history? Modern humans appeared on Earth
A.
200,000 years ago
B.
2.5 billion years ago
C.
4 billion years ago
Question #9
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Sediments that formed close to shore
A.
Neritic (coastal)
B.
Pelagic (oceanic)
Question #10
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Sediments that formed further from shore
A.
Pelagic (oceanic)
B.
Neritic (coastal)
Question #11
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Dominantly lithogenous sediments
A.
Neritic (coastal)
B.
Pelagic (oceanic)
Question #12
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Sediments in these areas are typically deposited quickly
A.
Neritic (coastal)
B.
Pelagic (oceanic)
Question #13
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Slowly suspended sediments
A.
Pelagic (oceanic)
B.
Neritic (coastal)
Question #14
Based on the description of the sediment, where would you expect to find them along the ocean floor? Fine grain sediments
A.
Neritic (coastal)
B.
Pelagic (oceanic)
Question #15
Name of the Earth’s supercontinent 200 million years ago
A.
Asthensophere
B.
Pangea
C.
Lithosphere
Question #16
A type of biogenic sediment
A.
Basalth
B.
Calcium carbonate
C.
Granite
Question #17
Mechanism that explains how the molten Proto-Earth separated into layers
A.
Radiometric dating
B.
Density stratification
C.
Outgassing
Question #18
A likely source for the water in our oceans
A.
Outgassing
B.
Density stratification
C.
Innergassing
Question #19
Method used to determine the age of rocks
A.
Density stratification
B.
Outgassing
C.
Radiometric dating
Question #20
Composition of the Earth’s core
A.
Basalth
B.
Iron and Nickel
C.
Granite
Question #21
Continental crust is made of this rock
A.
Granite
B.
Coal
C.
Iron
Question #22
Oceanic crust is made of this rock
A.
Dolomite
B.
Granite
C.
Basalth
Question #23
Represents Earth’s plates that are involved in plate tectonic motion
A.
Ionosphere
B.
Asthensophere
C.
Lithosphere
Question #24
Earth’s plastic layer, which flows when a gradual force is applied to it
A.
Asthensophere
B.
Ionosphere
C.
Lithosphere
Question #25
Which of the following is the largest natural geographic feature on Earth?
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Amazon Rainforest
C.
Antarctica
D.
Sahara Desert
Question #26
Which of the following is the first step of the scientific method?
A.
hypothesis
B.
observation
C.
testing
D.
theory formation
Question #27
Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of:
A.
theories
B.
observations
C.
hypotheses
D.
guesses
Question #28
New crust is being created at _________plate boundaries, while _________ crust is being destroyed at __________ plate boundaries.
A.
divergent; continental; convergent
B.
divergent; oceanic; convergent
C.
convergent; continental; divergent
D.
convergent; oceanic; divergent
Question #29
Evidence shows that periodic reversals of Earth's magnetic field have resulted in:
A.
subduction
B.
sea floor spreading
C.
a symmetrical pattern of normal and reverse magnetization in ocean crustal rocks
D.
mass extinction of life-forms
Question #30
Where do most earthquakes occur?
A.
on the continents
B.
at the bottom of the ocean
C.
in the middle of the plates
D.
at plate boundaries
Question #31
Tectonic plates move about as fast as:
A.
a snail crawls
B.
a human can run
C.
a human can walk
D.
a human's fingernail grows
Question #32
Tectonic plates are pieces of the ___________ that float on the more fluid ________ below.
A.
lithosphere; mesosphere
B.
mantle; crust
C.
lithosphere; asthenosphere
D.
asthenosphere; lithosphere
Question #33
Deep ocean trenches are associated with:
A.
submarine canyons
B.
the mid-ocean ridge
C.
transform faults
D.
subduction zones
Question #34
If you find a line of volcanic peaks a few hundred miles long in which the volcanoes were progressively older toward one end of the line, what probably created them?
A.
a convergent boundary
B.
a hot spot
C.
a divergent boundary
D.
a transform boundary
Question #35
The measurement of ocean depth and the charting of seafloor topography is called:
A.
tomography
B.
navigation
C.
cartography
D.
bathymetry
E.
hydrology
Question #36
Which method of sea floor mapping involves measuring gravitational anomalies at the surface of the ocean?
A.
mapping with satellite
B.
magnetometer
C.
depth sounding
D.
sonar waves
Question #37
The largest features of the ocean which are deep, very flat areas of the ocean floor that are covered with sediments are:
A.
continental slopes
B.
submarine canyons
C.
continental shelfs
D.
abyssal plains
Question #38
Nearly all oceanic islands are:
A.
formed at hot spots
B.
volcanic in origin
C.
parts of volcanic island arcs
D.
parts of continents that broke off
Question #39
Which of the following is/are NOT associated with the mid-ocean ridge?
A.
thick layers of sediment
B.
hydrothermal vents
C.
basalt volcanism
D.
a central rift valley
Question #40
The term referring to the size and shape of sediment particles is:
A.
fabric
B.
texture
C.
sorting
D.
composition
Question #41
High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which of the following?
A.
hydrogenous sediments
B.
cosmogenous sediments
C.
large particles
D.
clay-sized particles
Question #42
Which of the following is NOT an example of lithogenous sediment:
A.
diatom ooze
B.
wind-driven dust
C.
clays
D.
volcanic particles
E.
beach sand
Question #43
What is the calcium carbonate compensation depth, or CCD?
A.
the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will form sediments that last
B.
the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve
C.
the ocean depth below which calcium carbonate is stable and can form sediments that last
D.
the ocean depth above which calcium carbonate is unstable and will quickly dissolve
Question #44
Two common types of chemical compounds found in biogenous sediments are_______ and ________
A.
silica; quartz
B.
basalt; granite
C.
silica; calcium carbonate
D.
calcium carbonate; volcanic ash
Question #45
The number of organisms present in the surface water above the ocean floor is called:
A.
dilution
B.
ecology
C.
destruction
D.
productivity
Question #46
A.
the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent
B.
relatively few marine organisms live in the waters over the continental margins
C.
biogenous material dissolves faster than it accumulates
D.
very little sediment accumulates on continental margins
Question #47
Sediments produced because of chemical reactions in seawater are called:
A.
lithogenous
B.
volcanic
C.
hydrogenous
D.
cosmogenous
Question #48
The ancient remains of which of the following, buried in sediments before they could decompose, are the source of the petroleum we use today?
A.
microscopic organisms
B.
land based plants
C.
dinosaurs
D.
fish and amphibians
Question #49
The two most common types of marine sediments are:
A.
cosmogenous and hydrogenous
B.
lithogenous and hydrogenous
C.
cosmogenous and lithogenous
D.
biogenous and cosmogenous
E.
biogenous and lithogenous
F.
biogenous and hydrogenous
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