Anthropology 1 - Physical Anthropology » Summer 2019 » Exam 3
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Question #1
The English surveyor who developed the technique of stratigraphic correlation between regions was:
A.
William Smith
B.
Charles Lyell
C.
Alfred Wallace
D.
Richard Owen
Question #2
The study of what happens to an organism's remains after death is:
A.
cryptozoology
B.
archaeology
C.
taphonomy
D.
forensic biology
Question #3
Which of the following is NOT an ideal environment for fossilization?
A.
acidic soil (as in a jungle)
B.
sand
C.
Rock
D.
mud
Question #4
A layer of stratigraphy in one location overwhelmingly represents one species, while the same species is discovered in a similar stratigraphic layer fifty miles away. What method is used to provide an estimate of age for this layer and this species?
A.
biostratigraphy
B.
Dendrochronology
C.
Steno's law of superposition
D.
carbon 14
Question #5
A wooden tomb is discovered with a well-preserved mummy inside. What method could be used to date the tomb?
A.
electron spin resonance
B.
dendrochronology
C.
superposition
D.
thermoluminescence
Question #6
Scientists can determine the type of plant consumed based on:
A.
indes fossils
B.
carbon 14
C.
isotopes in general
D.
carbon 13 and carbon 12
Question #7
An index fossil is:
A.
a fossil found in a particular site
B.
a fossil used to categorize a stratigraphic layer
C.
the ideal specimen of that species that all examples must follow
D.
The type specimen of a species
Question #8
Which dating method would be most appropriate for establishing the age of a volcanic ash layer from an early hominid site in eastern Africa?
A.
amino acid dating
B.
electron spin resonance dating
C.
carbon 14 dating
D.
potassium-argon dating
Question #9
Thermoluminescence dating can provide dates when used on which types of materials?
A.
bone, shell and fabric
B.
shell, ceramics, and wood
C.
bone, wood, and stone
D.
sediment, stone and ceramics
Question #10
Electron spin resonance dating can provide dates when used on which type of material?
A.
shells
B.
stone
C.
wood
D.
teeth
Question #11
Fluorine dating is an example of what type of dating method?
A.
chronometric
B.
chemical
C.
nonrelative
D.
genetic
Question #12
Which of the following does not apply to foraminifera in this chapter?
A.
live in the world's oceans
B.
useful for tracking temperature change
C.
analysis indicates the climate associated with the appearance of the early hominins was drier and more seasonal than in previous times
D.
provide for comparisons in two stable forms of oxygen: O12 and O 14
Question #13
The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as:
A.
developed vision, greater sense of smell and tails
B.
grasping hands, tails and intelligence
C.
grasping hands and feet, developed vision and greater intelligence
D.
developed vision, greater sense of smell and grasping hands and feet
Question #14
Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates were:
A.
proconsulids
B.
driopithecids
C.
adapids
D.
plesiadapiforms
Question #15
The Euprimates represent :
A.
the first anthropoids
B.
the first true primates
C.
the first true catarrhini
D.
the first true mammals
Question #16
The Eocene adapids and omomyids are most similar to today's lemurs and tarsiers in what ways?
A.
hind limbs and feet
B.
noses and eyes
C.
hands and feet
D.
eyes and ears
Question #17
The heel bone (calcaneus) of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive:
A.
ape
B.
New World monkey
C.
primate
D.
anthropoid
Question #18
The northern African fossil primate called Biretia may be an early anthropoid, based on the morphology of its:
A.
pelvis
B.
skull
C.
ankle
D.
lower premolar tooth
Question #19
If you are examining the fossil remains fo the genus Dryopithecus, they are most likely from where?
A.
Peru
B.
France
C.
China
D.
India
Question #20
Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage?
A.
gorilla
B.
chimpanzee
C.
gibbon
D.
orangutan
Question #21
During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic Era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?
A.
apes
B.
prosimians
C.
monkeys
D.
humans
Question #22
The most likely common ancestor of all later catarrhines and recovered from North Africa, is:
A.
Oligopithecus
B.
Apidium
C.
Parapithecus
D.
Aegyptopithecus
Question #23
Which two genera may be ancestral to today's orangutans?
A.
Proconsul and Carpolestes
B.
Sivapithecus and Khoratpithecus
C.
Gigantopithecus and Sivapithecus
D.
Khoratpithecus and Gigantopithecus
Question #24
The oldest of the Miocene apes and recovered from the continent of Africa is:
A.
Proconsul
B.
Dryopithecus
C.
Apidium
D.
Aegyptopithecus
Question #25
The foundational behavior of hominini was:
A.
speech
B.
habitual bipedal locomotion
C.
tool use
D.
hunting
Question #26
Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include:
A.
able to climb more efficiently
B.
able to sleep more easily
C.
able to see farther distances and more easily transport food
D.
able to run faster
Question #27
The oldest bipedal ancestors of the lineage leading to humans is currently:
A.
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
B.
Paranthropus
C.
Orrorin tugenensis
D.
Australopithecus afarensis
Question #28
Bipedalism in Sahelanthropus was determined by:
A.
length of the femur
B.
arch in the foot
C.
shape of the pelvis
D.
position of the foramen magnum
Question #29
The oldest hominid yet recovered to date comes from the country of:
A.
Kenya
B.
Egypt
C.
Chad
D.
Ethiopia
Question #30
Distinctive characteristics of robust australopithecines include:
A.
a small brain
B.
small front teeth and large back teeth
C.
a sagittal crest
D.
all of these
Question #31
Which of the following does not apply to Piltdown?
A.
discovery of the Taung child begins to discredit the Piltdown fossils
B.
radiocarbon dating demonstrated the fossils could not have come from the same individual
C.
fossils were given the scientific name of Eoanthropus dawsonii
D.
the fossils were discovered in England
Question #32
Most of the early fossil hominins were recovered from three key countries in Eastern Africa:
A.
Uganda, Ethiopia, Egypt
B.
Sudan, Kenya, Egypt
C.
Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Uganda
D.
Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania
Question #33
Which of the following is incorrect regarding Laetoli?
A.
fossilized footprints
B.
australopithecines
C.
radiopotassium/potassium-argon dating
D.
Kenya
Question #34
In which kind of deposits are the hominids of South Africa frequently discovered?
A.
mud and siltstone deposits
B.
sedimentary sandstone
C.
lava flows/basalt layers
D.
limestone caves
Question #35
Which anatomical characteristic of Orrorin tugenensis was indicative of bipedal locomotion?
A.
the elbow
B.
the shape of the pelvis
C.
the position of the foramen magnum
D.
shape of the femur
Question #36
Which of the following does not pertain to Lucy?
A.
robust australopithecine
B.
Ethiopia
C.
Australopithecus afarensis
D.
fully adult female
Question #37
A preaustralopithecine most likely has which of the following characteristics?
A.
nonhoning chewing, primitive apelike traits, increased brain size
B.
modified honing chewing, primitive apelike traits, increased brain size
C.
nonhoning chewing, loss of apelike traits, small brain size
D.
modified honing chewing, primitive apelike traits and small brain
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