West Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 101 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Fall 2021

Need help with your exam preparation?

Existing Quiz Clients Login here

Question #1

Which of the following is considered anaerobic?

A. Glycolysis

B. Electron transport chain

C. Krebs cycle

D. Transition reaction

Question #2

Which one of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?

A. generation of ATP

B. formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

C. All of these occur in the Krebs cycle

D. production of reduced coenzymes

E. production of carbon dioxide

Question #3

Hydrolysis of ATP is what type of reaction?

A. Endergonic

B. Erythropoetic

C. Exergonic

D. Ergonomic

Question #4

Which describes the conversion of non-carbohydrate molecules through pyruvic acid to glucose?

A. Carbonification

B. Gluconeogenesis

C. Decarboxylation

D. Oxidation

E. Glycogenolysis

Question #5

Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in

A. The Krebs cycle

B. Formation of acetyl-CoA

C. Protein synthesis

D. Glycolysis

E. Electron transport system

Question #6

C6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O+36ATPC6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O+36ATP In the above equation, the oxygen atom in 6H2O6H2O originates from which molecule?

A. Carbon dioxide

B. Oxygen

C. Glucose

D. Magic

Question #7

Substrate phosphorylation occurs in what step of cellular respiration?

A. Protein synthesis

B. Electron transport system

C. Glycolysis

D. Formation of acetyl-CoA

Question #8

Which of the following are electron donators in the electron transport chain?

A. All of these are electron acceptors

B. FADH2

C. NADH and FADH2

D. NADH

E. H+

Question #9

Which one of the following reactions does NOT occur in the Krebs cycle?

A. Reduction of NAD+ and FADH+

B. production of carbon dioxide

C. generation of ATP

D. formation of lactic acid in the absence of oxygen

Question #10

The Electron Transport System is located in the

A. golgi complex

B. endoplasmic reticulum

C. cytoplasm

D. mitochondria

E. nucleolus

Question #11

A cell requires ATP for all of the following processes EXCEPT:

A. cell division

B. protein synthesis

C. active transport

D. contraction

E. osmosis

Question #12

The step in which pyruvate is shuttled into the mitochondria and converted to acetyl CoA is called

A. Electron transport chain

B. Transition reaction

C. Glycolysis

D. Krebs cycle

Question #13

Oxidation is

A. The removal of electrons

B. The addition of protons

C. The addition of electrons

D. The removal of protons

E. None of these choices

Question #14

The reaction: ADP + Pi + energy -> ATP, is called:

A. transcription

B. Phosphorylation

C. Emancipation

D. Deamination

Question #15

Where would you not expect to find stratified squamous epithelial cells?

A. Mouth lining

B. Skin

C. Blood-brain barrier

D. Esophagus

Question #16

The two principal types of cells found in nervous tissues are

A. neuroglial cells and neurons.

B. neurons and mast cells.

C. neuroglial cells and myofibers.

D. neurons and somites.

Question #17

Which of the following describes a single layer of flat epithelial cells?

A. Simple cuboidal

B. Simple squamous

C. Stratified squamous

E. Stratified columnar

F. Transitional

Question #18

The extracellular matrix of blood tissue consists of

A. white blood cells.

B. albumin.

C. red blood cells.

D. lymph.

E. plasma.

Question #19

Which of the following is NOT a connective tissue?

A. Bone

B. Tendons

C. Blood

D. Epidermis

E. Cartilage

Question #20

This type of epithelial tissue is found lining the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

A. Simple cuboidal epithelium

B. Simple squamous epithelium

C. Stratified squamous epithelium

D. Simple columnar epithelium

E. Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question #21

All of the following are the main tissue classifications, except for

A. Muscle

B. Nervous

C. Connective

D. Adipose

E. Epithelial

Question #22

Blood belongs to which of the following tissue classifications?

A. Epithelial

B. Nervous

C. Connective

D. Adipose

E. Muscle

Question #23

Examples of exocrine glands include all of the following except

A. Bile

B. Hormones

C. Sweat

D. Breastmilk

E. Saliva

Question #24

Epithelial tissue

A. is used as a covering of body surfaces.

B. usually has a free surface that interacts with external environment.

C. is used as a lining of body cavities and hollow organs.

D. All of these Answer choices are correct.

E. is used to form glands.

Question #25

Which of the three types of muscle cells would be multi-nucleated?

A. Smooth

B. Cardiac

C. Skeletal

Question #26

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed by the

A. choroid plexus

B. cerebral ganglia

C. limbic system

D. arachnoid membrane

E. dura mater

Question #27

Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of

A. electrical synapses

B. ligand-gated channels

C. mechanically-gated channels

D. chemical synapses

E. voltage-gated channels

Question #28

Which of the following would decrease the speed of action potential propagation?

A. More myelin sheathing

B. Increased diameter of axon

C. Decreased temperature

D. Lower amplitude of action potential

E. Decreased stimulus strength

Question #29

Na+/K+ -ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) is considered to be an electrogenic (produces a change in membrane potential) pump because

A. It exhibits low permeability

B. The sodium ions are negatively charged

C. It contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential

D. All of the above are correct

Question #30

The resting membrane potential in neurons ranges from:

A. +5 to 100 mV

B. –40 to –90 mV

C. None of these choices

D. –90 to 5 mV

E. –25 to –70 mV

Question #31

In the process of spatial summation, ______ are added together and _____ are subtracted from that total to determine whether _____ will be created at the trigger zone of the postsynaptic neuron.

A. IPSPs; action potentials; EPSPs

B. EPSPs; IPSPs; action potentials

C. EPSPs; IPSPs; graded potentials

D. EPSPs; action potentials; IPSPs

E. IPSPs; EPSPs; action potentials

Question #32

Which of the following are ways to remove a transmitter from the synaptic cleft?

A. Enzymatic degradation only

B. Enzymatic degradation, Diffusion and Reuptake at axon terminal

C. Enzymatic degradation and Diffusion

D. Reuptake at axon terminal only

Question #33

A postsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitters released by a presynaptic neuron by creating

A. All the choices are correct

B. IPSPs

C. water-filled channels in its membrane

D. either EPSPs or IPSPs

E. EPSPs

Question #34

The critical voltage at which the membrane potential must be depolarized in order to cause an action potential is called the:

A. Electrical refractory period

B. Threshold potential

C. Receptor potential

D. Resting membrane potential

E. Excitatory postsynaptic potential

Question #35

Saltatory conduction

A. Occurs only in myelinated axons

B. Fires as a result of a subthreshold graded potential

C. Happens due to an even distribution of voltage-gated Na+ channels

D. Can occur in unmyelinated axons

Question #36

When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold,

A. ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly.

B. voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly.

C. ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly.

D. voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.

E. none of these choices occur.

Question #37

During an action potential, the diffusion of _______ causes it to depolarize.

A. K+ out of the cell

B. Na+ out of the cell

C. Na+ into the cell

D. K+ into the cell

Question #38

When the summed total of postsynaptic potentials rises above threshold, creation of action potentials occurs

A. at the trigger zone.

B. in the neuroplasm.

C. in the synaptic cleft.

D. in the neuron nucleus

E. in the dendrites.

Question #39

What best explains the presence of the hyperpolarization phase?

A. K+ channels are open longer than Na+ channels

B. Release of neurotransmitter

C. Closing of voltage-gated Na+ channels

D. Activation of the Na+/K+/ATP pump

E. Firing of a second action potential

Question #40

The resting membrane potential in cells is primarily influenced by the permeability of this ion:

A. Fe2+

B. Na+

C. K¬+

D. Ca2+

E. Cl-

Question #41

Which of the two modes of transmission is the fastest?

A. Chemical synapse

B. Electrical synapse

Question #42

IPSP stands for

A. inhibitory postsynaptic potential

B. inhibitory presynaptic summation potential

C. none of these choices

D. inhibitory postsynaptic summation potential

E. inhibitory presynaptic potential.

Question #43

An excitatory neurotransmitter _________ the postsynaptic membrane.

A. repolarizes

B. does not affect the polarity of

C. depolarizes

D. moves across channels in

E. hyperpolarizes

Question #44

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

A. Integrative function

B. Motor function

C. Sensory function

D. All are functions of the nervous system

Question #45

Which part of the neuron conducts the electrical signal away from the cell body region?

A. nodes of Ranvier

B. dendrite

C. schwann cells

D. choroid plexus

E. axon

Question #46

Which of the types of junctions is responsible for the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier?

A. Tight junctions

B. Anchoring junctions

C. Gap junctions

D. Desmosomes

Question #47

A. All of these choices

B. Relative refractory period

C. Latent period

D. Absolute refractory period

Question #48

In an action potential, the current that flows down the axon of a neuron is generated by the movement of ______ across the membrane.

A. ions

B. neutrons

C. free radicals

D. protons

E. electrons

Question #49

Which part of the neuron conducts the electrical signal away from the cell body region?

A. Schwann cells

B. choroid plexus

C. dendrite

D. axon

E. nodes of Ranvier

Question #50

Which of the following is also known as adrenaline?

A. Serotonin

B. Dopamine

C. Norepinephrine

D. Epinephrine

Question #51

A polarized cell

A. includes most cells of the body and exhibits a membrane potential.

B. has a charge imbalance across its membrane.

C. exhibits a membrane potential.

D. All of these choices are correct.

E. includes most cells of the body.

Question #52

In temporal summation, a single presynaptic neuron stimulates the creation of action potentials in a postsynaptic neuron when it

A. fires at a fast enough rate that the sum of EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron moves above threshold.

B. stops firing long enough to allow the postsynaptic neuron to recover.

C. recruits other presynaptic neurons to begin to fire.

D. runs out of neurotransmitter.

E. fires at a steady rate that allows the postsynaptic neuron to return to resting potential.

Question #53

Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to

A. continue a temporal summation

B. remove a neurotransmitter

C. excite a presynaptic potential

D. stop a spatial summation

E. inhibit a presynaptic potential

Question #54

Which projection of the neuron receives signals?

A. Axon

B. Cell body

C. Axon Terminal

D. Dendrites

Question #55

Which phenomenon explains increased excitability as an adaptation when post-synaptic neurons that are stimulated at high frequency?

A. Long Term Potentiation

B. Summation

C. IPSPs

D. Substrate Phosphorylation

Question #56

Which of these structures involves the decussation of the pyramids?

A. Cerebellum

B. Cerebrum

C. Corpus Callosum

D. Medulla Oblongata

E. Pons

Question #57

This branch of a spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk.

A. Rami communicantes

B. Posterior ramus

C. Anterior ramus

D. Brachial plexus

E. Meningeal branch

Question #58

Which of the following structures conducts nerve impulses between the two different hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A. Association tracts

B. Pyramids

C. Projection tracts

D. Sulci

E. Corpus callosum

Question #59

Which of the following tracts are associated with axon pathways within the same hemisphere, but different gyri?

A. Association tracts

B. Projection tracts

C. Commissural tracts

D. None of the above

E. All of the above

Question #60

Which of the following types of tracts are used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere?

A. Commissural tracts

B. Stria medullaris

C. Association tracts

D. Mammillothalamic tracts

E. Projection tracts

Question #61

Which structure of the embryonic brain develops into the mature cerebrum?

A. Telencephalon

B. Rhombencephelon

C. Myelencephalon

D. Mesencephalon

E. Diencephalon

Question #62

Which of these locations marks the endpoint for cerebrospinal fluid before diffusing into venous blood?

A. subarachnoid space

B. arachnoid granulations

C. lateral ventricles

D. 3rd ventricle

E. choroid plexus

Question #63

Cerebro-spinal Fluid (CSF) is formed by the:

A. dura mater

B. arachnoid membrane

C. choroid plexus

D. limbic system

E. cerebral ganglia

Question #64

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

A. P waves.

B. alpha waves.

C. theta waves.

D. delta waves.

E. beta waves.

Question #65

The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that carry information from the periphery to the spinal cord are located in the

A. lateral gray horn.

B. central canal.

C. dorsal root ganglion.

D. posterior gray horn.

E. anterior white commissure.

Question #66

The cerebellum contains these types of neurons, which are characterized by their elaborate dendritic structure.

A. Uniaxial

B. Unipolar

C. Purkinje

D. Astrocytes

Question #67

These are networks of capillaries found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid.

A. Lateral apertures

B. Choroid plexuses

C. Interventricular foramina

D. Brachial plexuses

E. Aqueduct of the midbrain

Question #68

These three areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements.

A. autonomic ganglia

B. basal nuclei

C. vestibular nuclei

D. lateral olivary nuclei

E. red nuclei

Question #69

This protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue.

A. All of these choices

B. Dura mater

C. Arachnoid mater

D. Blood brain barrier

E. Cerebrospinal fluid

Question #70

What type of information is carried in the descending tracts of the spinal cord? 1. Sensory 2. Motor 3. Integration

A. 2 only

B. Both 1 & 2

C. 1 only

D. 3 only

E. Both 2 & 3

Question #71

Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

A. beta waves.

B. P waves.

C. alpha waves.

D. delta waves.

E. theta waves.

Question #72

Which of the following scans provides imaging of the brain by highlighting areas of the brain with the highest fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, which corresponds to areas of highest metabolic activity?

A. Ultrasound

B. PET

C. X-ray

D. CT

Question #73

Which tract carries sensory information?

A. reticulospinal

B. pyramidal

C. corticospinal

D. spinocerebellar

Need help with your exam preparation?

Existing Quiz Clients Login here

Physiology 101 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Fall 2021 » Exam 1

Need help with your exam preparation?

Need help with your exam preparation?