CJS 340 - Ethics in Criminal Justice » Summer 2019 » Exam 3 - Chapters 12 - 17
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Question #1
The English surveyor who developed the technique of stratigraphic correlation between regions was:
A.
Alfred Wallace
B.
William Smith
C.
Charles Lyell
D.
Richard Owen
Question #2
The study of what happens to an organism's remains after death is:
A.
taphonomy
B.
archaeology
C.
cryptozoology
D.
forensic biology
Question #3
Which of the following is NOT an ideal environment for fossilization?
A.
sand
B.
acidic soil (as in a jungle)
C.
mud
D.
Rock
Question #4
A layer of stratigraphy in one location overwhelmingly represents one species, while the same species is discovered in a similar stratigraphic layer fifty miles away. What method is used to provide an estimate of age for this layer and this species?
A.
Steno's law of superposition
B.
biostratigraphy
C.
carbon 14
D.
Dendrochronology
Question #5
A wooden tomb is discovered with a well-preserved mummy inside. What method could be used to date the tomb?
A.
dendrochronology
B.
thermoluminescence
C.
electron spin resonance
D.
superposition
Question #6
Scientists can determine the type of plant consumed based on:
A.
carbon 14
B.
carbon 13 and carbon 12
C.
isotopes in general
D.
indes fossils
Question #7
An index fossil is:
A.
a fossil found in a particular site
B.
a fossil used to categorize a stratigraphic layer
C.
the ideal specimen of that species that all examples must follow
D.
The type specimen of a species
Question #8
Which dating method would be most appropriate for establishing the age of a volcanic ash layer from an early hominid site in eastern Africa?
A.
carbon 14 dating
B.
electron spin resonance dating
C.
potassium-argon dating
D.
amino acid dating
Question #9
Thermoluminescence dating can provide dates when used on which types of materials?
A.
bone, wood, and stone
B.
sediment, stone and ceramics
C.
shell, ceramics, and wood
D.
bone, shell and fabric
Question #10
Electron spin resonance dating can provide dates when used on which type of material?
A.
shells
B.
teeth
C.
stone
D.
wood
Question #11
Fluorine dating is an example of what type of dating method?
A.
nonrelative
B.
chemical
C.
genetic
D.
chronometric
Question #12
Which of the following does not apply to foraminifera in this chapter?
A.
analysis indicates the climate associated with the appearance of the early hominins was drier and more seasonal than in previous times
B.
live in the world's oceans
C.
provide for comparisons in two stable forms of oxygen: O12 and O 14
D.
useful for tracking temperature change
Question #13
The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as:
A.
developed vision, greater sense of smell and grasping hands and feet
B.
grasping hands and feet, developed vision and greater intelligence
C.
developed vision, greater sense of smell and tails
D.
grasping hands, tails and intelligence
Question #14
Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates were:
A.
driopithecids
B.
adapids
C.
proconsulids
D.
plesiadapiforms
Question #15
The Euprimates represent :
A.
the first true catarrhini
B.
the first true primates
C.
the first true mammals
D.
the first anthropoids
Question #16
The Eocene adapids and omomyids are most similar to today's lemurs and tarsiers in what ways?
A.
eyes and ears
B.
hind limbs and feet
C.
hands and feet
D.
noses and eyes
Question #17
The heel bone (calcaneus) of Eosimias suggests that it may be a very primitive:
A.
anthropoid
B.
New World monkey
C.
ape
D.
primate
Question #18
The northern African fossil primate called Biretia may be an early anthropoid, based on the morphology of its:
A.
pelvis
B.
lower premolar tooth
C.
skull
D.
ankle
Question #19
If you are examining the fossil remains fo the genus Dryopithecus, they are most likely from where?
A.
Peru
B.
China
C.
India
D.
France
Question #20
Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage?
A.
gibbon
B.
chimpanzee
C.
gorilla
D.
orangutan
Question #21
During the Miocene epoch of the Cenozoic Era, there was an adaptive radiation of which kind of primate?
A.
prosimians
B.
humans
C.
monkeys
D.
apes
Question #22
The most likely common ancestor of all later catarrhines and recovered from North Africa, is:
A.
Parapithecus
B.
Aegyptopithecus
C.
Apidium
D.
Oligopithecus
Question #23
Which two genera may be ancestral to today's orangutans?
A.
Sivapithecus and Khoratpithecus
B.
Khoratpithecus and Gigantopithecus
C.
Gigantopithecus and Sivapithecus
D.
Proconsul and Carpolestes
Question #24
The oldest of the Miocene apes and recovered from the continent of Africa is:
A.
Dryopithecus
B.
Apidium
C.
Proconsul
D.
Aegyptopithecus
Question #25
The foundational behavior of hominini was:
A.
speech
B.
tool use
C.
habitual bipedal locomotion
D.
hunting
Question #26
Bipedalism's advantages over quadrupedalism include:
A.
able to see farther distances and more easily transport food
B.
able to sleep more easily
C.
able to run faster
D.
able to climb more efficiently
Question #27
The oldest bipedal ancestors of the lineage leading to humans is currently:
A.
Australopithecus afarensis
B.
Orrorin tugenensis
C.
Paranthropus
D.
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Question #28
Bipedalism in Sahelanthropus was determined by:
A.
length of the femur
B.
shape of the pelvis
C.
arch in the foot
D.
position of the foramen magnum
Question #29
The oldest hominid yet recovered to date comes from the country of:
A.
Chad
B.
Egypt
C.
Kenya
D.
Ethiopia
Question #30
Distinctive characteristics of robust australopithecines include:
A.
small front teeth and large back teeth
B.
a sagittal crest
C.
a small brain
D.
all of these
Question #31
Which of the following does not apply to Piltdown?
A.
fossils were given the scientific name of Eoanthropus dawsonii
B.
radiocarbon dating demonstrated the fossils could not have come from the same individual
C.
the fossils were discovered in England
D.
discovery of the Taung child begins to discredit the Piltdown fossils
Question #32
Most of the early fossil hominins were recovered from three key countries in Eastern Africa:
A.
Sudan, Kenya, Egypt
B.
Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Uganda
C.
Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania
D.
Uganda, Ethiopia, Egypt
Question #33
Which of the following is incorrect regarding Laetoli?
A.
Kenya
B.
radiopotassium/potassium-argon dating
C.
australopithecines
D.
fossilized footprints
Question #34
In which kind of deposits are the hominids of South Africa frequently discovered?
A.
lava flows/basalt layers
B.
sedimentary sandstone
C.
limestone caves
D.
mud and siltstone deposits
Question #35
Which anatomical characteristic of Orrorin tugenensis was indicative of bipedal locomotion?
A.
the shape of the pelvis
B.
the elbow
C.
the position of the foramen magnum
D.
shape of the femur
Question #36
Which of the following does not pertain to Lucy?
A.
Australopithecus afarensis
B.
robust australopithecine
C.
fully adult female
D.
Ethiopia
Question #37
A preaustralopithecine most likely has which of the following characteristics?
A.
modified honing chewing, primitive apelike traits, increased brain size
B.
modified honing chewing, primitive apelike traits and small brain
C.
nonhoning chewing, primitive apelike traits, increased brain size
D.
nonhoning chewing, loss of apelike traits, small brain size
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