Political Science 1 - Government of the United States and California » 2019 » Midterm
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Question #1
The Constitution requires that the government conduct and "actual enumeration" of the population every ten years, known as
A.
malapportionment
B.
public opinion polls
C.
the literary digest
D.
the census
Question #2
In the United States the principle for our structure of limited government is found
A.
in the Magna Carta
B.
in the Articles of Confederation
C.
in the Constitution
D.
in the Declaration of Independence
Question #3
The basic premise of Federalism is that
A.
supreme political authority remains with the states
B.
supreme political authority remains with the national government
C.
two or more levels governments share power and authority over the same people and territory
D.
supreme executive power derives from a mandate by the masses
Question #4
The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution
A.
mandated that all persons "will be treated as total equals from this date forward"
B.
had little impact on state governments and slavery
C.
prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude
D.
forced states to alter their constitutions to end slavery by making the children of slaves free while allowing slavery for existing slaves
Question #5
What technique is the key to the accuracy of public opinion polls?
A.
font selection
B.
in person interviews
C.
indexing
D.
random sampling
Question #6
The "establishment clause" in the First Amendment
A.
means that states can appropriate more than 15% of its total budget for religious education and religious purposes
B.
means that a state's citizens can adopt an official state prayer
C.
means that only the Supreme Court can create an official religion
D.
means that neither the federal government nor the state governments can set up an official church
Question #7
The principle of "judicial review" refers to
A.
the process of confirmation of federal judges by Congress
B.
the ability of the Courts to declare laws unconstitutional
C.
the power of Congress to remove the President from office
D.
a method by which the President can check the judiciary
Question #8
The process through which individuals acquire their political orientations and views on government is known as
A.
political socialization
B.
presumptive organization
C.
public opinion knowledge
D.
gradual acquiescence
Question #9
The Supremacy Doctrine based on Article VI of the Constitution asserts the superiority of
A.
national law over state law
B.
the large states over small states
C.
non-slave states over slave states
D.
women over men
Question #10
A limited government is based on the principle of
A.
a predetermined period of time for state governments to vote for or against a new amendment to the constitution
B.
non-expansion, with the current geographic size of the government as large or small as it can be
C.
a limitation on the power of the government
D.
allowing only a set of number of new immigrants into the country
Question #11
People who feel that they were unfairly denied their right to admission, employment or promotion because of an affirmative action program placed someone of another race, or sex ahead of them, claim
A.
unfair competition
B.
restraints of trade
C.
reverse discrimination
D.
unequal access
Question #12
The Civil Rights Movement led by Martin Luther King was based on the philosophy of
A.
divide and conquer
B.
nonviolent civil disobedience
C.
equality for all, through strong force when necessary
D.
equality of practice that did not have to exclude racial segregation
Question #13
To ensure that majority rule does not become oppressive, modern democracies
A.
limit political participation to individuals who are properly educated
B.
require two-thirds support of legislation before it can become an enforceable law
C.
guarantee and actively protect the rights of minorities
D.
all of the above
Question #14
The clause in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution that grants Congress the power to do whatever they consider appropriate to execute its delegated/enumerated powers is called
A.
the appropriations clause
B.
the supremacy clause
C.
the commerce clause
D.
the necessary and proper clause
Question #15
The 14th Amendment
A.
applied the national Bill of Rights as a limitation on the states
B.
established the Supremacy Doctrine
C.
codified the right to privacy
D.
protect and individual's freedom or religious expression
Question #16
When we speak of Civil Liberties in the US, we are mostly referring to the
A.
specific limitations on the government outlined in the Bill of Rights
B.
rights of ethnic minorities to go to court and fight injustice
C.
rights of criminals found in Article I of the Constitution
D.
basic rights set forth by God that no government can deny
Question #17
The longevity of the American Constitution can be attributed to
A.
the ease with which it can be amended
B.
its acknowledgement of Christian principles
C.
its flexibility
D.
none of the above
Question #18
The Tenth Amendment declares that the powers not delegated to the national government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states, are
A.
the sole authority of the executive branch
B.
reserved to the central government
C.
reserved to the states respectively or to the people
D.
the sole authority of Congress
Question #19
The case of Gideon v. Wainwright affirmed that states must
A.
provide you with legal counsel in all criminal felony cases
B.
inform you of your constitutional rights before placing you under arrest
C.
allow you to confront your accuser
D.
allow you to be tried by a jury of your peers
Question #20
The right to privacy as it pertains to abortion applies to all the following cases except
A.
Griswold v. Connecticut
B.
Roe v. Wade
C.
U.S. v. Lopez
D.
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
Question #21
Each branch of the government has a way to exercise some control over the other branches according to the principle of
A.
federalism
B.
checks and balances
C.
enumeration
D.
implied powers
Question #22
Recent Supreme Court decisions on abortion, though still upholding the basic right, have granted more regulatory discretion to
A.
the executive branch
B.
the bureaucracy
C.
Congress
D.
the states
Question #23
The term "enumerated powers" mean
A.
the powers expressly delegated to the government
B.
the powers reserved for local government
C.
powers denied to the state and the national government by the Constitution
D.
the powers found in Article IV of the Constitution
Question #24
According to the Supreme Court in the case Adarand Construction v. Pena, if any federal, state, or local government wants to implement affirmative action policies, such policies will be subjected to "strict scrutiny" which means that there must be a compelling interest shown and they must be narrowly tailored.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #25
The exclusionary rule holds that
A.
a court can order or constraint an action by an individual
B.
evidence obtained from an illegal search and seizure can not be used in a trial
C.
"fighting words" can be excluded from constitutional protections
D.
people that are biased against a defendant may be excluded from serving on a jury
Question #26
Incorporation theory
A.
established the precedent for eminent domain
B.
states that the 14th Amendment protects the Bill of Rights against state government abuses
C.
states that the Federal government has the power to impose unfunded mandates
D.
bans the establishment of an official language in the United States
Question #27
Reserved Powers of state governments include the power to
A.
tax branches of the federal government
B.
prevent their citizens from traveling to other states
C.
conduct foreign policy in matters of trade
D.
regulate commerce within its borders
Question #28
In 1992, the Supreme Court announced a decision concerning abortions in the case Planned Parenthood v. Casey. The Court's ruling declared all of the following provisions unconstitutional EXCEPT
A.
all women seeking abortions to receiving counseling prior to the abortion
B.
a 24 hour waiting period
C.
judicial or parental permission for females under 18 seeking an abortion
D.
spousal notification with written consent, as it placed an "undue burden" on the woman
Question #29
The question(s) before the Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland
A.
both a and b
B.
was wether a state could tax a national bank
C.
was whether Congress could incur a debt on behalf of the state
D.
was whether the national government could create a bank
Question #30
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
A.
forbade discrimination on the basis of race
B.
was relatively symbolic
C.
easily passed the senate
D.
was rarely enforced
Question #31
One of the arguments against Federalism is
A.
that state and local interests can block progress and impede national plans
B.
the creation of a strong party system
C.
the rigidness of the national government in accepting change
D.
all of the above
Question #32
In a unitary system, the flow of power is
A.
from the bottom to the top
B.
directly to the people bypassing the government
C.
from the central government to the state or local governments
D.
from the local and state governments to the central government
Question #33
In the case McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court
A.
ruled that McCulloch had violated a state law and must pay the tax with interest
B.
ruled that Maryland could only taxt the value of the money at a rate that could not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of the Bank of the United States
C.
determined that the issue was not a federal question and should be decided by state courts
D.
established the doctrine of implied powers
Question #34
Civil Rights
A.
are limitations placed on state governments to protect citizens
B.
are limitations placed on the national government to protect citizens
C.
refers to the rights of all Americans to the equal treatment under the law
D.
refers to the first ten amendments to the constitution
Question #35
"implied powers" come from
A.
the elastic clause
B.
state constitutions
C.
the precedent established in the Articles of Confederation
D.
Article II, section 2 of the Constitution
Question #36
The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution
A.
allowed women the right to vote
B.
forced states to abolish poll tax requirements
C.
forced states to allow residents the right to vote
D.
allowed black males the opportunity to vote
Question #37
States may not
A.
license marriages
B.
regulate the sale of liquor
C.
make treaties with other nations
D.
license occupations
Question #38
Barriers that prevented African Americans from voting included
A.
the white primary
B.
the poll tax
C.
the grandfather clause
D.
all of the above
Question #39
The heart of the controversy that led to the Civil War was the issue of
A.
national supremacy versus the rights of the separate states
B.
whether or not there should be anymore new states
C.
voting rights for ethnic minorities
D.
extradition
Question #40
The Bill of Rights as ratified in 1791, provided for
A.
the protection of individual liberties from the states
B.
the protection of individual liberties from the national government
C.
equal protection for Native Americans
D.
equal rights for white women
Question #41
A person alleging that the local police force unlawfully and illegally seized personal property in their garage against their will is alleging a violation of search and seizure found in what amendment?
A.
the sixth
B.
the first
C.
the fourth
D.
the ninth
Question #42
In the case Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court held that
A.
ethnic minorities have no rights to equal treatment by the government
B.
the national government does not have the power to force any type of action on local school boards
C.
public school segregation violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
D.
separation of the races for a reason like education is not a violation of the Constitution
Question #43
Which of the following statements best describes the principle of separation of powers
A.
each nation has the power to exercise political control within its borders
B.
power sharply divided between the states and the national government
C.
law making, law enforcing, and law interpreting powers are shared by separate and independent institutions
D.
Both Democrats and Republicans alternating in political power
Question #44
Of the following, which is a form of political participation
A.
calling your representative to express your opinions about upcoming legislation
B.
donating money to a charity for the homeless
C.
compiling a statistical analysis on the demographic factors of students enrolled at a local community college
D.
working as a caseworker for a social service agency
Question #45
In Plessy V. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that
A.
separation of the races is not a violation of the Constitution, thereby establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine
B.
African Americans are not persons for purposes of the Constitution
C.
schools may not practice any type of racial segregation
D.
the national government has the power to to force all people to treat each other as equals
Question #46
As a result of the Bakke v. UC Regents case in 1978, which dealt with affirmative action policies
A.
quotas were determined to be constitutional
B.
race can be considered but can't be the sole/determinate factor in admission decisions
C.
both a and b
D.
quotas were declared unconstitutional
Question #47
In a representative democracy also known as indirect democracy
A.
the people elect representatives who make laws
B.
only a handful of wealthy individuals are allowed to vote
C.
only a handful of American born males are permitted to hold public office
D.
all citizens personally participate in the policymaking process
Question #48
Advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals is called
A.
liberalism
B.
conservatism
C.
republicanism
D.
libertarianism
Question #49
The concept of checks and balances allows the
A.
Congress to select justices of the Supreme Court
B.
president to unilaterally pass laws during a time of crisis
C.
president to veto congressional acts
D.
president to veto judicial decisions
Question #50
One of the major provisions of the Voting Rights Act 1965 was
A.
to allow members of all races the opportunity to vote starting in 1972
B.
the elimination of discriminatory voter registration tests
C.
aimed at ending the preponderance of male candidates holding public office
Question #51
The incorporation doctrine is based on which Amendment to the US Constitution
A.
Fourteenth
B.
Fifth
C.
Fourth
D.
First
Question #52
The level of confidence in the findings of a public opinion poll is called
A.
happenstance result
B.
unhappy public
C.
sampling error
D.
statistical anomaly
Question #53
Shay's Rebellion posed a threat to the economic elite at the time
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #54
Which of the following statements about the 1936 Literary Digest Magazine poll that predicted Roosevelt's defeat is true?
A.
The poll excluded owners of automobiles
B.
The poll oversampled those with higher income
C.
The poll oversampled groups heavily Democratic in orientation
D.
The poll undersampled middle-class voters who owned telephones
Question #55
Which of the following is an example of a public policy enacted through court decisions
A.
cutting taxes
B.
raising the drinking age
C.
eliminating after school programs to save money
D.
declaring school segregation unconstitutional
Question #56
The mixing of cultures, ideas, and people that has changed the American nation is known as
A.
the American stew
B.
potluck culture
C.
the mixing kettle
D.
the melting pot
Question #57
Which of the following viewpoints is more likely to be held by a political liberal than a political conservative?
A.
Government should regulate the economy in the public interest
B.
Prayer belongs in school
C.
The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law
D.
Taxes and spending should be kept low
Question #58
Which rule states that the evidence collected using unconstitutional procedures can not be introduced at a trial?
A.
the inclusionary rule
B.
the unconstitutional actions rule
C.
the golden rule
D.
the exclusionary rule
Question #59
Which of the following about political participation is true?
A.
citizens of lower socioeconomic status participate more
B.
more educated citizens participate more than less educated citizens
C.
younger citizens participate more than older citizens
D.
minorities participate more than whites
Question #60
Opponents of the Constitution demanded inclusion of the Bill of Rights because they feared abuse of power by state legislatures.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #61
A form of government in which people select representatives to govern and make laws is known as a
A.
union
B.
confederation
C.
republic
D.
federation
Question #62
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 extended the authority of the state government as a way to try to implement notions of equality.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #63
In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decided that the right of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman's right to terminate her pregnancy, though subject to certain state regulations in which a trimester framework was established.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #64
Today, most scientific polling is conducted using
A.
list of registered voters
B.
random digital dialing telephone interviews
C.
email
D.
questionnaires sent through the mail
Question #65
The consistent pattern of women having more liberal attitudes that men is known as
A.
the phantom leap
B.
gender gap
C.
sexual profiling
D.
comparable attitudes
Question #66
According to pluralist theory, the political actors who have the most influence over public policies are
A.
lawmakers
B.
elites
C.
students
D.
interest groups
Question #67
As a percentage of the total population in the US, which demographic groups is predicted to show the biggest decline in the next 50 years?
A.
Whites
B.
African Americans
C.
Asian Americans
D.
Hispanics
Question #68
Which of the following is not a form of political participation?
A.
voting in Congressional elections
B.
filing a lawsuit opposing the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools
C.
watching CNN's coverage of the Republican National Convention
D.
demonstrating against President Trump's immigration policies
Question #69
Which of the following powers is granted by the Constitution to both the national and state governments?
A.
to ratify amendments to the constitution
B.
to tax
C.
to declare war
D.
to regulate commerce between states
Question #70
Which of the following was the most powerful under the Articles of Confederation?
A.
the President
B.
the states
C.
the Congress
D.
the national government
Question #71
Which of the following protections are contained in the Bill of Rights?
A.
protection of African Americans
B.
protection of criminal defendant's rights
C.
protection of agricultural subsidies
D.
protection of social welfare policies
Question #72
Which Amendment to the US Constitution protects state governments from being sued by private parties?
A.
Seventh
B.
Twenty Eight
C.
Twenty First
D.
Eleventh
Question #73
The Constitutional provisions found in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution, giving Congress the means to execute its powers are examples of denied powers.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #74
When all the power resides in the central government, the political system is a confederation
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #75
A couple who gets married in Nebraska and honeymoons in Honolulu is also considered married in Hawaii because of which clause in the Constitution?
A.
Privileges and Immunities Clause
B.
Full Faith and Credit Clause
C.
Principles of extradition
D.
Equal Protection Clause
Question #76
Liberals tend to support
A.
affirmative action
B.
maintaining peace through strength
C.
prayers in school
D.
voting
Question #77
The rights to peaceably assemble and petition the government are guaranteed in the
A.
First Amendment
B.
Sixth Amendment
C.
First Amendment
D.
Third Amendment
Question #78
Which of the following demographic groups is the most ideologically conservative.
A.
Women
B.
Born again Christians
C.
Jews
D.
African Americans
Question #79
The provision of the 14th Amendment that prohibits any state from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws is known as the
A.
due process clause
B.
free exercise clause
C.
restoration of rights clause
D.
none of the above
Question #80
Which of the following is not true about public opinion polling?
A.
accurate representation of the population is the most important feature of a public opinion survey
B.
random samples must include millions of people to accurately reflect public opinion
C.
sample sizes have been getting smaller not larger
D.
use of telephone books and motor vehicle records will bias a sample toward higher income groups
Question #81
The power of Judicial Review is found in Article III of the Constitution
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #82
If the poor participated at higher levels in the political process, what might happen?
A.
government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda
B.
government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda
C.
government run services would likely be privatized
D.
government workers would likely unionize
Question #83
Which of the following generally increases with age?
A.
political participation and suspicion of out-groups
B.
candidate loyalty and authoritarianism
C.
liberalism and political tolerance
D.
political participation and strength of party attachment
Question #84
The most common type of participation among Americans is
A.
giving money to candidates
B.
writing letters to government officials
C.
voting
D.
volunteering at a campaign
Question #85
Supporters of public opinion polling would argue that
A.
polling allows policymakers to keep in touch with changing opinion on the issues
B.
polls can be worded so that politicians get whatever responses they want
C.
polling allows leaders to avoid compromise
D.
polling discourages bold leadership
Question #86
Which of the following is most likely to describe the partisanship of a daughter with two Democratic parents?
A.
she's a republican
B.
she's a democrat
C.
she's a libertarian
D.
she's an independent
Question #87
Which of the following best describes the beliefs about democracy held by the writers of the Constitution?
A.
they were skeptical that ordinary Americans could make informed decisions
B.
they had complete confidence in ordinary Americans to make sound decisions
C.
they believed that democracy was only a temporary form of government
D.
they believed that the working class would make better decisions than the elite class
Question #88
Which of the following is the primary source of political socialization for young children?
A.
the democratic and republican parties
B.
neighbors
C.
peer groups
D.
schools
Question #89
In the 1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford decision, the Supreme Court held that
A.
the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
B.
slavery was immoral but necessary
C.
only Congress could ban slavery
D.
black men were citizens but women were not
Question #90
What displaces parents as a chief source of information as children grow older?
A.
radio
B.
magazines
C.
newspapers
D.
television
Question #91
In the American system, which public policy domain is primarily the responsibility of state governments?
A.
social issues
B.
tariff issues
C.
national defense issues
D.
interstate commerce issues
Question #92
What most closely exemplifies equality in voting?
A.
universal citizenship
B.
inclusion
C.
freedom to vote
D.
one person, one vote
Question #93
Why is the American Revolution often characterized as being conservative?
A.
because it was spearheaded by Pat Buchanan
B.
it only involved wealthy, property owning elites
C.
Americans were in need of a complete social transformation
D.
Americans did not feel the need for great, social, economic, or political upheaval
Question #94
If a police officer has a reasonable belief that someone is engaged in criminal activity, that officer can stop and frisk the suspect
A.
without getting a warrant
B.
only if there are witnesses
C.
only if that person gives consent
D.
only if the officer plans to arrest that person
Question #95
Why is the question wording used in public opinion polls so important?
A.
different question wording can result in big difference responses
B.
the public dislikes short questions and is unlikely to answer them
C.
polllsters charge by the word, making longer questions more costly
D.
words like "prefer", "favorable", and "approve" carry negative connotations that make Americans less satisfied with government
Question #96
Which of the following best describes America's knowledge of politics?
A.
almost all Americans know who represents them in the House and the Senate
B.
more Americans knew about George Bush's tax policies than knew what his leasts favorite vegetable was.
C.
most Americans know who the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is
D.
most Americans know very little about politics
Question #97
Our Miranda rights come from procedural rules established to protect people subject to police interrogations, and to protect against self-incrimination.
A.
TRUE
B.
FALSE
Question #98
Amendment V of the Constitution deals with the Amendment process, both proposal and ratification.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #99
What are the two broad classifications on political participation?
A.
conventional and unconventional
B.
casual and formal
C.
elitist and pluralist
D.
productive and unproductive
Question #100
Some Political Scientists have argued that Americans are ideologically conservatives but operation liberals. What does this mean?
A.
Americans oppose the idea of big government, but favor big government in practice
B.
Americans prefer conservative congressional candidates but vote for liberal presidential candidates
C.
Americans complain about tv shows like Jerry Springer, but continue to watch them anyway
D.
Americans prefer spending time with their families than learning about politics
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