Political Science 1 - Government of the United States and California » 2019 » Midterm

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Question #1
The Constitution requires that the government conduct and "actual enumeration" of the population every ten years, known as
A.   public opinion polls
B.   malapportionment
C.   the census
D.   the literary digest
Question #2
In the United States the principle for our structure of limited government is found
A.   in the Magna Carta
B.   in the Constitution
C.   in the Articles of Confederation
D.   in the Declaration of Independence
Question #3
The basic premise of Federalism is that
A.   supreme political authority remains with the national government
B.   supreme political authority remains with the states
C.   two or more levels governments share power and authority over the same people and territory
D.   supreme executive power derives from a mandate by the masses
Question #4
The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution
A.   had little impact on state governments and slavery
B.   prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude
C.   forced states to alter their constitutions to end slavery by making the children of slaves free while allowing slavery for existing slaves
D.   mandated that all persons "will be treated as total equals from this date forward"
Question #5
What technique is the key to the accuracy of public opinion polls?
A.   indexing
B.   random sampling
C.   in person interviews
D.   font selection
Question #6
The "establishment clause" in the First Amendment
A.   means that a state's citizens can adopt an official state prayer
B.   means that states can appropriate more than 15% of its total budget for religious education and religious purposes
C.   means that only the Supreme Court can create an official religion
D.   means that neither the federal government nor the state governments can set up an official church
Question #7
The principle of "judicial review" refers to
A.   a method by which the President can check the judiciary
B.   the ability of the Courts to declare laws unconstitutional
C.   the power of Congress to remove the President from office
D.   the process of confirmation of federal judges by Congress
Question #8
The process through which individuals acquire their political orientations and views on government is known as
A.   public opinion knowledge
B.   political socialization
C.   gradual acquiescence
D.   presumptive organization
Question #9
The Supremacy Doctrine based on Article VI of the Constitution asserts the superiority of
A.   non-slave states over slave states
B.   women over men
C.   the large states over small states
D.   national law over state law
Question #10
A limited government is based on the principle of
A.   a limitation on the power of the government
B.   non-expansion, with the current geographic size of the government as large or small as it can be
C.   allowing only a set of number of new immigrants into the country
D.   a predetermined period of time for state governments to vote for or against a new amendment to the constitution
Question #11
People who feel that they were unfairly denied their right to admission, employment or promotion because of an affirmative action program placed someone of another race, or sex ahead of them, claim
A.   restraints of trade
B.   unequal access
C.   unfair competition
D.   reverse discrimination
Question #12
The Civil Rights Movement led by Martin Luther King was based on the philosophy of
A.   divide and conquer
B.   equality of practice that did not have to exclude racial segregation
C.   nonviolent civil disobedience
D.   equality for all, through strong force when necessary
Question #13
To ensure that majority rule does not become oppressive, modern democracies
A.   require two-thirds support of legislation before it can become an enforceable law
B.   limit political participation to individuals who are properly educated
C.   guarantee and actively protect the rights of minorities
D.   all of the above
Question #14
The clause in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution that grants Congress the power to do whatever they consider appropriate to execute its delegated/enumerated powers is called
A.   the commerce clause
B.   the appropriations clause
C.   the necessary and proper clause
D.   the supremacy clause
Question #15
The 14th Amendment
A.   codified the right to privacy
B.   applied the national Bill of Rights as a limitation on the states
C.   protect and individual's freedom or religious expression
D.   established the Supremacy Doctrine
Question #16
When we speak of Civil Liberties in the US, we are mostly referring to the
A.   rights of ethnic minorities to go to court and fight injustice
B.   specific limitations on the government outlined in the Bill of Rights
C.   basic rights set forth by God that no government can deny
D.   rights of criminals found in Article I of the Constitution
Question #17
The longevity of the American Constitution can be attributed to
A.   its flexibility
B.   its acknowledgement of Christian principles
C.   the ease with which it can be amended
D.   none of the above
Question #18
The Tenth Amendment declares that the powers not delegated to the national government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states, are
A.   reserved to the central government
B.   reserved to the states respectively or to the people
C.   the sole authority of the executive branch
D.   the sole authority of Congress
Question #19
The case of Gideon v. Wainwright affirmed that states must
A.   allow you to confront your accuser
B.   allow you to be tried by a jury of your peers
C.   provide you with legal counsel in all criminal felony cases
D.   inform you of your constitutional rights before placing you under arrest
Question #20
The right to privacy as it pertains to abortion applies to all the following cases except
A.   Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
B.   Griswold v. Connecticut
C.   Roe v. Wade
D.   U.S. v. Lopez
Question #21
Each branch of the government has a way to exercise some control over the other branches according to the principle of
A.   implied powers
B.   enumeration
C.   federalism
D.   checks and balances
Question #22
Recent Supreme Court decisions on abortion, though still upholding the basic right, have granted more regulatory discretion to
A.   Congress
B.   the bureaucracy
C.   the states
D.   the executive branch
Question #23
The term "enumerated powers" mean
A.   the powers expressly delegated to the government
B.   the powers found in Article IV of the Constitution
C.   the powers reserved for local government
D.   powers denied to the state and the national government by the Constitution
Question #24
According to the Supreme Court in the case Adarand Construction v. Pena, if any federal, state, or local government wants to implement affirmative action policies, such policies will be subjected to "strict scrutiny" which means that there must be a compelling interest shown and they must be narrowly tailored.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #25
The exclusionary rule holds that
A.   evidence obtained from an illegal search and seizure can not be used in a trial
B.   "fighting words" can be excluded from constitutional protections
C.   people that are biased against a defendant may be excluded from serving on a jury
D.   a court can order or constraint an action by an individual
Question #26
Incorporation theory
A.   established the precedent for eminent domain
B.   states that the Federal government has the power to impose unfunded mandates
C.   bans the establishment of an official language in the United States
D.   states that the 14th Amendment protects the Bill of Rights against state government abuses
Question #27
Reserved Powers of state governments include the power to
A.   conduct foreign policy in matters of trade
B.   tax branches of the federal government
C.   prevent their citizens from traveling to other states
D.   regulate commerce within its borders
Question #28
In 1992, the Supreme Court announced a decision concerning abortions in the case Planned Parenthood v. Casey. The Court's ruling declared all of the following provisions unconstitutional EXCEPT
A.   all women seeking abortions to receiving counseling prior to the abortion
B.   a 24 hour waiting period
C.   judicial or parental permission for females under 18 seeking an abortion
D.   spousal notification with written consent, as it placed an "undue burden" on the woman
Question #29
The question(s) before the Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland
A.   both a and b
B.   was whether the national government could create a bank
C.   was whether Congress could incur a debt on behalf of the state
D.   was wether a state could tax a national bank
Question #30
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
A.   easily passed the senate
B.   was rarely enforced
C.   was relatively symbolic
D.   forbade discrimination on the basis of race
Question #31
One of the arguments against Federalism is
A.   the creation of a strong party system
B.   the rigidness of the national government in accepting change
C.   that state and local interests can block progress and impede national plans
D.   all of the above
Question #32
In a unitary system, the flow of power is
A.   from the local and state governments to the central government
B.   directly to the people bypassing the government
C.   from the bottom to the top
D.   from the central government to the state or local governments
Question #33
In the case McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court
A.   established the doctrine of implied powers
B.   ruled that McCulloch had violated a state law and must pay the tax with interest
C.   determined that the issue was not a federal question and should be decided by state courts
D.   ruled that Maryland could only taxt the value of the money at a rate that could not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of the Bank of the United States
Question #34
Civil Rights
A.   refers to the rights of all Americans to the equal treatment under the law
B.   are limitations placed on the national government to protect citizens
C.   are limitations placed on state governments to protect citizens
D.   refers to the first ten amendments to the constitution
Question #35
"implied powers" come from
A.   the precedent established in the Articles of Confederation
B.   Article II, section 2 of the Constitution
C.   state constitutions
D.   the elastic clause
Question #36
The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution
A.   allowed women the right to vote
B.   forced states to abolish poll tax requirements
C.   allowed black males the opportunity to vote
D.   forced states to allow residents the right to vote
Question #37
States may not
A.   make treaties with other nations
B.   license marriages
C.   license occupations
D.   regulate the sale of liquor
Question #38
Barriers that prevented African Americans from voting included
A.   the grandfather clause
B.   the poll tax
C.   the white primary
D.   all of the above
Question #39
The heart of the controversy that led to the Civil War was the issue of
A.   whether or not there should be anymore new states
B.   voting rights for ethnic minorities
C.   extradition
D.   national supremacy versus the rights of the separate states
Question #40
The Bill of Rights as ratified in 1791, provided for
A.   the protection of individual liberties from the national government
B.   the protection of individual liberties from the states
C.   equal rights for white women
D.   equal protection for Native Americans
Question #41
A person alleging that the local police force unlawfully and illegally seized personal property in their garage against their will is alleging a violation of search and seizure found in what amendment?
A.   the sixth
B.   the fourth
C.   the ninth
D.   the first
Question #42
In the case Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court held that
A.   ethnic minorities have no rights to equal treatment by the government
B.   separation of the races for a reason like education is not a violation of the Constitution
C.   public school segregation violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
D.   the national government does not have the power to force any type of action on local school boards
Question #43
Which of the following statements best describes the principle of separation of powers
A.   power sharply divided between the states and the national government
B.   law making, law enforcing, and law interpreting powers are shared by separate and independent institutions
C.   Both Democrats and Republicans alternating in political power
D.   each nation has the power to exercise political control within its borders
Question #44
Of the following, which is a form of political participation
A.   donating money to a charity for the homeless
B.   working as a caseworker for a social service agency
C.   calling your representative to express your opinions about upcoming legislation
D.   compiling a statistical analysis on the demographic factors of students enrolled at a local community college
Question #45
In Plessy V. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that
A.   separation of the races is not a violation of the Constitution, thereby establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine
B.   African Americans are not persons for purposes of the Constitution
C.   the national government has the power to to force all people to treat each other as equals
D.   schools may not practice any type of racial segregation
Question #46
As a result of the Bakke v. UC Regents case in 1978, which dealt with affirmative action policies
A.   quotas were determined to be constitutional
B.   race can be considered but can't be the sole/determinate factor in admission decisions
C.   both a and b
D.   quotas were declared unconstitutional
Question #47
In a representative democracy also known as indirect democracy
A.   the people elect representatives who make laws
B.   only a handful of wealthy individuals are allowed to vote
C.   only a handful of American born males are permitted to hold public office
D.   all citizens personally participate in the policymaking process
Question #48
Advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals is called
A.   liberalism
B.   republicanism
C.   libertarianism
D.   conservatism
Question #49
The concept of checks and balances allows the
A.   president to veto congressional acts
B.   president to unilaterally pass laws during a time of crisis
C.   Congress to select justices of the Supreme Court
D.   president to veto judicial decisions
Question #50
One of the major provisions of the Voting Rights Act 1965 was
A.   the elimination of discriminatory voter registration tests
B.   aimed at ending the preponderance of male candidates holding public office
C.   to allow members of all races the opportunity to vote starting in 1972
Question #51
The incorporation doctrine is based on which Amendment to the US Constitution
A.   Fourth
B.   Fifth
C.   Fourteenth
D.   First
Question #52
The level of confidence in the findings of a public opinion poll is called
A.   statistical anomaly
B.   unhappy public
C.   happenstance result
D.   sampling error
Question #53
Shay's Rebellion posed a threat to the economic elite at the time
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #54
Which of the following statements about the 1936 Literary Digest Magazine poll that predicted Roosevelt's defeat is true?
A.   The poll oversampled those with higher income
B.   The poll oversampled groups heavily Democratic in orientation
C.   The poll undersampled middle-class voters who owned telephones
D.   The poll excluded owners of automobiles
Question #55
Which of the following is an example of a public policy enacted through court decisions
A.   eliminating after school programs to save money
B.   cutting taxes
C.   raising the drinking age
D.   declaring school segregation unconstitutional
Question #56
The mixing of cultures, ideas, and people that has changed the American nation is known as
A.   the American stew
B.   the mixing kettle
C.   potluck culture
D.   the melting pot
Question #57
Which of the following viewpoints is more likely to be held by a political liberal than a political conservative?
A.   The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law
B.   Government should regulate the economy in the public interest
C.   Taxes and spending should be kept low
D.   Prayer belongs in school
Question #58
Which rule states that the evidence collected using unconstitutional procedures can not be introduced at a trial?
A.   the exclusionary rule
B.   the unconstitutional actions rule
C.   the inclusionary rule
D.   the golden rule
Question #59
Which of the following about political participation is true?
A.   minorities participate more than whites
B.   younger citizens participate more than older citizens
C.   more educated citizens participate more than less educated citizens
D.   citizens of lower socioeconomic status participate more
Question #60
Opponents of the Constitution demanded inclusion of the Bill of Rights because they feared abuse of power by state legislatures.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #61
A form of government in which people select representatives to govern and make laws is known as a
A.   federation
B.   republic
C.   confederation
D.   union
Question #62
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 extended the authority of the state government as a way to try to implement notions of equality.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #63
In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decided that the right of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman's right to terminate her pregnancy, though subject to certain state regulations in which a trimester framework was established.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #64
Today, most scientific polling is conducted using
A.   list of registered voters
B.   email
C.   questionnaires sent through the mail
D.   random digital dialing telephone interviews
Question #65
The consistent pattern of women having more liberal attitudes that men is known as
A.   sexual profiling
B.   the phantom leap
C.   comparable attitudes
D.   gender gap
Question #66
According to pluralist theory, the political actors who have the most influence over public policies are
A.   lawmakers
B.   elites
C.   interest groups
D.   students
Question #67
As a percentage of the total population in the US, which demographic groups is predicted to show the biggest decline in the next 50 years?
A.   Asian Americans
B.   African Americans
C.   Whites
D.   Hispanics
Question #68
Which of the following is not a form of political participation?
A.   voting in Congressional elections
B.   filing a lawsuit opposing the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools
C.   watching CNN's coverage of the Republican National Convention
D.   demonstrating against President Trump's immigration policies
Question #69
Which of the following powers is granted by the Constitution to both the national and state governments?
A.   to tax
B.   to declare war
C.   to regulate commerce between states
D.   to ratify amendments to the constitution
Question #70
Which of the following was the most powerful under the Articles of Confederation?
A.   the Congress
B.   the states
C.   the President
D.   the national government
Question #71
Which of the following protections are contained in the Bill of Rights?
A.   protection of social welfare policies
B.   protection of agricultural subsidies
C.   protection of criminal defendant's rights
D.   protection of African Americans
Question #72
Which Amendment to the US Constitution protects state governments from being sued by private parties?
A.   Seventh
B.   Twenty First
C.   Twenty Eight
D.   Eleventh
Question #73
The Constitutional provisions found in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution, giving Congress the means to execute its powers are examples of denied powers.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #74
When all the power resides in the central government, the political system is a confederation
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #75
A couple who gets married in Nebraska and honeymoons in Honolulu is also considered married in Hawaii because of which clause in the Constitution?
A.   Privileges and Immunities Clause
B.   Principles of extradition
C.   Full Faith and Credit Clause
D.   Equal Protection Clause
Question #76
Liberals tend to support
A.   voting
B.   maintaining peace through strength
C.   prayers in school
D.   affirmative action
Question #77
The rights to peaceably assemble and petition the government are guaranteed in the
A.   Sixth Amendment
B.   First Amendment
C.   Third Amendment
D.   First Amendment
Question #78
Which of the following demographic groups is the most ideologically conservative.
A.   Born again Christians
B.   Women
C.   African Americans
D.   Jews
Question #79
The provision of the 14th Amendment that prohibits any state from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws is known as the
A.   restoration of rights clause
B.   due process clause
C.   free exercise clause
D.   none of the above
Question #80
Which of the following is not true about public opinion polling?
A.   use of telephone books and motor vehicle records will bias a sample toward higher income groups
B.   random samples must include millions of people to accurately reflect public opinion
C.   accurate representation of the population is the most important feature of a public opinion survey
D.   sample sizes have been getting smaller not larger
Question #81
The power of Judicial Review is found in Article III of the Constitution
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #82
If the poor participated at higher levels in the political process, what might happen?
A.   government workers would likely unionize
B.   government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda
C.   government run services would likely be privatized
D.   government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda
Question #83
Which of the following generally increases with age?
A.   candidate loyalty and authoritarianism
B.   liberalism and political tolerance
C.   political participation and strength of party attachment
D.   political participation and suspicion of out-groups
Question #84
The most common type of participation among Americans is
A.   writing letters to government officials
B.   voting
C.   volunteering at a campaign
D.   giving money to candidates
Question #85
Supporters of public opinion polling would argue that
A.   polls can be worded so that politicians get whatever responses they want
B.   polling allows leaders to avoid compromise
C.   polling allows policymakers to keep in touch with changing opinion on the issues
D.   polling discourages bold leadership
Question #86
Which of the following is most likely to describe the partisanship of a daughter with two Democratic parents?
A.   she's a democrat
B.   she's an independent
C.   she's a libertarian
D.   she's a republican
Question #87
Which of the following best describes the beliefs about democracy held by the writers of the Constitution?
A.   they believed that the working class would make better decisions than the elite class
B.   they believed that democracy was only a temporary form of government
C.   they were skeptical that ordinary Americans could make informed decisions
D.   they had complete confidence in ordinary Americans to make sound decisions
Question #88
Which of the following is the primary source of political socialization for young children?
A.   schools
B.   neighbors
C.   the democratic and republican parties
D.   peer groups
Question #89
In the 1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford decision, the Supreme Court held that
A.   only Congress could ban slavery
B.   the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
C.   slavery was immoral but necessary
D.   black men were citizens but women were not
Question #90
What displaces parents as a chief source of information as children grow older?
A.   radio
B.   television
C.   magazines
D.   newspapers
Question #91
In the American system, which public policy domain is primarily the responsibility of state governments?
A.   national defense issues
B.   tariff issues
C.   social issues
D.   interstate commerce issues
Question #92
What most closely exemplifies equality in voting?
A.   one person, one vote
B.   universal citizenship
C.   freedom to vote
D.   inclusion
Question #93
Why is the American Revolution often characterized as being conservative?
A.   because it was spearheaded by Pat Buchanan
B.   Americans were in need of a complete social transformation
C.   Americans did not feel the need for great, social, economic, or political upheaval
D.   it only involved wealthy, property owning elites
Question #94
If a police officer has a reasonable belief that someone is engaged in criminal activity, that officer can stop and frisk the suspect
A.   only if the officer plans to arrest that person
B.   without getting a warrant
C.   only if there are witnesses
D.   only if that person gives consent
Question #95
Why is the question wording used in public opinion polls so important?
A.   different question wording can result in big difference responses
B.   words like "prefer", "favorable", and "approve" carry negative connotations that make Americans less satisfied with government
C.   the public dislikes short questions and is unlikely to answer them
D.   polllsters charge by the word, making longer questions more costly
Question #96
Which of the following best describes America's knowledge of politics?
A.   almost all Americans know who represents them in the House and the Senate
B.   most Americans know very little about politics
C.   more Americans knew about George Bush's tax policies than knew what his leasts favorite vegetable was.
D.   most Americans know who the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is
Question #97
Our Miranda rights come from procedural rules established to protect people subject to police interrogations, and to protect against self-incrimination.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #98
Amendment V of the Constitution deals with the Amendment process, both proposal and ratification.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #99
What are the two broad classifications on political participation?
A.   elitist and pluralist
B.   conventional and unconventional
C.   casual and formal
D.   productive and unproductive
Question #100
Some Political Scientists have argued that Americans are ideologically conservatives but operation liberals. What does this mean?
A.   Americans prefer conservative congressional candidates but vote for liberal presidential candidates
B.   Americans complain about tv shows like Jerry Springer, but continue to watch them anyway
C.   Americans oppose the idea of big government, but favor big government in practice
D.   Americans prefer spending time with their families than learning about politics

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