Political Science 1 - Government of the United States and California » 2019 » Midterm

Need help with your exam preparation?

Question #1
The Constitution requires that the government conduct and "actual enumeration" of the population every ten years, known as
A.   public opinion polls
B.   the literary digest
C.   malapportionment
D.   the census
Question #2
In the United States the principle for our structure of limited government is found
A.   in the Declaration of Independence
B.   in the Magna Carta
C.   in the Articles of Confederation
D.   in the Constitution
Question #3
The basic premise of Federalism is that
A.   supreme political authority remains with the states
B.   supreme executive power derives from a mandate by the masses
C.   supreme political authority remains with the national government
D.   two or more levels governments share power and authority over the same people and territory
Question #4
The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution
A.   mandated that all persons "will be treated as total equals from this date forward"
B.   had little impact on state governments and slavery
C.   prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude
D.   forced states to alter their constitutions to end slavery by making the children of slaves free while allowing slavery for existing slaves
Question #5
What technique is the key to the accuracy of public opinion polls?
A.   random sampling
B.   in person interviews
C.   font selection
D.   indexing
Question #6
The "establishment clause" in the First Amendment
A.   means that states can appropriate more than 15% of its total budget for religious education and religious purposes
B.   means that only the Supreme Court can create an official religion
C.   means that neither the federal government nor the state governments can set up an official church
D.   means that a state's citizens can adopt an official state prayer
Question #7
The principle of "judicial review" refers to
A.   a method by which the President can check the judiciary
B.   the ability of the Courts to declare laws unconstitutional
C.   the process of confirmation of federal judges by Congress
D.   the power of Congress to remove the President from office
Question #8
The process through which individuals acquire their political orientations and views on government is known as
A.   gradual acquiescence
B.   public opinion knowledge
C.   political socialization
D.   presumptive organization
Question #9
The Supremacy Doctrine based on Article VI of the Constitution asserts the superiority of
A.   non-slave states over slave states
B.   national law over state law
C.   the large states over small states
D.   women over men
Question #10
A limited government is based on the principle of
A.   a limitation on the power of the government
B.   allowing only a set of number of new immigrants into the country
C.   a predetermined period of time for state governments to vote for or against a new amendment to the constitution
D.   non-expansion, with the current geographic size of the government as large or small as it can be
Question #11
People who feel that they were unfairly denied their right to admission, employment or promotion because of an affirmative action program placed someone of another race, or sex ahead of them, claim
A.   reverse discrimination
B.   unfair competition
C.   unequal access
D.   restraints of trade
Question #12
The Civil Rights Movement led by Martin Luther King was based on the philosophy of
A.   nonviolent civil disobedience
B.   equality of practice that did not have to exclude racial segregation
C.   equality for all, through strong force when necessary
D.   divide and conquer
Question #13
To ensure that majority rule does not become oppressive, modern democracies
A.   limit political participation to individuals who are properly educated
B.   guarantee and actively protect the rights of minorities
C.   require two-thirds support of legislation before it can become an enforceable law
D.   all of the above
Question #14
The clause in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution that grants Congress the power to do whatever they consider appropriate to execute its delegated/enumerated powers is called
A.   the appropriations clause
B.   the necessary and proper clause
C.   the commerce clause
D.   the supremacy clause
Question #15
The 14th Amendment
A.   protect and individual's freedom or religious expression
B.   established the Supremacy Doctrine
C.   applied the national Bill of Rights as a limitation on the states
D.   codified the right to privacy
Question #16
When we speak of Civil Liberties in the US, we are mostly referring to the
A.   specific limitations on the government outlined in the Bill of Rights
B.   basic rights set forth by God that no government can deny
C.   rights of ethnic minorities to go to court and fight injustice
D.   rights of criminals found in Article I of the Constitution
Question #17
The longevity of the American Constitution can be attributed to
A.   its acknowledgement of Christian principles
B.   its flexibility
C.   the ease with which it can be amended
D.   none of the above
Question #18
The Tenth Amendment declares that the powers not delegated to the national government by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states, are
A.   the sole authority of Congress
B.   the sole authority of the executive branch
C.   reserved to the central government
D.   reserved to the states respectively or to the people
Question #19
The case of Gideon v. Wainwright affirmed that states must
A.   provide you with legal counsel in all criminal felony cases
B.   allow you to confront your accuser
C.   allow you to be tried by a jury of your peers
D.   inform you of your constitutional rights before placing you under arrest
Question #20
The right to privacy as it pertains to abortion applies to all the following cases except
A.   Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
B.   Griswold v. Connecticut
C.   U.S. v. Lopez
D.   Roe v. Wade
Question #21
Each branch of the government has a way to exercise some control over the other branches according to the principle of
A.   implied powers
B.   enumeration
C.   checks and balances
D.   federalism
Question #22
Recent Supreme Court decisions on abortion, though still upholding the basic right, have granted more regulatory discretion to
A.   the states
B.   the bureaucracy
C.   the executive branch
D.   Congress
Question #23
The term "enumerated powers" mean
A.   the powers reserved for local government
B.   powers denied to the state and the national government by the Constitution
C.   the powers expressly delegated to the government
D.   the powers found in Article IV of the Constitution
Question #24
According to the Supreme Court in the case Adarand Construction v. Pena, if any federal, state, or local government wants to implement affirmative action policies, such policies will be subjected to "strict scrutiny" which means that there must be a compelling interest shown and they must be narrowly tailored.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #25
The exclusionary rule holds that
A.   people that are biased against a defendant may be excluded from serving on a jury
B.   evidence obtained from an illegal search and seizure can not be used in a trial
C.   a court can order or constraint an action by an individual
D.   "fighting words" can be excluded from constitutional protections
Question #26
Incorporation theory
A.   established the precedent for eminent domain
B.   states that the Federal government has the power to impose unfunded mandates
C.   states that the 14th Amendment protects the Bill of Rights against state government abuses
D.   bans the establishment of an official language in the United States
Question #27
Reserved Powers of state governments include the power to
A.   tax branches of the federal government
B.   regulate commerce within its borders
C.   conduct foreign policy in matters of trade
D.   prevent their citizens from traveling to other states
Question #28
In 1992, the Supreme Court announced a decision concerning abortions in the case Planned Parenthood v. Casey. The Court's ruling declared all of the following provisions unconstitutional EXCEPT
A.   all women seeking abortions to receiving counseling prior to the abortion
B.   judicial or parental permission for females under 18 seeking an abortion
C.   spousal notification with written consent, as it placed an "undue burden" on the woman
D.   a 24 hour waiting period
Question #29
The question(s) before the Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland
A.   both a and b
B.   was whether the national government could create a bank
C.   was whether Congress could incur a debt on behalf of the state
D.   was wether a state could tax a national bank
Question #30
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
A.   forbade discrimination on the basis of race
B.   was relatively symbolic
C.   was rarely enforced
D.   easily passed the senate
Question #31
One of the arguments against Federalism is
A.   the creation of a strong party system
B.   that state and local interests can block progress and impede national plans
C.   the rigidness of the national government in accepting change
D.   all of the above
Question #32
In a unitary system, the flow of power is
A.   from the central government to the state or local governments
B.   directly to the people bypassing the government
C.   from the bottom to the top
D.   from the local and state governments to the central government
Question #33
In the case McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court
A.   ruled that Maryland could only taxt the value of the money at a rate that could not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of the Bank of the United States
B.   ruled that McCulloch had violated a state law and must pay the tax with interest
C.   determined that the issue was not a federal question and should be decided by state courts
D.   established the doctrine of implied powers
Question #34
Civil Rights
A.   are limitations placed on state governments to protect citizens
B.   refers to the rights of all Americans to the equal treatment under the law
C.   are limitations placed on the national government to protect citizens
D.   refers to the first ten amendments to the constitution
Question #35
"implied powers" come from
A.   Article II, section 2 of the Constitution
B.   state constitutions
C.   the elastic clause
D.   the precedent established in the Articles of Confederation
Question #36
The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution
A.   allowed women the right to vote
B.   forced states to abolish poll tax requirements
C.   allowed black males the opportunity to vote
D.   forced states to allow residents the right to vote
Question #37
States may not
A.   license marriages
B.   license occupations
C.   regulate the sale of liquor
D.   make treaties with other nations
Question #38
Barriers that prevented African Americans from voting included
A.   the white primary
B.   the poll tax
C.   the grandfather clause
D.   all of the above
Question #39
The heart of the controversy that led to the Civil War was the issue of
A.   whether or not there should be anymore new states
B.   extradition
C.   national supremacy versus the rights of the separate states
D.   voting rights for ethnic minorities
Question #40
The Bill of Rights as ratified in 1791, provided for
A.   the protection of individual liberties from the states
B.   equal protection for Native Americans
C.   equal rights for white women
D.   the protection of individual liberties from the national government
Question #41
A person alleging that the local police force unlawfully and illegally seized personal property in their garage against their will is alleging a violation of search and seizure found in what amendment?
A.   the first
B.   the sixth
C.   the fourth
D.   the ninth
Question #42
In the case Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court held that
A.   public school segregation violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
B.   ethnic minorities have no rights to equal treatment by the government
C.   separation of the races for a reason like education is not a violation of the Constitution
D.   the national government does not have the power to force any type of action on local school boards
Question #43
Which of the following statements best describes the principle of separation of powers
A.   each nation has the power to exercise political control within its borders
B.   power sharply divided between the states and the national government
C.   Both Democrats and Republicans alternating in political power
D.   law making, law enforcing, and law interpreting powers are shared by separate and independent institutions
Question #44
Of the following, which is a form of political participation
A.   working as a caseworker for a social service agency
B.   donating money to a charity for the homeless
C.   calling your representative to express your opinions about upcoming legislation
D.   compiling a statistical analysis on the demographic factors of students enrolled at a local community college
Question #45
In Plessy V. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that
A.   schools may not practice any type of racial segregation
B.   separation of the races is not a violation of the Constitution, thereby establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine
C.   African Americans are not persons for purposes of the Constitution
D.   the national government has the power to to force all people to treat each other as equals
Question #46
As a result of the Bakke v. UC Regents case in 1978, which dealt with affirmative action policies
A.   both a and b
B.   quotas were determined to be constitutional
C.   race can be considered but can't be the sole/determinate factor in admission decisions
D.   quotas were declared unconstitutional
Question #47
In a representative democracy also known as indirect democracy
A.   all citizens personally participate in the policymaking process
B.   the people elect representatives who make laws
C.   only a handful of American born males are permitted to hold public office
D.   only a handful of wealthy individuals are allowed to vote
Question #48
Advocacy of positive government action to improve the welfare of individuals is called
A.   libertarianism
B.   republicanism
C.   conservatism
D.   liberalism
Question #49
The concept of checks and balances allows the
A.   Congress to select justices of the Supreme Court
B.   president to unilaterally pass laws during a time of crisis
C.   president to veto congressional acts
D.   president to veto judicial decisions
Question #50
One of the major provisions of the Voting Rights Act 1965 was
A.   the elimination of discriminatory voter registration tests
B.   aimed at ending the preponderance of male candidates holding public office
C.   to allow members of all races the opportunity to vote starting in 1972
Question #51
The incorporation doctrine is based on which Amendment to the US Constitution
A.   Fourteenth
B.   Fifth
C.   First
D.   Fourth
Question #52
The level of confidence in the findings of a public opinion poll is called
A.   unhappy public
B.   statistical anomaly
C.   sampling error
D.   happenstance result
Question #53
Shay's Rebellion posed a threat to the economic elite at the time
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #54
Which of the following statements about the 1936 Literary Digest Magazine poll that predicted Roosevelt's defeat is true?
A.   The poll excluded owners of automobiles
B.   The poll oversampled those with higher income
C.   The poll oversampled groups heavily Democratic in orientation
D.   The poll undersampled middle-class voters who owned telephones
Question #55
Which of the following is an example of a public policy enacted through court decisions
A.   raising the drinking age
B.   declaring school segregation unconstitutional
C.   cutting taxes
D.   eliminating after school programs to save money
Question #56
The mixing of cultures, ideas, and people that has changed the American nation is known as
A.   potluck culture
B.   the mixing kettle
C.   the melting pot
D.   the American stew
Question #57
Which of the following viewpoints is more likely to be held by a political liberal than a political conservative?
A.   Government should regulate the economy in the public interest
B.   Prayer belongs in school
C.   Taxes and spending should be kept low
D.   The United States should stop letting criminals hide behind the law
Question #58
Which rule states that the evidence collected using unconstitutional procedures can not be introduced at a trial?
A.   the inclusionary rule
B.   the unconstitutional actions rule
C.   the exclusionary rule
D.   the golden rule
Question #59
Which of the following about political participation is true?
A.   citizens of lower socioeconomic status participate more
B.   younger citizens participate more than older citizens
C.   more educated citizens participate more than less educated citizens
D.   minorities participate more than whites
Question #60
Opponents of the Constitution demanded inclusion of the Bill of Rights because they feared abuse of power by state legislatures.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #61
A form of government in which people select representatives to govern and make laws is known as a
A.   republic
B.   federation
C.   union
D.   confederation
Question #62
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 extended the authority of the state government as a way to try to implement notions of equality.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #63
In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decided that the right of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman's right to terminate her pregnancy, though subject to certain state regulations in which a trimester framework was established.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #64
Today, most scientific polling is conducted using
A.   list of registered voters
B.   questionnaires sent through the mail
C.   email
D.   random digital dialing telephone interviews
Question #65
The consistent pattern of women having more liberal attitudes that men is known as
A.   sexual profiling
B.   the phantom leap
C.   comparable attitudes
D.   gender gap
Question #66
According to pluralist theory, the political actors who have the most influence over public policies are
A.   lawmakers
B.   elites
C.   interest groups
D.   students
Question #67
As a percentage of the total population in the US, which demographic groups is predicted to show the biggest decline in the next 50 years?
A.   African Americans
B.   Hispanics
C.   Asian Americans
D.   Whites
Question #68
Which of the following is not a form of political participation?
A.   watching CNN's coverage of the Republican National Convention
B.   filing a lawsuit opposing the Pledge of Allegiance in public schools
C.   voting in Congressional elections
D.   demonstrating against President Trump's immigration policies
Question #69
Which of the following powers is granted by the Constitution to both the national and state governments?
A.   to tax
B.   to ratify amendments to the constitution
C.   to regulate commerce between states
D.   to declare war
Question #70
Which of the following was the most powerful under the Articles of Confederation?
A.   the national government
B.   the President
C.   the Congress
D.   the states
Question #71
Which of the following protections are contained in the Bill of Rights?
A.   protection of African Americans
B.   protection of criminal defendant's rights
C.   protection of social welfare policies
D.   protection of agricultural subsidies
Question #72
Which Amendment to the US Constitution protects state governments from being sued by private parties?
A.   Eleventh
B.   Twenty First
C.   Twenty Eight
D.   Seventh
Question #73
The Constitutional provisions found in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution, giving Congress the means to execute its powers are examples of denied powers.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #74
When all the power resides in the central government, the political system is a confederation
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #75
A couple who gets married in Nebraska and honeymoons in Honolulu is also considered married in Hawaii because of which clause in the Constitution?
A.   Privileges and Immunities Clause
B.   Principles of extradition
C.   Full Faith and Credit Clause
D.   Equal Protection Clause
Question #76
Liberals tend to support
A.   voting
B.   maintaining peace through strength
C.   affirmative action
D.   prayers in school
Question #77
The rights to peaceably assemble and petition the government are guaranteed in the
A.   Third Amendment
B.   Sixth Amendment
C.   First Amendment
D.   First Amendment
Question #78
Which of the following demographic groups is the most ideologically conservative.
A.   Jews
B.   Born again Christians
C.   Women
D.   African Americans
Question #79
The provision of the 14th Amendment that prohibits any state from denying any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws is known as the
A.   restoration of rights clause
B.   due process clause
C.   free exercise clause
D.   none of the above
Question #80
Which of the following is not true about public opinion polling?
A.   random samples must include millions of people to accurately reflect public opinion
B.   sample sizes have been getting smaller not larger
C.   accurate representation of the population is the most important feature of a public opinion survey
D.   use of telephone books and motor vehicle records will bias a sample toward higher income groups
Question #81
The power of Judicial Review is found in Article III of the Constitution
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #82
If the poor participated at higher levels in the political process, what might happen?
A.   government programs to help individuals invest their Social Security income would likely be higher on the political agenda
B.   government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the political agenda
C.   government workers would likely unionize
D.   government run services would likely be privatized
Question #83
Which of the following generally increases with age?
A.   liberalism and political tolerance
B.   candidate loyalty and authoritarianism
C.   political participation and strength of party attachment
D.   political participation and suspicion of out-groups
Question #84
The most common type of participation among Americans is
A.   giving money to candidates
B.   voting
C.   volunteering at a campaign
D.   writing letters to government officials
Question #85
Supporters of public opinion polling would argue that
A.   polling allows leaders to avoid compromise
B.   polls can be worded so that politicians get whatever responses they want
C.   polling discourages bold leadership
D.   polling allows policymakers to keep in touch with changing opinion on the issues
Question #86
Which of the following is most likely to describe the partisanship of a daughter with two Democratic parents?
A.   she's an independent
B.   she's a republican
C.   she's a libertarian
D.   she's a democrat
Question #87
Which of the following best describes the beliefs about democracy held by the writers of the Constitution?
A.   they believed that democracy was only a temporary form of government
B.   they believed that the working class would make better decisions than the elite class
C.   they had complete confidence in ordinary Americans to make sound decisions
D.   they were skeptical that ordinary Americans could make informed decisions
Question #88
Which of the following is the primary source of political socialization for young children?
A.   peer groups
B.   neighbors
C.   schools
D.   the democratic and republican parties
Question #89
In the 1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford decision, the Supreme Court held that
A.   the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
B.   black men were citizens but women were not
C.   slavery was immoral but necessary
D.   only Congress could ban slavery
Question #90
What displaces parents as a chief source of information as children grow older?
A.   newspapers
B.   television
C.   radio
D.   magazines
Question #91
In the American system, which public policy domain is primarily the responsibility of state governments?
A.   social issues
B.   tariff issues
C.   interstate commerce issues
D.   national defense issues
Question #92
What most closely exemplifies equality in voting?
A.   inclusion
B.   universal citizenship
C.   freedom to vote
D.   one person, one vote
Question #93
Why is the American Revolution often characterized as being conservative?
A.   Americans did not feel the need for great, social, economic, or political upheaval
B.   it only involved wealthy, property owning elites
C.   Americans were in need of a complete social transformation
D.   because it was spearheaded by Pat Buchanan
Question #94
If a police officer has a reasonable belief that someone is engaged in criminal activity, that officer can stop and frisk the suspect
A.   only if there are witnesses
B.   only if the officer plans to arrest that person
C.   without getting a warrant
D.   only if that person gives consent
Question #95
Why is the question wording used in public opinion polls so important?
A.   polllsters charge by the word, making longer questions more costly
B.   words like "prefer", "favorable", and "approve" carry negative connotations that make Americans less satisfied with government
C.   the public dislikes short questions and is unlikely to answer them
D.   different question wording can result in big difference responses
Question #96
Which of the following best describes America's knowledge of politics?
A.   almost all Americans know who represents them in the House and the Senate
B.   more Americans knew about George Bush's tax policies than knew what his leasts favorite vegetable was.
C.   most Americans know who the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is
D.   most Americans know very little about politics
Question #97
Our Miranda rights come from procedural rules established to protect people subject to police interrogations, and to protect against self-incrimination.
A.   TRUE
B.   FALSE
Question #98
Amendment V of the Constitution deals with the Amendment process, both proposal and ratification.
A.   FALSE
B.   TRUE
Question #99
What are the two broad classifications on political participation?
A.   elitist and pluralist
B.   casual and formal
C.   conventional and unconventional
D.   productive and unproductive
Question #100
Some Political Scientists have argued that Americans are ideologically conservatives but operation liberals. What does this mean?
A.   Americans complain about tv shows like Jerry Springer, but continue to watch them anyway
B.   Americans prefer spending time with their families than learning about politics
C.   Americans prefer conservative congressional candidates but vote for liberal presidential candidates
D.   Americans oppose the idea of big government, but favor big government in practice

Need help with your exam preparation?