California State University, Northridge » Religion » Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Fall 2021

Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Fall 2021 » Midterm 2

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Question #1

Which of the following is NOT a way philosophy can help us in the area of business

A. it helps us make quick moral business decisions

B. it helps us examine the arguments businesses use for their actions

C. it helps us examine the fundamental assumptions and conceptual foundations of business

D. it helps us understand the nature of business and make moral judgments

Question #2

“Business ethics” falls into which of the following categories of philosophy?

A. normative ethics

B. metaethics

C. virtue ethics

D. utilitarianism

Question #3

“Rules of the game” is the same as

A. having a baseline of moral decency consistent throughout our lives

B. having a single set of ethical standards that apply throughout our life

C. role morality

D. making no distinction between different roles in our lives and what is moral behavior

Question #4

Which of the following would NOT be considered acting out of self- interest?

A. instrumental morality

B. intrinsic morality

C. benign self-interest

D. prudence

Question #5

Which of the following is NOT true of rule based approaches to business ethics?

A. demonstrates that most of our business dealings are based on mistrust

B. breeds the belief that the other business party is predatory

C. leads to a litigious society

D. advocated by economist Milton Friedman

Question #6

Relativists are the same as

A. objectivists

B. coherentists

C. absolutists

D. those who believe moral truths apply throughout space and time

Question #7

Which of the following statements would Machiavelli DISAGREE with?

A. right and wrong matter more than praise or blame

B. it is safer to be feared than to be loved

C. a bold leader should acquire and use power for his personal advantage

D. a leader has to promote his own interests above all others

Question #8

Which of the following would Thomas Hobbes DISAGREE with?

A. we tend to be more cooperative if we have to deal with the same people over and over

B. good and evil are names that signify our appetites and aversions

C. a life worth living comes from cooperative endeavors

D. it is always in our best interest to compete and dominate

Question #9

Which of the following is NOT true of corporate mission statements?

A. corporations are required to have a published mission statement

B. a mission statement shows that a company may not be purely egoistic

C. individual corporations can differ greatly in their goals and what they believe is appropriate behavior

D. a more outwardly directed mission statement recognizes the conflict between making a profit and meeting the needs of other stakeholders

Question #10

Which of the following does the case of the Bhopal disaster in the Gibson textbook NOT illustrate?

A. the many stakeholders and their incompatible interests

B. the many factors we have to consider

C. the difficulty in analyzing ethical issues in business

D. the similarity between legal and moral responsibility

Question #11

The idea that there is no distinction between doing what is decent and doing the heroic explains which of the following problems with utilitarianism?

A. ”sour grapes” syndrome

B. partiality

C. supererogation

D. the problem of how to calculate future welfare

Question #12

The Fair Trade or Trade Justice movement is a response to which of the following problems of Utilitarianism?

A. supererogation

B. the problem of how to calculate future welfare

C. it may pose a threat to minority groups

D. utility is not always fair

Question #13

Which of the following concepts would Immanuel Kant DISAGREE with?

A. determining moral action does not rely on outside evidence

B. the morality of an act is determined by the amount of good or evil it produces

C. motives are of utmost importance in assessing morality

D. ethics is based on our ability to reason and our freedom of choice

Question #14

Which of the following statements would Kant DISAGREE with?

A. moral action is imperative because we have no alternative to do otherwise

B. moral laws apply categorically in all circumstances

C. moral actions are based upon our feelings

D. maxims can be tested by whether or not they are consistent

Question #15

The statement, “Executives are agents responsible for increasing profits within legal means” is consistent with

A. Kantian capitalism

B. the traditional view of capitalism

C. Edward Freeman’s view of “stakeholder theory”

D. Norman Bowie’s views of what is meaningful work

Question #16

Consider the following hypothetical scenario: The Seattle Seahawks football team is planning on moving their team to another city in another state. As a loyal Seattle Seahawks fan (remember I said this was hypothetical) which of the following philosophers would provide you with the strongest argument for why the Seattle Seahawks should stay in Seattle?

A. W.D. Ross

B. Norman Bowie

C. Edward Freeman

D. Immanuel Kant

Question #17

Which of the following is NOT true of Virtue Theory?

A. concerned with duty to do what is right

B. the aim is eudaimonia

C. learned from role models

D. a teleological system

Question #18

Which statement is NOT true of Aristotle’s concept of virtue?

A. virtues are not just learned in the classroom

B. virtues are the same in any particular context

C. virtues moderate or balance our feelings

D. intellectual virtues make someone clever but not necessarily good

Question #19

Which is NOT true of virtue theory?

A. does not lend itself well to corporate statements and management literature

B. evaluates actions as part of a continuing personal history

C. recognizes that actions take place within communities and must be judged in those terms

D. requires role models

Question #20

Which of the following is NOT true of Capitalism?

A. capitalism makes a good servant to human flourishing, but a poor master

B. capitalism left unchecked may lead to excessive, unreasonable, and/or harmful acts

C. capitalism sometimes needs to be monitored and corrected

D. Adam Smith advocated making merchants and manufacturers “rulers of mankind”

Question #21

Which of the following statements is NOT true of ethical theory?

A. ethical theory provides the basis “normative action” based upon outcomes, duties, and virtues

B. ethical theory is implemented within a wider context

C. ethical theory provides an analytical framework for making decisions about what we should do

D. ethical theory will provide an easy recipe for right action in every case

Question #22

Which of the following features of capitalism is NOT true?

A. encourages consumption of finite resources

B. has resulted in a high standard of living with affordable goods and services

C. has a profound influence over our everyday lives

D. functions without government influence or modification

Question #23

Which is NOT true of corporations?

A. are a result of the industrial revolution

B. have no obligations to the society

C. are run by executives who face a challenging ethical environment

D. have considerable social and economic power to shape public opinion and legislative policy

Question #24

Which of the following is NOT an ethical problem that results from capitalism’s drive for constant growth and increased consumption?

A. landfills and depleting resources

B. goods with built in obsolescence

C. shortages and pollution for future generations

D. the invisible hand

Question #25

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Negative Externality?

A. failing to fix a car’s oil leak choosing instead to transfer the cost of the environmental burden to the community

B. people living near a coal-fired power plant who must clean the power plant’s soot off their laundry

C. producing sweatshop apparel where the costs for healthcare, unemployment and safety are borne by the employees and not the manufacturer

D. CocaCola, PepsiCo, and Cadbury-Schweppes control of 90% of the US soft drink market

Question #26

Which of the following is NOT an example of some one using a common area or resource (“commons”) for their own use rather than respecting the communal nature of the resource?

A. Ammon Bundy’s group occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge

B. Russia making territorial claims on the Arctic

C. Destruction of Gulf of Mexico resources by BP’s Deep Water Gulf Oil Disaster

D. Mylan Pharmaceutical’s unjustified inflation of Epi-Pen pricing

Question #27

Which of the following is NOT true of government regulation?

A. it is used to mitigate business cycles

B. it is encouraged by free market advocates like Ayn Rand and Robert Nozick

C. it operates by means of regulations, taxation, and government spending

D. it is used to protect personal rights in the work place

Question #28

Which of the following statements is NOT true of globalization?

A. is a liberal (libertarian) market approach

B. has accelerated since 1995 with the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

C. believes boosting fair competition will result in greater worldwide prosperity

D. is protectionistic of national economies

Question #29

Which of the following is an argument in favor of globalization?

A. makes business more efficient and leads to greater worldwide prosperity

B. the race to the bottom

C. industrial pollution “blows away” into other nations

D. borders are open for trade but closed to immigrants who want jobs

Question #30

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A. it is an unelected and undemocratic transnational authority

B. their hearings are closed to the public

C. it reflects the power and influence of its richer and more powerful nations

D. nations do not have to abide by its rulings

Question #31

Which of the following descriptions of the Body Shop, the cosmetics business founded by Anita Roddick, is an example one of the “worst” features of capitalism?

A. expanded internationally with willing customers and competitive prices

B. employed thousands

C. ecologically friendly cosmetics

D. low employee wages

Question #32

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report on the great recession of 2007-2009?

A. was the result of failures in corporate governance

B. the financial crisis was unavoidable

C. was the result of a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments and a lack of transparency

D. was the result of a systematic breakdown in accountability and ethics

Question #33

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of the investigative report to the president, Deep Water: The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling?

A. to be allowed to drill on the outer continental shelf is a private right to be exercised

B. it can be traced to identifiable mistakes made by British Petroleum (BP), Halliburton, and Transocean

C. it undermined public faith in the energy industry, government regulators and our own capability to respond to this kind of crisis

D. it could have been prevented

Question #34

Which of the following illustrates the “gender gap”?

A. 6 million women joining the workforce during World War II

B. the post-war economy proving greater employment opportunities for women

C. the rejection by many women of the role of being only mothers and homemakers

D. women earn only 75% of men’s wages

Question #35

The Ethics of Care is criticized because

A. leads to decisions based upon “rationality tinged with humane concern”

B. there is no apparent independent criterion of right and wrong

C. it goes against the traditional male view of classical philosophy

D. it embraces the idea of interdependent relationships

Question #36

Which of the following is NOT true of gender egalitarianism?

A. suggests society and the workplace need to take more seriously the perspectives and experiences of women

B. advocated by Mary Woolstonecraft

C. accepts the notion of gender based dichotomies

D. suggests society and the workplace have systematically devalued women’s experience

Question #37

When women in senior management are given difficult or precarious jobs that men don’t want defines

A. ”dual burdens”

B. the “mommy track”

C. the “glass ceiling”

D. the “glass cliff”

Question #38

The finding that 50% of male CEOs believe conditions for women are greatly improved, while only 25% of women agree that conditions have improved illustrates

A. the reluctance of women to charge in cases of sexual harassment

B. differences in form of address

C. discrimination blindness

D. workplace dangers

Question #39

Which of the following is NOT true of Allison Schieffelin’s case against Morgan Stanley?

A. 300 women filed similar complaints against Morgan Stanley

B. in 1996 she filed a sexual discrimination complaint against Morgan Stanley with the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission

C. these kinds of cases are exceedingly rare today

D. she settled her case four years later for $12 million

Question #40

Which is NOT true of Bloom’s taxonomy?

A. Bloom’s taxonomy is a way to help us understand our level of learning

B. Bloom’s taxonomy is a hierarchy of learning levels

C. Creating, evaluating, and analyzing are at the bottom of the Bloom pyramid

D. Bloom’s taxonomy may be used to help us diagnose our level of learning

Question #41

The first step in metacognition is

A. Self-assessing

B. Monitoring

C. Regulating

D. Goal-setting

Question #42

Which of the following is NOT an active reading strategy?

A. Re-reading the material until you remember the key concepts

B. Writing down questions you want the reading material to answer

C. Previewing the material

D. Paraphrasing the reading material as you go

Question #43

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for previewing reading material?

A. Skimming the material starting from the back of the chapter

B. Look at charts, graphs, or pictures in the chapter

C. If you are reading a novel read the first line of every paragraph

D. Page through the material looking at the section headings, bold print, and italicized words

Question #44

Which of the following is NOT one of the study tools reviewed in the lecture on metacognition strategies?

A. Highlighting

B. Flashcards

C. Coffee

D. Outlining

Question #45

Which of the following is NOT a metacognition strategy?

A. Write your own test questions

B. Taking good notes and relying on the lecture material makes buying the book unnecessary

C. Attend class or watch video lectures and take notes by hand

D. Work in pairs or groups to study and review material

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