California State University, Northridge » Religion » Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Fall 2021

Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Fall 2021 » Midterm 2

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Question #1

Which of the following is NOT a way philosophy can help us in the area of business

A. it helps us examine the fundamental assumptions and conceptual foundations of business

B. it helps us examine the arguments businesses use for their actions

C. it helps us make quick moral business decisions

D. it helps us understand the nature of business and make moral judgments

Question #2

“Business ethics” falls into which of the following categories of philosophy?

A. normative ethics

B. utilitarianism

C. virtue ethics

D. metaethics

Question #3

“Rules of the game” is the same as

A. role morality

B. making no distinction between different roles in our lives and what is moral behavior

C. having a single set of ethical standards that apply throughout our life

D. having a baseline of moral decency consistent throughout our lives

Question #4

Which of the following would NOT be considered acting out of self- interest?

A. prudence

B. instrumental morality

C. intrinsic morality

D. benign self-interest

Question #5

Which of the following is NOT true of rule based approaches to business ethics?

A. advocated by economist Milton Friedman

B. demonstrates that most of our business dealings are based on mistrust

C. leads to a litigious society

D. breeds the belief that the other business party is predatory

Question #6

Relativists are the same as

A. absolutists

B. those who believe moral truths apply throughout space and time

C. coherentists

D. objectivists

Question #7

Which of the following statements would Machiavelli DISAGREE with?

A. a bold leader should acquire and use power for his personal advantage

B. it is safer to be feared than to be loved

C. a leader has to promote his own interests above all others

D. right and wrong matter more than praise or blame

Question #8

Which of the following would Thomas Hobbes DISAGREE with?

A. good and evil are names that signify our appetites and aversions

B. a life worth living comes from cooperative endeavors

C. we tend to be more cooperative if we have to deal with the same people over and over

D. it is always in our best interest to compete and dominate

Question #9

Which of the following is NOT true of corporate mission statements?

A. corporations are required to have a published mission statement

B. a more outwardly directed mission statement recognizes the conflict between making a profit and meeting the needs of other stakeholders

C. a mission statement shows that a company may not be purely egoistic

D. individual corporations can differ greatly in their goals and what they believe is appropriate behavior

Question #10

Which of the following does the case of the Bhopal disaster in the Gibson textbook NOT illustrate?

A. the many stakeholders and their incompatible interests

B. the many factors we have to consider

C. the similarity between legal and moral responsibility

D. the difficulty in analyzing ethical issues in business

Question #11

The idea that there is no distinction between doing what is decent and doing the heroic explains which of the following problems with utilitarianism?

A. the problem of how to calculate future welfare

B. partiality

C. ”sour grapes” syndrome

D. supererogation

Question #12

The Fair Trade or Trade Justice movement is a response to which of the following problems of Utilitarianism?

A. the problem of how to calculate future welfare

B. it may pose a threat to minority groups

C. supererogation

D. utility is not always fair

Question #13

Which of the following concepts would Immanuel Kant DISAGREE with?

A. motives are of utmost importance in assessing morality

B. ethics is based on our ability to reason and our freedom of choice

C. determining moral action does not rely on outside evidence

D. the morality of an act is determined by the amount of good or evil it produces

Question #14

Which of the following statements would Kant DISAGREE with?

A. moral laws apply categorically in all circumstances

B. moral action is imperative because we have no alternative to do otherwise

C. moral actions are based upon our feelings

D. maxims can be tested by whether or not they are consistent

Question #15

The statement, “Executives are agents responsible for increasing profits within legal means” is consistent with

A. Edward Freeman’s view of “stakeholder theory”

B. Kantian capitalism

C. Norman Bowie’s views of what is meaningful work

D. the traditional view of capitalism

Question #16

Consider the following hypothetical scenario: The Seattle Seahawks football team is planning on moving their team to another city in another state. As a loyal Seattle Seahawks fan (remember I said this was hypothetical) which of the following philosophers would provide you with the strongest argument for why the Seattle Seahawks should stay in Seattle?

A. Edward Freeman

B. W.D. Ross

C. Immanuel Kant

D. Norman Bowie

Question #17

Which of the following is NOT true of Virtue Theory?

A. learned from role models

B. concerned with duty to do what is right

C. a teleological system

D. the aim is eudaimonia

Question #18

Which statement is NOT true of Aristotle’s concept of virtue?

A. virtues moderate or balance our feelings

B. intellectual virtues make someone clever but not necessarily good

C. virtues are the same in any particular context

D. virtues are not just learned in the classroom

Question #19

Which is NOT true of virtue theory?

A. does not lend itself well to corporate statements and management literature

B. evaluates actions as part of a continuing personal history

C. requires role models

D. recognizes that actions take place within communities and must be judged in those terms

Question #20

Which of the following is NOT true of Capitalism?

A. capitalism makes a good servant to human flourishing, but a poor master

B. Adam Smith advocated making merchants and manufacturers “rulers of mankind”

C. capitalism left unchecked may lead to excessive, unreasonable, and/or harmful acts

D. capitalism sometimes needs to be monitored and corrected

Question #21

Which of the following statements is NOT true of ethical theory?

A. ethical theory will provide an easy recipe for right action in every case

B. ethical theory is implemented within a wider context

C. ethical theory provides an analytical framework for making decisions about what we should do

D. ethical theory provides the basis “normative action” based upon outcomes, duties, and virtues

Question #22

Which of the following features of capitalism is NOT true?

A. has resulted in a high standard of living with affordable goods and services

B. has a profound influence over our everyday lives

C. encourages consumption of finite resources

D. functions without government influence or modification

Question #23

Which is NOT true of corporations?

A. are run by executives who face a challenging ethical environment

B. have considerable social and economic power to shape public opinion and legislative policy

C. are a result of the industrial revolution

D. have no obligations to the society

Question #24

Which of the following is NOT an ethical problem that results from capitalism’s drive for constant growth and increased consumption?

A. goods with built in obsolescence

B. landfills and depleting resources

C. the invisible hand

D. shortages and pollution for future generations

Question #25

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Negative Externality?

A. people living near a coal-fired power plant who must clean the power plant’s soot off their laundry

B. producing sweatshop apparel where the costs for healthcare, unemployment and safety are borne by the employees and not the manufacturer

C. CocaCola, PepsiCo, and Cadbury-Schweppes control of 90% of the US soft drink market

D. failing to fix a car’s oil leak choosing instead to transfer the cost of the environmental burden to the community

Question #26

Which of the following is NOT an example of some one using a common area or resource (“commons”) for their own use rather than respecting the communal nature of the resource?

A. Destruction of Gulf of Mexico resources by BP’s Deep Water Gulf Oil Disaster

B. Russia making territorial claims on the Arctic

C. Mylan Pharmaceutical’s unjustified inflation of Epi-Pen pricing

D. Ammon Bundy’s group occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge

Question #27

Which of the following is NOT true of government regulation?

A. it is used to mitigate business cycles

B. it is encouraged by free market advocates like Ayn Rand and Robert Nozick

C. it operates by means of regulations, taxation, and government spending

D. it is used to protect personal rights in the work place

Question #28

Which of the following statements is NOT true of globalization?

A. has accelerated since 1995 with the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

B. is protectionistic of national economies

C. is a liberal (libertarian) market approach

D. believes boosting fair competition will result in greater worldwide prosperity

Question #29

Which of the following is an argument in favor of globalization?

A. industrial pollution “blows away” into other nations

B. makes business more efficient and leads to greater worldwide prosperity

C. borders are open for trade but closed to immigrants who want jobs

D. the race to the bottom

Question #30

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A. nations do not have to abide by its rulings

B. their hearings are closed to the public

C. it is an unelected and undemocratic transnational authority

D. it reflects the power and influence of its richer and more powerful nations

Question #31

Which of the following descriptions of the Body Shop, the cosmetics business founded by Anita Roddick, is an example one of the “worst” features of capitalism?

A. expanded internationally with willing customers and competitive prices

B. ecologically friendly cosmetics

C. low employee wages

D. employed thousands

Question #32

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report on the great recession of 2007-2009?

A. the financial crisis was unavoidable

B. was the result of a systematic breakdown in accountability and ethics

C. was the result of a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments and a lack of transparency

D. was the result of failures in corporate governance

Question #33

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of the investigative report to the president, Deep Water: The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling?

A. it undermined public faith in the energy industry, government regulators and our own capability to respond to this kind of crisis

B. it can be traced to identifiable mistakes made by British Petroleum (BP), Halliburton, and Transocean

C. to be allowed to drill on the outer continental shelf is a private right to be exercised

D. it could have been prevented

Question #34

Which of the following illustrates the “gender gap”?

A. the rejection by many women of the role of being only mothers and homemakers

B. the post-war economy proving greater employment opportunities for women

C. 6 million women joining the workforce during World War II

D. women earn only 75% of men’s wages

Question #35

The Ethics of Care is criticized because

A. leads to decisions based upon “rationality tinged with humane concern”

B. it embraces the idea of interdependent relationships

C. it goes against the traditional male view of classical philosophy

D. there is no apparent independent criterion of right and wrong

Question #36

Which of the following is NOT true of gender egalitarianism?

A. suggests society and the workplace need to take more seriously the perspectives and experiences of women

B. suggests society and the workplace have systematically devalued women’s experience

C. accepts the notion of gender based dichotomies

D. advocated by Mary Woolstonecraft

Question #37

When women in senior management are given difficult or precarious jobs that men don’t want defines

A. the “glass cliff”

B. ”dual burdens”

C. the “glass ceiling”

D. the “mommy track”

Question #38

The finding that 50% of male CEOs believe conditions for women are greatly improved, while only 25% of women agree that conditions have improved illustrates

A. the reluctance of women to charge in cases of sexual harassment

B. differences in form of address

C. discrimination blindness

D. workplace dangers

Question #39

Which of the following is NOT true of Allison Schieffelin’s case against Morgan Stanley?

A. she settled her case four years later for $12 million

B. in 1996 she filed a sexual discrimination complaint against Morgan Stanley with the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission

C. these kinds of cases are exceedingly rare today

D. 300 women filed similar complaints against Morgan Stanley

Question #40

Which is NOT true of Bloom’s taxonomy?

A. Bloom’s taxonomy may be used to help us diagnose our level of learning

B. Creating, evaluating, and analyzing are at the bottom of the Bloom pyramid

C. Bloom’s taxonomy is a hierarchy of learning levels

D. Bloom’s taxonomy is a way to help us understand our level of learning

Question #41

The first step in metacognition is

A. Regulating

B. Monitoring

C. Goal-setting

D. Self-assessing

Question #42

Which of the following is NOT an active reading strategy?

A. Writing down questions you want the reading material to answer

B. Previewing the material

C. Paraphrasing the reading material as you go

D. Re-reading the material until you remember the key concepts

Question #43

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for previewing reading material?

A. Page through the material looking at the section headings, bold print, and italicized words

B. Look at charts, graphs, or pictures in the chapter

C. Skimming the material starting from the back of the chapter

D. If you are reading a novel read the first line of every paragraph

Question #44

Which of the following is NOT one of the study tools reviewed in the lecture on metacognition strategies?

A. Highlighting

B. Outlining

C. Coffee

D. Flashcards

Question #45

Which of the following is NOT a metacognition strategy?

A. Taking good notes and relying on the lecture material makes buying the book unnecessary

B. Attend class or watch video lectures and take notes by hand

C. Work in pairs or groups to study and review material

D. Write your own test questions

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