California State University, Northridge » Religion » Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Fall 2021

Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Fall 2021 » Midterm 2

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Question #1

Which of the following is NOT a way philosophy can help us in the area of business

A. it helps us understand the nature of business and make moral judgments

B. it helps us make quick moral business decisions

C. it helps us examine the arguments businesses use for their actions

D. it helps us examine the fundamental assumptions and conceptual foundations of business

Question #2

“Business ethics” falls into which of the following categories of philosophy?

A. virtue ethics

B. metaethics

C. normative ethics

D. utilitarianism

Question #3

“Rules of the game” is the same as

A. having a single set of ethical standards that apply throughout our life

B. having a baseline of moral decency consistent throughout our lives

C. role morality

D. making no distinction between different roles in our lives and what is moral behavior

Question #4

Which of the following would NOT be considered acting out of self- interest?

A. instrumental morality

B. prudence

C. benign self-interest

D. intrinsic morality

Question #5

Which of the following is NOT true of rule based approaches to business ethics?

A. breeds the belief that the other business party is predatory

B. demonstrates that most of our business dealings are based on mistrust

C. advocated by economist Milton Friedman

D. leads to a litigious society

Question #6

Relativists are the same as

A. those who believe moral truths apply throughout space and time

B. objectivists

C. coherentists

D. absolutists

Question #7

Which of the following statements would Machiavelli DISAGREE with?

A. a bold leader should acquire and use power for his personal advantage

B. right and wrong matter more than praise or blame

C. it is safer to be feared than to be loved

D. a leader has to promote his own interests above all others

Question #8

Which of the following would Thomas Hobbes DISAGREE with?

A. we tend to be more cooperative if we have to deal with the same people over and over

B. good and evil are names that signify our appetites and aversions

C. a life worth living comes from cooperative endeavors

D. it is always in our best interest to compete and dominate

Question #9

Which of the following is NOT true of corporate mission statements?

A. corporations are required to have a published mission statement

B. individual corporations can differ greatly in their goals and what they believe is appropriate behavior

C. a more outwardly directed mission statement recognizes the conflict between making a profit and meeting the needs of other stakeholders

D. a mission statement shows that a company may not be purely egoistic

Question #10

Which of the following does the case of the Bhopal disaster in the Gibson textbook NOT illustrate?

A. the similarity between legal and moral responsibility

B. the many stakeholders and their incompatible interests

C. the many factors we have to consider

D. the difficulty in analyzing ethical issues in business

Question #11

The idea that there is no distinction between doing what is decent and doing the heroic explains which of the following problems with utilitarianism?

A. supererogation

B. ”sour grapes” syndrome

C. partiality

D. the problem of how to calculate future welfare

Question #12

The Fair Trade or Trade Justice movement is a response to which of the following problems of Utilitarianism?

A. the problem of how to calculate future welfare

B. it may pose a threat to minority groups

C. supererogation

D. utility is not always fair

Question #13

Which of the following concepts would Immanuel Kant DISAGREE with?

A. determining moral action does not rely on outside evidence

B. the morality of an act is determined by the amount of good or evil it produces

C. ethics is based on our ability to reason and our freedom of choice

D. motives are of utmost importance in assessing morality

Question #14

Which of the following statements would Kant DISAGREE with?

A. maxims can be tested by whether or not they are consistent

B. moral laws apply categorically in all circumstances

C. moral actions are based upon our feelings

D. moral action is imperative because we have no alternative to do otherwise

Question #15

The statement, “Executives are agents responsible for increasing profits within legal means” is consistent with

A. Edward Freeman’s view of “stakeholder theory”

B. the traditional view of capitalism

C. Kantian capitalism

D. Norman Bowie’s views of what is meaningful work

Question #16

Consider the following hypothetical scenario: The Seattle Seahawks football team is planning on moving their team to another city in another state. As a loyal Seattle Seahawks fan (remember I said this was hypothetical) which of the following philosophers would provide you with the strongest argument for why the Seattle Seahawks should stay in Seattle?

A. Norman Bowie

B. Edward Freeman

C. Immanuel Kant

D. W.D. Ross

Question #17

Which of the following is NOT true of Virtue Theory?

A. learned from role models

B. concerned with duty to do what is right

C. the aim is eudaimonia

D. a teleological system

Question #18

Which statement is NOT true of Aristotle’s concept of virtue?

A. virtues moderate or balance our feelings

B. intellectual virtues make someone clever but not necessarily good

C. virtues are the same in any particular context

D. virtues are not just learned in the classroom

Question #19

Which is NOT true of virtue theory?

A. recognizes that actions take place within communities and must be judged in those terms

B. does not lend itself well to corporate statements and management literature

C. evaluates actions as part of a continuing personal history

D. requires role models

Question #20

Which of the following is NOT true of Capitalism?

A. capitalism left unchecked may lead to excessive, unreasonable, and/or harmful acts

B. Adam Smith advocated making merchants and manufacturers “rulers of mankind”

C. capitalism makes a good servant to human flourishing, but a poor master

D. capitalism sometimes needs to be monitored and corrected

Question #21

Which of the following statements is NOT true of ethical theory?

A. ethical theory is implemented within a wider context

B. ethical theory will provide an easy recipe for right action in every case

C. ethical theory provides the basis “normative action” based upon outcomes, duties, and virtues

D. ethical theory provides an analytical framework for making decisions about what we should do

Question #22

Which of the following features of capitalism is NOT true?

A. functions without government influence or modification

B. has resulted in a high standard of living with affordable goods and services

C. has a profound influence over our everyday lives

D. encourages consumption of finite resources

Question #23

Which is NOT true of corporations?

A. have considerable social and economic power to shape public opinion and legislative policy

B. have no obligations to the society

C. are run by executives who face a challenging ethical environment

D. are a result of the industrial revolution

Question #24

Which of the following is NOT an ethical problem that results from capitalism’s drive for constant growth and increased consumption?

A. the invisible hand

B. landfills and depleting resources

C. shortages and pollution for future generations

D. goods with built in obsolescence

Question #25

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Negative Externality?

A. people living near a coal-fired power plant who must clean the power plant’s soot off their laundry

B. failing to fix a car’s oil leak choosing instead to transfer the cost of the environmental burden to the community

C. producing sweatshop apparel where the costs for healthcare, unemployment and safety are borne by the employees and not the manufacturer

D. CocaCola, PepsiCo, and Cadbury-Schweppes control of 90% of the US soft drink market

Question #26

Which of the following is NOT an example of some one using a common area or resource (“commons”) for their own use rather than respecting the communal nature of the resource?

A. Ammon Bundy’s group occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge

B. Mylan Pharmaceutical’s unjustified inflation of Epi-Pen pricing

C. Destruction of Gulf of Mexico resources by BP’s Deep Water Gulf Oil Disaster

D. Russia making territorial claims on the Arctic

Question #27

Which of the following is NOT true of government regulation?

A. it is used to protect personal rights in the work place

B. it operates by means of regulations, taxation, and government spending

C. it is encouraged by free market advocates like Ayn Rand and Robert Nozick

D. it is used to mitigate business cycles

Question #28

Which of the following statements is NOT true of globalization?

A. has accelerated since 1995 with the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

B. believes boosting fair competition will result in greater worldwide prosperity

C. is protectionistic of national economies

D. is a liberal (libertarian) market approach

Question #29

Which of the following is an argument in favor of globalization?

A. borders are open for trade but closed to immigrants who want jobs

B. the race to the bottom

C. makes business more efficient and leads to greater worldwide prosperity

D. industrial pollution “blows away” into other nations

Question #30

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A. it is an unelected and undemocratic transnational authority

B. nations do not have to abide by its rulings

C. their hearings are closed to the public

D. it reflects the power and influence of its richer and more powerful nations

Question #31

Which of the following descriptions of the Body Shop, the cosmetics business founded by Anita Roddick, is an example one of the “worst” features of capitalism?

A. low employee wages

B. expanded internationally with willing customers and competitive prices

C. ecologically friendly cosmetics

D. employed thousands

Question #32

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report on the great recession of 2007-2009?

A. the financial crisis was unavoidable

B. was the result of a systematic breakdown in accountability and ethics

C. was the result of a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments and a lack of transparency

D. was the result of failures in corporate governance

Question #33

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of the investigative report to the president, Deep Water: The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling?

A. it undermined public faith in the energy industry, government regulators and our own capability to respond to this kind of crisis

B. to be allowed to drill on the outer continental shelf is a private right to be exercised

C. it could have been prevented

D. it can be traced to identifiable mistakes made by British Petroleum (BP), Halliburton, and Transocean

Question #34

Which of the following illustrates the “gender gap”?

A. the post-war economy proving greater employment opportunities for women

B. women earn only 75% of men’s wages

C. the rejection by many women of the role of being only mothers and homemakers

D. 6 million women joining the workforce during World War II

Question #35

The Ethics of Care is criticized because

A. there is no apparent independent criterion of right and wrong

B. it goes against the traditional male view of classical philosophy

C. it embraces the idea of interdependent relationships

D. leads to decisions based upon “rationality tinged with humane concern”

Question #36

Which of the following is NOT true of gender egalitarianism?

A. advocated by Mary Woolstonecraft

B. accepts the notion of gender based dichotomies

C. suggests society and the workplace have systematically devalued women’s experience

D. suggests society and the workplace need to take more seriously the perspectives and experiences of women

Question #37

When women in senior management are given difficult or precarious jobs that men don’t want defines

A. the “glass cliff”

B. the “glass ceiling”

C. the “mommy track”

D. ”dual burdens”

Question #38

The finding that 50% of male CEOs believe conditions for women are greatly improved, while only 25% of women agree that conditions have improved illustrates

A. workplace dangers

B. differences in form of address

C. the reluctance of women to charge in cases of sexual harassment

D. discrimination blindness

Question #39

Which of the following is NOT true of Allison Schieffelin’s case against Morgan Stanley?

A. these kinds of cases are exceedingly rare today

B. 300 women filed similar complaints against Morgan Stanley

C. she settled her case four years later for $12 million

D. in 1996 she filed a sexual discrimination complaint against Morgan Stanley with the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission

Question #40

Which is NOT true of Bloom’s taxonomy?

A. Bloom’s taxonomy is a way to help us understand our level of learning

B. Bloom’s taxonomy is a hierarchy of learning levels

C. Creating, evaluating, and analyzing are at the bottom of the Bloom pyramid

D. Bloom’s taxonomy may be used to help us diagnose our level of learning

Question #41

The first step in metacognition is

A. Goal-setting

B. Regulating

C. Monitoring

D. Self-assessing

Question #42

Which of the following is NOT an active reading strategy?

A. Paraphrasing the reading material as you go

B. Previewing the material

C. Re-reading the material until you remember the key concepts

D. Writing down questions you want the reading material to answer

Question #43

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for previewing reading material?

A. If you are reading a novel read the first line of every paragraph

B. Page through the material looking at the section headings, bold print, and italicized words

C. Skimming the material starting from the back of the chapter

D. Look at charts, graphs, or pictures in the chapter

Question #44

Which of the following is NOT one of the study tools reviewed in the lecture on metacognition strategies?

A. Highlighting

B. Coffee

C. Flashcards

D. Outlining

Question #45

Which of the following is NOT a metacognition strategy?

A. Taking good notes and relying on the lecture material makes buying the book unnecessary

B. Work in pairs or groups to study and review material

C. Attend class or watch video lectures and take notes by hand

D. Write your own test questions

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