California State University, Northridge » Religion » Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Fall 2021

Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Fall 2021 » Midterm 2

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Question #1

Which of the following is NOT a way philosophy can help us in the area of business

A. it helps us understand the nature of business and make moral judgments

B. it helps us examine the arguments businesses use for their actions

C. it helps us make quick moral business decisions

D. it helps us examine the fundamental assumptions and conceptual foundations of business

Question #2

“Business ethics” falls into which of the following categories of philosophy?

A. virtue ethics

B. utilitarianism

C. metaethics

D. normative ethics

Question #3

“Rules of the game” is the same as

A. making no distinction between different roles in our lives and what is moral behavior

B. having a baseline of moral decency consistent throughout our lives

C. role morality

D. having a single set of ethical standards that apply throughout our life

Question #4

Which of the following would NOT be considered acting out of self- interest?

A. prudence

B. benign self-interest

C. instrumental morality

D. intrinsic morality

Question #5

Which of the following is NOT true of rule based approaches to business ethics?

A. advocated by economist Milton Friedman

B. demonstrates that most of our business dealings are based on mistrust

C. leads to a litigious society

D. breeds the belief that the other business party is predatory

Question #6

Relativists are the same as

A. objectivists

B. absolutists

C. those who believe moral truths apply throughout space and time

D. coherentists

Question #7

Which of the following statements would Machiavelli DISAGREE with?

A. a bold leader should acquire and use power for his personal advantage

B. right and wrong matter more than praise or blame

C. a leader has to promote his own interests above all others

D. it is safer to be feared than to be loved

Question #8

Which of the following would Thomas Hobbes DISAGREE with?

A. we tend to be more cooperative if we have to deal with the same people over and over

B. a life worth living comes from cooperative endeavors

C. good and evil are names that signify our appetites and aversions

D. it is always in our best interest to compete and dominate

Question #9

Which of the following is NOT true of corporate mission statements?

A. a mission statement shows that a company may not be purely egoistic

B. individual corporations can differ greatly in their goals and what they believe is appropriate behavior

C. corporations are required to have a published mission statement

D. a more outwardly directed mission statement recognizes the conflict between making a profit and meeting the needs of other stakeholders

Question #10

Which of the following does the case of the Bhopal disaster in the Gibson textbook NOT illustrate?

A. the many factors we have to consider

B. the many stakeholders and their incompatible interests

C. the difficulty in analyzing ethical issues in business

D. the similarity between legal and moral responsibility

Question #11

The idea that there is no distinction between doing what is decent and doing the heroic explains which of the following problems with utilitarianism?

A. the problem of how to calculate future welfare

B. partiality

C. supererogation

D. ”sour grapes” syndrome

Question #12

The Fair Trade or Trade Justice movement is a response to which of the following problems of Utilitarianism?

A. it may pose a threat to minority groups

B. utility is not always fair

C. the problem of how to calculate future welfare

D. supererogation

Question #13

Which of the following concepts would Immanuel Kant DISAGREE with?

A. determining moral action does not rely on outside evidence

B. motives are of utmost importance in assessing morality

C. ethics is based on our ability to reason and our freedom of choice

D. the morality of an act is determined by the amount of good or evil it produces

Question #14

Which of the following statements would Kant DISAGREE with?

A. maxims can be tested by whether or not they are consistent

B. moral laws apply categorically in all circumstances

C. moral actions are based upon our feelings

D. moral action is imperative because we have no alternative to do otherwise

Question #15

The statement, “Executives are agents responsible for increasing profits within legal means” is consistent with

A. the traditional view of capitalism

B. Norman Bowie’s views of what is meaningful work

C. Edward Freeman’s view of “stakeholder theory”

D. Kantian capitalism

Question #16

Consider the following hypothetical scenario: The Seattle Seahawks football team is planning on moving their team to another city in another state. As a loyal Seattle Seahawks fan (remember I said this was hypothetical) which of the following philosophers would provide you with the strongest argument for why the Seattle Seahawks should stay in Seattle?

A. Edward Freeman

B. Immanuel Kant

C. Norman Bowie

D. W.D. Ross

Question #17

Which of the following is NOT true of Virtue Theory?

A. concerned with duty to do what is right

B. the aim is eudaimonia

C. learned from role models

D. a teleological system

Question #18

Which statement is NOT true of Aristotle’s concept of virtue?

A. intellectual virtues make someone clever but not necessarily good

B. virtues moderate or balance our feelings

C. virtues are not just learned in the classroom

D. virtues are the same in any particular context

Question #19

Which is NOT true of virtue theory?

A. does not lend itself well to corporate statements and management literature

B. requires role models

C. evaluates actions as part of a continuing personal history

D. recognizes that actions take place within communities and must be judged in those terms

Question #20

Which of the following is NOT true of Capitalism?

A. Adam Smith advocated making merchants and manufacturers “rulers of mankind”

B. capitalism left unchecked may lead to excessive, unreasonable, and/or harmful acts

C. capitalism sometimes needs to be monitored and corrected

D. capitalism makes a good servant to human flourishing, but a poor master

Question #21

Which of the following statements is NOT true of ethical theory?

A. ethical theory provides an analytical framework for making decisions about what we should do

B. ethical theory will provide an easy recipe for right action in every case

C. ethical theory provides the basis “normative action” based upon outcomes, duties, and virtues

D. ethical theory is implemented within a wider context

Question #22

Which of the following features of capitalism is NOT true?

A. encourages consumption of finite resources

B. has resulted in a high standard of living with affordable goods and services

C. has a profound influence over our everyday lives

D. functions without government influence or modification

Question #23

Which is NOT true of corporations?

A. are run by executives who face a challenging ethical environment

B. have no obligations to the society

C. have considerable social and economic power to shape public opinion and legislative policy

D. are a result of the industrial revolution

Question #24

Which of the following is NOT an ethical problem that results from capitalism’s drive for constant growth and increased consumption?

A. the invisible hand

B. goods with built in obsolescence

C. shortages and pollution for future generations

D. landfills and depleting resources

Question #25

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Negative Externality?

A. failing to fix a car’s oil leak choosing instead to transfer the cost of the environmental burden to the community

B. producing sweatshop apparel where the costs for healthcare, unemployment and safety are borne by the employees and not the manufacturer

C. people living near a coal-fired power plant who must clean the power plant’s soot off their laundry

D. CocaCola, PepsiCo, and Cadbury-Schweppes control of 90% of the US soft drink market

Question #26

Which of the following is NOT an example of some one using a common area or resource (“commons”) for their own use rather than respecting the communal nature of the resource?

A. Russia making territorial claims on the Arctic

B. Mylan Pharmaceutical’s unjustified inflation of Epi-Pen pricing

C. Ammon Bundy’s group occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge

D. Destruction of Gulf of Mexico resources by BP’s Deep Water Gulf Oil Disaster

Question #27

Which of the following is NOT true of government regulation?

A. it operates by means of regulations, taxation, and government spending

B. it is encouraged by free market advocates like Ayn Rand and Robert Nozick

C. it is used to protect personal rights in the work place

D. it is used to mitigate business cycles

Question #28

Which of the following statements is NOT true of globalization?

A. has accelerated since 1995 with the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

B. is protectionistic of national economies

C. believes boosting fair competition will result in greater worldwide prosperity

D. is a liberal (libertarian) market approach

Question #29

Which of the following is an argument in favor of globalization?

A. borders are open for trade but closed to immigrants who want jobs

B. the race to the bottom

C. makes business more efficient and leads to greater worldwide prosperity

D. industrial pollution “blows away” into other nations

Question #30

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A. their hearings are closed to the public

B. it is an unelected and undemocratic transnational authority

C. nations do not have to abide by its rulings

D. it reflects the power and influence of its richer and more powerful nations

Question #31

Which of the following descriptions of the Body Shop, the cosmetics business founded by Anita Roddick, is an example one of the “worst” features of capitalism?

A. expanded internationally with willing customers and competitive prices

B. ecologically friendly cosmetics

C. employed thousands

D. low employee wages

Question #32

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report on the great recession of 2007-2009?

A. was the result of a systematic breakdown in accountability and ethics

B. was the result of a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments and a lack of transparency

C. the financial crisis was unavoidable

D. was the result of failures in corporate governance

Question #33

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of the investigative report to the president, Deep Water: The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling?

A. it can be traced to identifiable mistakes made by British Petroleum (BP), Halliburton, and Transocean

B. it undermined public faith in the energy industry, government regulators and our own capability to respond to this kind of crisis

C. to be allowed to drill on the outer continental shelf is a private right to be exercised

D. it could have been prevented

Question #34

Which of the following illustrates the “gender gap”?

A. the post-war economy proving greater employment opportunities for women

B. 6 million women joining the workforce during World War II

C. the rejection by many women of the role of being only mothers and homemakers

D. women earn only 75% of men’s wages

Question #35

The Ethics of Care is criticized because

A. there is no apparent independent criterion of right and wrong

B. it embraces the idea of interdependent relationships

C. leads to decisions based upon “rationality tinged with humane concern”

D. it goes against the traditional male view of classical philosophy

Question #36

Which of the following is NOT true of gender egalitarianism?

A. suggests society and the workplace have systematically devalued women’s experience

B. suggests society and the workplace need to take more seriously the perspectives and experiences of women

C. advocated by Mary Woolstonecraft

D. accepts the notion of gender based dichotomies

Question #37

A. the “glass cliff”

B. ”dual burdens”

C. the “mommy track”

D. the “glass ceiling”

Question #38

The finding that 50% of male CEOs believe conditions for women are greatly improved, while only 25% of women agree that conditions have improved illustrates

A. discrimination blindness

B. workplace dangers

C. differences in form of address

D. the reluctance of women to charge in cases of sexual harassment

Question #39

Which of the following is NOT true of Allison Schieffelin’s case against Morgan Stanley?

A. she settled her case four years later for $12 million

B. 300 women filed similar complaints against Morgan Stanley

C. these kinds of cases are exceedingly rare today

D. in 1996 she filed a sexual discrimination complaint against Morgan Stanley with the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission

Question #40

Which is NOT true of Bloom’s taxonomy?

A. Bloom’s taxonomy is a hierarchy of learning levels

B. Bloom’s taxonomy is a way to help us understand our level of learning

C. Creating, evaluating, and analyzing are at the bottom of the Bloom pyramid

D. Bloom’s taxonomy may be used to help us diagnose our level of learning

Question #41

The first step in metacognition is

A. Self-assessing

B. Monitoring

C. Goal-setting

D. Regulating

Question #42

Which of the following is NOT an active reading strategy?

A. Writing down questions you want the reading material to answer

B. Re-reading the material until you remember the key concepts

C. Paraphrasing the reading material as you go

D. Previewing the material

Question #43

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for previewing reading material?

A. Page through the material looking at the section headings, bold print, and italicized words

B. If you are reading a novel read the first line of every paragraph

C. Look at charts, graphs, or pictures in the chapter

D. Skimming the material starting from the back of the chapter

Question #44

Which of the following is NOT one of the study tools reviewed in the lecture on metacognition strategies?

A. Flashcards

B. Highlighting

C. Coffee

D. Outlining

Question #45

Which of the following is NOT a metacognition strategy?

A. Write your own test questions

B. Attend class or watch video lectures and take notes by hand

C. Work in pairs or groups to study and review material

D. Taking good notes and relying on the lecture material makes buying the book unnecessary

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