California State University, Northridge » Religion » Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Fall 2021

Religious Studies 361 - Contemporary Ethical Issues » Fall 2021 » Midterm 2

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Question #1

Which of the following is NOT a way philosophy can help us in the area of business

A. it helps us examine the arguments businesses use for their actions

B. it helps us examine the fundamental assumptions and conceptual foundations of business

C. it helps us make quick moral business decisions

D. it helps us understand the nature of business and make moral judgments

Question #2

“Business ethics” falls into which of the following categories of philosophy?

A. normative ethics

B. virtue ethics

C. utilitarianism

D. metaethics

Question #3

“Rules of the game” is the same as

A. making no distinction between different roles in our lives and what is moral behavior

B. having a single set of ethical standards that apply throughout our life

C. having a baseline of moral decency consistent throughout our lives

D. role morality

Question #4

Which of the following would NOT be considered acting out of self- interest?

A. benign self-interest

B. instrumental morality

C. intrinsic morality

D. prudence

Question #5

Which of the following is NOT true of rule based approaches to business ethics?

A. breeds the belief that the other business party is predatory

B. demonstrates that most of our business dealings are based on mistrust

C. leads to a litigious society

D. advocated by economist Milton Friedman

Question #6

Relativists are the same as

A. those who believe moral truths apply throughout space and time

B. absolutists

C. coherentists

D. objectivists

Question #7

Which of the following statements would Machiavelli DISAGREE with?

A. it is safer to be feared than to be loved

B. a bold leader should acquire and use power for his personal advantage

C. right and wrong matter more than praise or blame

D. a leader has to promote his own interests above all others

Question #8

Which of the following would Thomas Hobbes DISAGREE with?

A. it is always in our best interest to compete and dominate

B. good and evil are names that signify our appetites and aversions

C. a life worth living comes from cooperative endeavors

D. we tend to be more cooperative if we have to deal with the same people over and over

Question #9

Which of the following is NOT true of corporate mission statements?

A. a more outwardly directed mission statement recognizes the conflict between making a profit and meeting the needs of other stakeholders

B. individual corporations can differ greatly in their goals and what they believe is appropriate behavior

C. a mission statement shows that a company may not be purely egoistic

D. corporations are required to have a published mission statement

Question #10

Which of the following does the case of the Bhopal disaster in the Gibson textbook NOT illustrate?

A. the difficulty in analyzing ethical issues in business

B. the many stakeholders and their incompatible interests

C. the similarity between legal and moral responsibility

D. the many factors we have to consider

Question #11

The idea that there is no distinction between doing what is decent and doing the heroic explains which of the following problems with utilitarianism?

A. ”sour grapes” syndrome

B. partiality

C. supererogation

D. the problem of how to calculate future welfare

Question #12

The Fair Trade or Trade Justice movement is a response to which of the following problems of Utilitarianism?

A. utility is not always fair

B. supererogation

C. it may pose a threat to minority groups

D. the problem of how to calculate future welfare

Question #13

Which of the following concepts would Immanuel Kant DISAGREE with?

A. motives are of utmost importance in assessing morality

B. ethics is based on our ability to reason and our freedom of choice

C. determining moral action does not rely on outside evidence

D. the morality of an act is determined by the amount of good or evil it produces

Question #14

Which of the following statements would Kant DISAGREE with?

A. moral action is imperative because we have no alternative to do otherwise

B. maxims can be tested by whether or not they are consistent

C. moral actions are based upon our feelings

D. moral laws apply categorically in all circumstances

Question #15

The statement, “Executives are agents responsible for increasing profits within legal means” is consistent with

A. Norman Bowie’s views of what is meaningful work

B. Kantian capitalism

C. Edward Freeman’s view of “stakeholder theory”

D. the traditional view of capitalism

Question #16

Consider the following hypothetical scenario: The Seattle Seahawks football team is planning on moving their team to another city in another state. As a loyal Seattle Seahawks fan (remember I said this was hypothetical) which of the following philosophers would provide you with the strongest argument for why the Seattle Seahawks should stay in Seattle?

A. Immanuel Kant

B. W.D. Ross

C. Edward Freeman

D. Norman Bowie

Question #17

Which of the following is NOT true of Virtue Theory?

A. the aim is eudaimonia

B. concerned with duty to do what is right

C. a teleological system

D. learned from role models

Question #18

Which statement is NOT true of Aristotle’s concept of virtue?

A. virtues are not just learned in the classroom

B. virtues are the same in any particular context

C. intellectual virtues make someone clever but not necessarily good

D. virtues moderate or balance our feelings

Question #19

Which is NOT true of virtue theory?

A. recognizes that actions take place within communities and must be judged in those terms

B. evaluates actions as part of a continuing personal history

C. does not lend itself well to corporate statements and management literature

D. requires role models

Question #20

Which of the following is NOT true of Capitalism?

A. capitalism makes a good servant to human flourishing, but a poor master

B. Adam Smith advocated making merchants and manufacturers “rulers of mankind”

C. capitalism sometimes needs to be monitored and corrected

D. capitalism left unchecked may lead to excessive, unreasonable, and/or harmful acts

Question #21

Which of the following statements is NOT true of ethical theory?

A. ethical theory is implemented within a wider context

B. ethical theory provides the basis “normative action” based upon outcomes, duties, and virtues

C. ethical theory provides an analytical framework for making decisions about what we should do

D. ethical theory will provide an easy recipe for right action in every case

Question #22

Which of the following features of capitalism is NOT true?

A. has a profound influence over our everyday lives

B. has resulted in a high standard of living with affordable goods and services

C. encourages consumption of finite resources

D. functions without government influence or modification

Question #23

Which is NOT true of corporations?

A. are run by executives who face a challenging ethical environment

B. are a result of the industrial revolution

C. have considerable social and economic power to shape public opinion and legislative policy

D. have no obligations to the society

Question #24

Which of the following is NOT an ethical problem that results from capitalism’s drive for constant growth and increased consumption?

A. the invisible hand

B. goods with built in obsolescence

C. shortages and pollution for future generations

D. landfills and depleting resources

Question #25

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Negative Externality?

A. CocaCola, PepsiCo, and Cadbury-Schweppes control of 90% of the US soft drink market

B. producing sweatshop apparel where the costs for healthcare, unemployment and safety are borne by the employees and not the manufacturer

C. failing to fix a car’s oil leak choosing instead to transfer the cost of the environmental burden to the community

D. people living near a coal-fired power plant who must clean the power plant’s soot off their laundry

Question #26

Which of the following is NOT an example of some one using a common area or resource (“commons”) for their own use rather than respecting the communal nature of the resource?

A. Destruction of Gulf of Mexico resources by BP’s Deep Water Gulf Oil Disaster

B. Russia making territorial claims on the Arctic

C. Ammon Bundy’s group occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge

D. Mylan Pharmaceutical’s unjustified inflation of Epi-Pen pricing

Question #27

Which of the following is NOT true of government regulation?

A. it is used to mitigate business cycles

B. it is used to protect personal rights in the work place

C. it is encouraged by free market advocates like Ayn Rand and Robert Nozick

D. it operates by means of regulations, taxation, and government spending

Question #28

Which of the following statements is NOT true of globalization?

A. believes boosting fair competition will result in greater worldwide prosperity

B. has accelerated since 1995 with the formation of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

C. is protectionistic of national economies

D. is a liberal (libertarian) market approach

Question #29

Which of the following is an argument in favor of globalization?

A. the race to the bottom

B. industrial pollution “blows away” into other nations

C. makes business more efficient and leads to greater worldwide prosperity

D. borders are open for trade but closed to immigrants who want jobs

Question #30

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

A. it reflects the power and influence of its richer and more powerful nations

B. their hearings are closed to the public

C. nations do not have to abide by its rulings

D. it is an unelected and undemocratic transnational authority

Question #31

Which of the following descriptions of the Body Shop, the cosmetics business founded by Anita Roddick, is an example one of the “worst” features of capitalism?

A. ecologically friendly cosmetics

B. employed thousands

C. expanded internationally with willing customers and competitive prices

D. low employee wages

Question #32

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report on the great recession of 2007-2009?

A. the financial crisis was unavoidable

B. was the result of a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments and a lack of transparency

C. was the result of failures in corporate governance

D. was the result of a systematic breakdown in accountability and ethics

Question #33

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of the investigative report to the president, Deep Water: The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling?

A. it could have been prevented

B. it can be traced to identifiable mistakes made by British Petroleum (BP), Halliburton, and Transocean

C. to be allowed to drill on the outer continental shelf is a private right to be exercised

D. it undermined public faith in the energy industry, government regulators and our own capability to respond to this kind of crisis

Question #34

Which of the following illustrates the “gender gap”?

A. 6 million women joining the workforce during World War II

B. the post-war economy proving greater employment opportunities for women

C. women earn only 75% of men’s wages

D. the rejection by many women of the role of being only mothers and homemakers

Question #35

The Ethics of Care is criticized because

A. it embraces the idea of interdependent relationships

B. there is no apparent independent criterion of right and wrong

C. leads to decisions based upon “rationality tinged with humane concern”

D. it goes against the traditional male view of classical philosophy

Question #36

Which of the following is NOT true of gender egalitarianism?

A. advocated by Mary Woolstonecraft

B. suggests society and the workplace need to take more seriously the perspectives and experiences of women

C. accepts the notion of gender based dichotomies

D. suggests society and the workplace have systematically devalued women’s experience

Question #37

When women in senior management are given difficult or precarious jobs that men don’t want defines

A. ”dual burdens”

B. the “mommy track”

C. the “glass ceiling”

D. the “glass cliff”

Question #38

The finding that 50% of male CEOs believe conditions for women are greatly improved, while only 25% of women agree that conditions have improved illustrates

A. workplace dangers

B. differences in form of address

C. discrimination blindness

D. the reluctance of women to charge in cases of sexual harassment

Question #39

Which of the following is NOT true of Allison Schieffelin’s case against Morgan Stanley?

A. 300 women filed similar complaints against Morgan Stanley

B. these kinds of cases are exceedingly rare today

C. she settled her case four years later for $12 million

D. in 1996 she filed a sexual discrimination complaint against Morgan Stanley with the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission

Question #40

Which is NOT true of Bloom’s taxonomy?

A. Bloom’s taxonomy is a hierarchy of learning levels

B. Bloom’s taxonomy may be used to help us diagnose our level of learning

C. Creating, evaluating, and analyzing are at the bottom of the Bloom pyramid

D. Bloom’s taxonomy is a way to help us understand our level of learning

Question #41

The first step in metacognition is

A. Goal-setting

B. Self-assessing

C. Regulating

D. Monitoring

Question #42

Which of the following is NOT an active reading strategy?

A. Writing down questions you want the reading material to answer

B. Re-reading the material until you remember the key concepts

C. Previewing the material

D. Paraphrasing the reading material as you go

Question #43

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for previewing reading material?

A. Look at charts, graphs, or pictures in the chapter

B. Skimming the material starting from the back of the chapter

C. If you are reading a novel read the first line of every paragraph

D. Page through the material looking at the section headings, bold print, and italicized words

Question #44

Which of the following is NOT one of the study tools reviewed in the lecture on metacognition strategies?

A. Flashcards

B. Outlining

C. Coffee

D. Highlighting

Question #45

Which of the following is NOT a metacognition strategy?

A. Attend class or watch video lectures and take notes by hand

B. Write your own test questions

C. Work in pairs or groups to study and review material

D. Taking good notes and relying on the lecture material makes buying the book unnecessary

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