A.   Race has become biological through inequality

B.   Humans have been interbreeding for thousands of years and are similar genetically.

C.   Human variation is continuous, there is no dividing line of a trait between “races.”

D.   Human variation is non-concordant. If we had races, we would have several distinct traits per race.

A.   Large quantities of eumelanin

B.   Large quantities of pheomelanin

C.   The amount of melanin

D.   The numbers of melanocytes

A.   Need to regulate body temperature

B.   Regulation of vitamin D

C.   Protection from cancer

D.   Destruction of folate B

A.   Early foragers experienced consistent food shortages

B.   People prefer heavier bodies for sex

C.   Homo sapiens evolved in cold areas and needed to keep warm

D.   Fat helps to prevent the development of various cancers

A.   Being heavier is biologically more attractive

B.   Early foragers experienced consistent food shortages

C.   A heavier body is a sign of fertility among women, so men would choose women who were heavier to procreate healthy children

D.   Early foragers did not choose individuals who were heavier as partners, obesity today is the result of poor eating habits

A.   As smaller scale societies acculturate to more urban/modernized environments, their levels of obesity increase

B.   Urban populations see the highest rates of obesity

C.   People in rural populations with minimal technology tend to be the heaviest

D.   Most people in the world today are overweight

A.   Our body immobilizes the immune system to attack foreign microbes

B.   Our body lowers its internal temperature in order to “freeze out” microbes

C.   Our immune system creates antibodies that create a memory of that microbe so our body can attack it more quickly in the future

D.   Our body raises its internal temperature to kill of microbes

A.   The ability of herds of animals to pass infections on to another species

B.   The ability of humans to gain immunity to diseases by living with herds of animals

C.   When most individuals in a group are vaccinated, protecting those who are not

D.   When immunity grows naturally among a group of people since they come in contact with more of the disease

A.   50%

B.   25%

C.   15%

D.   75%

A.   Poor nutrition in pregnancy helps a baby adapt to food shortages later in life

B.   Since females develop their eggs in utero, a malnourished mother can cause damage to her grandchildren

C.   Malnourished babies are at risk for later neuropsychological problems including poor school achievement

D.   ing pregnancy, a malnourished mother can produce a child that is low birth weight and has a poor immune system

A.   Stressful life events

B.   Estrogen mimicking chemicals call xenoestrogens

C.   Sexual activity

D.   Increased amount of fat

A.   Women have evolved levels of dominant behavior that help scare away predators from their children, while men have evolved levels of empathetic behavior in order to attract more females

B.   Men have evolved a higher level of estrogen than women in order to create relationships with other males that will protect them on dangerous hunts, while women have evolved higher levels of testosterone to protect their children.

C.   Testosterone in men has influenced behaviors correlated with hunting, while estrogens in women have influenced behaviors correlated with childrearing and gathering techniques.

D.   Women have evolved to be more muscular than men in order to carry their children around to protect them, while men have evolved to retain more body fat in order to survive long hunts.

A.   Humans age because of our harsh environments

B.   Aging is due to the gradual decline of our immune system

C.   Humans decline rapidly after we are no longer able to reproduce and contribute to natural selection

D.   Aging is caused by malfunctioning regulator genes

A.   The forager diet is high in wild meats

B.   The foraging diet is high in fiber from fruits and vegetables

C.   The modern diet does not utilize processed sugars and oils

D.   The modern diet is high in grains and dairy

A.   Estrogens

B.   Estroidials

C.   Testosterone

D.   Oxytocin

A.   FALSE

B.   TRUE

A.   Senescence

B.   cellular aging

C.   differentiation

D.   aging