A.   have faced serious challenges in the Republican primary.

B.   have switched to the Democratic Party.

C.   have dominated leadership positions in Congress.

D.   have defeated many RINOs

E.   have most often been the most extremely conservative members of the party.

A.   a conservative.

B.   a naysayer.

C.   a liberal.

D.   an independent.

E.   a libertarian.

A.   25 percent

B.   10 percent

C.   90 percent

D.   50 percent

E.   75 percent

A.   individuals in a political party agree on all major policy issues.

B.   interest groups select candidates to run for office and political parties do not.

C.   political parties do not want to operate the government and interest groups do.

D.   individuals must pay dues to a political party but not to an interest group.

E.   political parties want to operate the government and interest groups do not.

A.   signing up large numbers of deeply committed members.

B.   collecting member dues.

C.   peaceably influencing the American public.

D.   trying to find the other party doing “bad” things.

E.   getting the party’s candidates elected to office by winning elections.

A.   Libertarian Party

B.   Republican Party

C.   Federalist Party

D.   Democratic Party

E.   Green Party

A.   the members of the general public who identify with a political party.

B.   the individuals who choose the members of the electoral college.

C.   the members of the electoral college.

D.   the formal structure and leadership of a political party.

E.   all of the elected and appointed officials who identify with a party.

A.   is a strong indication of the emergence of a new third party.

B.   is another name for federalism.

C.   exists when the presidency and Congress are controlled by different parties.

D.   reflects a situation when a person votes for candidates of two parties for different offices.

E.   increases the control of the winning party in an election.

A.   was favored by George Washington.

B.   emerged as a consequence of the form of government created by the Constitution.

C.   is a requirement in the Constitution.

D.   emerged as a consequence of the form of government created by the Constitution and was favored by George Washington.

E.   emerged in the twentieth century.

A.   tends to exist mostly in European democracies.

B.   is one in which there are only two legal parties and tends to exist mostly in European democracies.

C.   is one in which control of government is divided between two political parties.

D.   is one in which only two parties have a reasonable chance of winning.

E.   is one in which there are only two legal parties.

A.   necessity for the functioning of democracy.

B.   vestige of politics under Great Britain and thus a thing of the past.

C.   threat to national unity and popular government.

D.   tradition from colonial times that would always exist.

E.   legitimate means for interest groups to attempt to gain control of the government.

A.   The Great Depression solidified the Republican Party as the dominant and most trusted party in American government and politics.

B.   The Great Depression shattered the working-class belief in Republican economic competence.

C.   The Great Depression shattered the working-class belief in Democratic economic competence.

D.   Republicans held the presidency from the early 1930s until the late 1960s.

E.   Roosevelt’s relief programs were generally not available to African Americans, resulting in African Americans’ antagonism toward the Democratic Party that lasted for decades.

A.   Democrats made major interventions in the economy to combat the Great Depression.

B.   Roosevelt’s coalition of whites and blacks was large enough to establish the Democrats as the majority party.

C.   The Great Depression shattered working-class voters’ confidence in the Republican Party.

D.   President Roosevelt’s programs were open to whites and African Americans.

E.   All of these choices are true.

A.   Socialist candidates.

B.   Libertarian candidates

C.   Democratic candidates.

D.   Federalist candidates.

E.   Republican candidates.

A.   increased the political power of corporations.

B.   was supported by Republicans on the basis of free speech.

C.   ruled that corporations, unions, and non-profit organizations may spend freely to support or oppose candidates as long as those expenditures are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns.

D.   was opposed by Democrats because it gave corporations some political rights given to individual citizens.

E.   All of these choices are true.

A.   coordinate all expenditures directly with the candidate.

B.   are committees created under federal or state law for the purpose of collecting political donations.

C.   collect funds from the candidate and transfer them to the political party.

D.   are limited in how much they spend

E.   are not covered by federal election laws.

A.   support the cultural positions of their party, regardless of how they feel about its economic positions.

B.   choose a party for cultural reasons.

C.   support the economic positions of their party, regardless of how they feel about its cultural positions.

D.   choose a party for economic reasons.

E.   support both the cultural and economic positions of their party.

A.   Johnson and Goldwater in 1964.

B.   Nixon and Humphrey in 1968.

C.   Kennedy and Nixon in 1960.

D.   Nixon and McGovern in 1972.

E.   Eisenhower and Stevenson in 1956.

A.   challengers generally have more to gain by debating than do incumbent Presidents.

B.   debates put challengers and incumbents on equal footing.

C.   participation in presidential debates is required of candidates by law.

D.   debates can undermine the presidential image of an incumbent.

E.   televised debates are believed to have given John Kennedy the edge over Richard Nixon in the close election of 1960.

A.   an insurgent candidate who won over the establishment.

B.   an establishment candidate who won due to his advantage in the "invisible primary."

C.   an insurgent candidate who never faded in the polls.

D.   an establishment candidate who led from the beginning.

E.   an establishment candidate who overcame insurgent candidates.

A.   splinter voter.

B.   dealigned voter.

C.   split-ticket voter

D.   swing voter.

E.   independent.

A.   they are voting for a slate of electors pledged to support a particular candidate.

B.   they become members of the electoral college.

C.   they are also voting for all other candidates from the same party.

D.   their votes are weighted by their levels of education.

E.   their votes are weighted by the number of times they have previously voted.

A.   can be done on a state by state basis.

B.   is impossible.

C.   could be done by an act of Congress.

D.   would require a Constitutional Amendment.

E.   would require a switch to a parliamentary system of government.

A.   partisan election; primary election

B.   primary election; secondary election

C.   partisan election; general election

D.   primary election; general election

E.   general election; primary election

A.   voters elect the president directly.

B.   None of these choices is true.

C.   All of these choices are true.

D.   electors have always voted for the candidate who won their state’s vote.

E.   the number of electors equals each state’s number of senators (two) plus its number of representatives.

A.   preventing vote fraud; suppressing turnout among minorities and the poor

B.   increasing turnout; suppressing turnout among members of the armed forces serving abroad

C.   preventing vote fraud; making ID fraud more common

D.   increasing turnout; suppressing turnout among minorities and the poor

E.   preventing vote fraud; suppressing turnout among members of the armed forces serving abroad

A.   primary elections; general elections

B.   local elections; Congressional elections

C.   local elections; presidential elections

D.   presidential elections; midterm elections

E.   state elections; presidential elections

A.   stabilizes; decreases

B.   decreases; increases

C.   stabilizes; increases

D.   increases; decreases

E.   increases; increases

A.   racial restrictions.

B.   citizenship restrictions.

C.   age restrictions.

D.   sex/gender restrictions.

E.   property ownership restrictions.

A.   a media frame.

B.   a sound frame.

C.   a quick quote.

D.   a sound bite.

E.   a media bite.

A.   a decline in negative advertising; it only harms the campaign that "goes negative"

B.   a decline in negative advertising; it is perceived as having little or no effect

C.   a decline in both positive and negative political advertising; they are perceived as ineffective

D.   an increase in negative advertising; it is perceived as effective

E.   a decline in both positive and negative political advertising; they are too costly

A.   the public do not pay attention to negative ads.

B.   it may boost the chances of a third candidate, and the public may think poorly of a candidate who engages in negative advertising.

C.   it may boost the chances of a third candidate.

D.   None of these choices is true.

E.   the public may think poorly of a candidate who engages in negative advertising.

A.   moderates.

B.   socialists.

C.   liberals.

D.   conservatives.

E.   libertarians.

A.   Ted Cruz.

B.   Scott Walker.

C.   Donald Trump.

D.   Hillary Clinton.

E.   Bernie Sanders.

A.   bicameralism.

B.   unicameralism.

C.   multicameralism.

D.   the separation of powers.

E.   cameralism.

A.   constituents.

B.   delegates.

C.   members.

D.   trustees.

E.   representatives.

A.   the electoral college.

B.   the chief executive.

C.   the judiciary.

D.   the legislature.

E.   the bureaucracy.

A.   Congress.

B.   the Senate, but not the House.

C.   the House, but not the Senate.

D.   the President.

E.   the bureaucracy.

A.   instructed delegate; trustee

B.   trustee; ombudsperson

C.   ombudsperson; trustee

D.   trustee; instructed delegate

E.   instructed delegate; ombudsperson

A.   the coattail effect.

B.   reapportionment.

C.   gerrymandering.

D.   incumbency advantage.

E.   redistricting.

A.   the president’s political party will be unaffected unless the president campaigns for congressional candidates.

B.   incumbents are more likely to lose.

C.   voter turnout falls sharply.

D.   voter turnout increases sharply.

E.   the president’s political party will usually gain seats in Congress.

A.   are defeated in primary elections.

B.   are defeated in general elections.

C.   successfully run for reelection.

D.   are term limited and cannot run for reelection.

E.   choose not to run for reelection.

A.   two years; six years

B.   two years, three years

C.   two years; four years

D.   six years; two years

E.   six years; four years

A.   contained no language on religion.

B.   protected citizens from all forms of government.

C.   limited only the power of the national government, not that of the states.

D.   protected citizens from the national and state governments, but not from local governments.

E.   limited only the power of state governments.

A.   the establishment clause and the free exercise clause

B.   the establishment clause and the general welfare clause

C.   the supremacy clause and the free exercise clause

D.   the general welfare clause and the supremacy clause

E.   the free exercise clause and the general welfare clause

A.   it violates the establishment clause for government to support school vouchers.

B.   it is constitutional for government to sponsor school prayer if it is voluntary.

C.   it violates the establishment clause for government to compose official prayers.

D.   it violates the free exercise clause for government to support school vouchers.

E.   it violates the free exercise clause for government to compose official prayers.

A.   it is considered symbolic speech.

B.   it is protected by the First Amendment’s freedom of expression (speech).

C.   Congress passed legislation against flag burning that was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.

D.   a constitutional amendment has been passed outlawing flag burning.

E.   it was outlawed in some states in the 1980s.

A.   defamation by libel.

B.   the legality of abortion.

C.   symbolic speech.

D.   commercial speech.

E.   the right to die.

A.   there can be no cruel and unusual punishment.

B.   search warrants are always needed to gather evidence.

C.   a lawyer does not have to be supplied in a state case.

D.   if one cannot afford an attorney, the government must provide one.

E.   lawyers only need to be appointed in death penalty cases.

A.   is limited to the federal courts.

B.   prohibits the arresting officer from serving as a character witness at a hearing or trial.

C.   forbids the admission of illegally seized evidence at trial.

D.   prohibits the detention of a suspect for more than forty-eight hours without the suspect being charged.

E.   None of these choices is true.

A.   the separation of powers.

B.   the Fifth Amendment.

C.   the Tenth Amendment.

D.   the Eighth Amendment.

E.   judicial review.

A.   the rights of all Americans provided for in the Fourteenth Amendment and what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.

B.   what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.

C.   civil liberties such as freedom of religion, speech, or assembly.

D.   Gun ownership

E.   limitations on what the government may not do to interfere with individual liberties.

A.   the Declaration of Independence.

B.   the Thirteenth Amendment.

C.   the Nineteenth Amendment.

D.   the Fourteenth Amendment.

E.   the Fifteenth Amendment.

A.   gave eighteen-year-olds the right to vote.

B.   gave women the right to vote.

C.   stated that the right to vote shall not be abridged on account of race.

D.   outlawed slavery.

E.   provided equal protection under the law.

A.   made it illegal to use law or custom to deprive anyone of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution.

B.   were designed to enforce the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.

C.   implemented the extension of citizenship to anyone born in the United States.

D.   All of these choices are true.

E.   declared that everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations.

A.   tried to stop the development of legal racial segregation known as Jim Crow laws.

B.   agreed that separation of races is not a violation of the Constitution.

C.   stated that schools may not practice any type of racial segregation.

D.   ruled that African Americans are not persons for the purposes of the Constitution.

E.   ruled that the practice of slavery must cease before the end of the century.

A.   whites to exclude African Americans from voting in Democratic primaries.

B.   voters to select ballots for each party based on different skin colors.

C.   African Americans the opportunity to vote for the first time.

D.   all races to participate in elections on an equal basis.

E.   whites to exclude African Americans from voting in the general elections.

A.   primary tests.

B.   constitutional exams.

C.   poll tests.

D.   registration tests.

E.   literacy tests.

A.   ethnic minorities have no right to equal treatment

B.   the national government has no power over local school boards

C.   public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment

D.   separation of races for educational purposes is constitutional

E.   African Americans cannot be refused college admission

A.   Dr. King; Rosa Parks

B.   Dr. King; Malcolm X

C.   Rosa Parks; Dr. King

D.   Harriet Tubman; Malcolm X

E.   Malcolm X; Dr. King

A.   moderate scrutiny

B.   exacting scrutiny

C.   intermediate scrutiny

D.   strict scrutiny

E.   rational basis review

A.   affirmative action.

B.   the Lincoln dilemma.

C.   civil rights.

D.   civil liberties.

E.   legislative mandate.

A.   all affirmative action programs were unconstitutional.

B.   affirmative action programs were allowable in law schools, but not to be utilized in medical schools.

C.   race cannot be considered as a factor at all in making admissions decisions.

D.   quota systems are constitutional.

E.   race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions.

A.   China; Mexico and Central America

B.   Asia; Latin America

C.   Western Europe; former Soviet states

D.   Latin America; Eastern Europe

E.   Europe; Latin American and Asia

A.   set the minimum voting age to eighteen.

B.   ended racial segregation in the United States.

C.   abolished slavery.

D.   expanded the right to vote to women.

E.   did away with racial restrictions on voting.

A.   a 2015 executive order.

B.   a 2016 Congressional law.

C.   a 2015 Supreme Court decision.

D.   an international treaty on human rights.

E.   a 2010 Constitutional Amendment.

A.   contentless speech; not protected by the courts

B.   contentless speech; protected by the courts

C.   symbolic speech; protected by the courts

D.   symbolic speech; not protected by the courts

E.   symbolic speech; seen as a misapplication of the principles of free speech

A.   Griswold rights.

B.   Miranda rights.

C.   First Amendment rights.

D.   Lemon rights.

E.   Eighth Amendment rights.

A.   ruled that the Court cannot establish a right unless it is specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

B.   held that the law violated the right to privacy.

C.   found that laws against contraceptives were legal and ruled that the Court cannot establish a right unless it is specifically mentioned in the Constitution.

D.   found that laws against contraceptives were legal.

E.   guaranteed all women access to abortion.