Physiology 001 - Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2022 » Exam 1
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Question #1
The anatomy of a body part is intimately tied to its specific function. Scientists call this the principle of ___________.
A.
homeostasis
B.
hierarchical organization
C.
negative feedback
D.
complementarity
Question #2
Regulation of blood glucose level via insulin is a good example of:
A.
structure is related to the function
B.
SER achieving homeostasis
C.
Positive feedback
D.
negative feedback
Question #3
How does PTH (parathyroid Hormone) helps achieving homeostasis?
A.
by increasing the Calcium in the blood by activating calcitonin
B.
none of the choices.
C.
by stimulating the Thyroid gland to release Calcium
D.
By providing Ca to the blood during bone resorption and activation of asteoclast cells
Question #4
What is the definition of homeostasis?
A.
The ability to maintain relatively stable external conditions even though the inside world changes continuously
B.
The response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated
C.
When the output shuts off the original effect of the stimulus
D.
The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously
Question #5
One survival need of humans is appropriate atmospheric pressure. At high altitudes where atmospheric pressure is lower, you might expect that oxygen acquisition would ____________.
A.
remain unchanged
B.
twofold increase
C.
threefold increase
D.
decrease
Question #6
Homeostatic control mechanism is like your air conditioning system. When your room is hot, what do you think the cold air coming out of the vent resembles? as you get cold and shrivel, your muscle contracting would be a good example of :
A.
receptor
B.
control center
C.
effector
D.
none of the choices.
Question #7
Which of the following does not affect the function of an enzyme?
A.
noncompetitive inhibitor
B.
All of the choices could affect the enzyme function
C.
Temperature
D.
altering the active site
E.
competitive inhibitor
Question #8
Which of the following considered as lesser element?
A.
H
B.
N
C.
C
D.
Ca
Question #9
which of the following membrane junctions deals with transportation of substances from one cell to another.
A.
gap junction
B.
receptor
C.
desmosomes
D.
tight junction
Question #10
The major function of carbohydrates in the body is __________.
A.
protein synthesis
B.
forming the basis of the cell membrane bilayer
C.
as cellular fuel
D.
being a genetic blueprint
Question #11
The quaternary level of protein structure involves __________.
A.
alpha-helices
B.
hydrogen bonds between adjacent amino acids
C.
individual amino acids
D.
aggregations of polypeptides formin a complex protein with more than two subunits.ming a complex protein
Question #12
A 5 ml solution containing pH of 3.5 was mixed with a 5 ml solution containing pH of 10.5. What will you expect the pH of the mixture be?
A.
none of the choices.
B.
Acidic
C.
neutral
D.
basic
Question #13
The most important determinant of an atom's bonding behavior is __________.
A.
the total number of electrons
B.
the number of valence shell electrons
C.
the number of protons in the nucleus
D.
the number of neutrons in the nucleus
Question #14
Water's unique properties like high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, and universal solvent can be attributed to its __________.
A.
ability to form hydrogen bonds
B.
small size
C.
oxygen atom
D.
hydrogen atoms
Question #15
Based on your knowledge of the cell membrane's chemistry, where would steroid hormones most likely interact with their target cell?
A.
On the exterior surface of the cell
B.
Through interaction with an integral membrane protein
C.
Inside the target cell's cytoplasm or nucleus
D.
Steroid hormones don't interact with target cells
Question #16
Which of the following is not a passive transport?
A.
osmosis
B.
endocytosis
C.
diffusion
D.
filtration
Question #17
Using the universal coding language, translate the following DNA: TAC-CCT
A.
Met-Gly
B.
Met-stop
C.
Met-Arg
D.
Met-Pro
E.
none of the choices
Question #18
Which of the following will happen if the enzymes within the lysosomes are not working properly?
A.
The cell will collapse
B.
The cell will not make protein properly
C.
The cell will run out of energy
D.
Waste will accumulate in the cell and more chances of infection may occur
Question #19
Phospholipids orient themselves in aqueous solutions such that __________.
A.
the polar heads face the interior and exterior of the cell with the tails forming the center of the membrane
B.
the nonpolar tails are oriented toward the interior of the cell, next to the cytoplasm
C.
the polar heads are pointed toward the center of the membrane
D.
the polar heads and nonpolar tails alternate facing inward
Question #20
Intensely biosynthetic secretory cells such as neurons would be expected to have greater amounts of _________ than other cells.
A.
lysosomes
B.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
C.
centrioles
D.
peroxisomes
Question #21
Identify the specific step of mitosis: the nuclear envelope appearing again, cleavage furrow is also present while the spindle fibers are disappearing.
A.
Telophase
B.
Anaphase
C.
Metaphase
D.
prophase
Question #22
The three main components of all cells include the plasma membrane, the nucleus, and the __________.
A.
organelle
B.
cell wall
C.
cytoplasm
D.
DNA
Question #23
What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?
A.
The sister chromatids must be separated.
B.
The nuclear envelope must break up.
C.
The chromosomes must be duplicated.
D.
The nucleus must divide in two.
E.
A mitotic spindle must form.
Question #24
The presence of which of the following cytoskeletal elements endows cilia with the ability to move and bend?
A.
Actin filaments
B.
Microfilaments
C.
Intermediate filaments
D.
Microtubules
Question #25
A sprinter is likely to depend on _________ respiration to generate ATP, and a Tour de France cyclist is likely to rely on __________ respiration.
A.
aerobic; anaerobic
B.
anaerobic; aerobic
C.
anaerobic; anaerobic
D.
aerobic; aerobic
Question #26
Theoretically, contraction would not occur if actin and myosin filaments do not overlap.
A.
FALSE
B.
TRUE
Question #27
Predict what will happen if you remove all the T-tubules during the process of muscle cotraction?
A.
AP or electrical impulse will not reach the SR
B.
ATP pathway will be gone so muscle will not contract.
C.
Actin protein will not get stabilized
D.
Myosin head will not be disconnected from actin
Question #28
At the neuromuscular junction, calcium ions act to ________.
A.
release synaptic vesicles from the axon terminal
B.
cause ATP binding to actin
C.
remove the blocking action of tropomyosin
D.
increase the conduction speed of action potentials transmitted along the sarcolemma
E.
release the inhibition on Z discs
Question #29
What is the role of calcium ions in the contraction of skeletal muscle?
A.
Calcium ions bind to the troponin-tropomyosin complex and remove their inhibitory action on actin/myosin interaction.
B.
The release of calcium ions triggers the immediate regeneration of creatine phosphate to power the contraction.
C.
Calcium ions bind to lactic acid to remove it from the contracting muscle.
D.
Calcium ions directly activate ATPase in the myosin head.
Question #30
A muscle contraction increases in strength up to a point because ______.
A.
stronger stimuli inhibit motor unit activation
B.
more calcium is available in the sarcoplasm
C.
additional neurons begin stimulating each muscle fiber
D.
recruitment occurs and more motor units respond to stronger stimuli
Question #31
Which of the following periods corresponds to the power stroke of myosin heads during cross-bridge cycle.
A.
contraction
B.
none of the choices
C.
latent
D.
relaxation
Question #32
A sequence of DNA contained 30% G, what is the % of A?
A.
30%
B.
40%
C.
can not be determined
D.
20%
Question #33
Which of the following organelle is involved in packaging and shipping protein?
A.
Lysosome
B.
SER
C.
Centriole
D.
Golgi
Question #34
In crossbridge cycle, what happens right after ATP binds to myosin head?
A.
The myosin will get disconnected from actin
B.
The Ca2+ will be removed from sarcoplasm
C.
The tropomyosin will be moved to the side
D.
power stroke occurs
Question #35
Predict the effect of hypoxia (lack of Oxygen) on release of neurotransmitter (ACh) on the muscle fiber?
A.
none of the choices.
B.
more ACh releases
C.
same amount of ACh releases
D.
less ACh releases
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